CN106279931B - 一种电缆护层材料 - Google Patents
一种电缆护层材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106279931B CN106279931B CN201610817158.7A CN201610817158A CN106279931B CN 106279931 B CN106279931 B CN 106279931B CN 201610817158 A CN201610817158 A CN 201610817158A CN 106279931 B CN106279931 B CN 106279931B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical group OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VETPHHXZEJAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-dinaphthalen-2-ylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC=3C=CC(NC=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)=CC=3)=CC=C21 VETPHHXZEJAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GTTSNKDQDACYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trihydroxybutane Chemical compound CCCC(O)(O)O GTTSNKDQDACYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HCILJBJJZALOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-n'-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]propanehydrazide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)NNC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 HCILJBJJZALOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AQAKLNOYKASEIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(O)CN.C1(=CC=CC=C1)OP(OC1=CC=CC=C1)O Chemical compound C(O)CN.C1(=CC=CC=C1)OP(OC1=CC=CC=C1)O AQAKLNOYKASEIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HDERJYVLTPVNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound C=C.CC(=O)OC=C HDERJYVLTPVNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001853 inorganic hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethanolamine hydrochloride Natural products NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940031098 ethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RQINQJTUMGQYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOP(O)(O)=O RQINQJTUMGQYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVHQFWDNVOBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)O.P(OCCCC)(OCCCC)O Chemical group C(C)O.P(OCCCC)(OCCCC)O QIVHQFWDNVOBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PEZBJHXXIFFJBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCO.OP(O)(O)=O PEZBJHXXIFFJBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010070 extrusion (rubber) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/22—Halogen free composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
- C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
一种电缆护层材料，包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚乙烯40‑80％、乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物5‑20％、纳米复合阻燃剂15‑40％、助剂5‑20％、交联剂0.1‑0.5％。本发明与常规的将膨胀性阻燃剂与无机氢氧化物简单混合的电缆材料相比，本发明所述的电缆护层材料具有更好的物料均匀性，材料内部没有常见的微孔，具有更好的绝缘阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆护层材料，尤其是一种无卤低烟阻燃电缆护层材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着国民经济的快速、稳步增长，城市建设的飞速发展，大批建造了各种功能的建筑物，由此发生火灾的几率相应增多。在人口相对比较密集的易发生火灾的场合，应采用高阻燃防火型电力电缆以满足使用要求。由于常见的高阻燃防火型电力电缆绝缘只采用无机复合绝缘材料云母带重叠绕包，云母带上面的云母粉容易脱落导致绝缘性能和防火性能下降，采用挤出填充型硅橡胶填充缆芯的空隙，这个工序需要专用的硅橡胶挤出设备才能进行，金属层采用纵包氩弧焊接铜带，成本较高。
聚合物主要含碳、氢等元素，在氧和热的作用下容易着火燃烧。当聚合物材料受热后，热量传导进入材料内部，材料首先吸热熔融；随着温度升高，聚合物开始出现键的断裂，发生热分解并释放出含碳氢的可燃性气体；足够多的可燃气体在一定温度下和氧气作用发生燃烧；气相燃烧产生的热量又传回未分解的固体，进一步加快聚合物的分解，产生更多可燃性气体，使燃烧更为剧烈。由此可见，可燃物、热量和氧气是维持燃烧的三个基本要素，三者缺一不可。因此，在对聚合物进行阻燃改性时，切断维持燃烧的三要素中之一，就能达到阻燃目的。
聚合物的阻燃改性与研究其燃烧过程和特性息息相关。从本质上说，阻燃就是通过阻止或减弱燃烧三要素中的一个或几个来实现的。阻燃机理实际上就是阻燃剂对燃烧三要素具体的阻止或减弱效应。阻燃机理具体可划分为多种类型，如形成非可燃性保护膜、产生高密度气体隔离层、捕捉自由基终止链反应、提高聚合物的热稳定性等。概括地说，针对聚合物的阻燃改性以凝聚相阻燃、气相阻燃、协效阻燃及中断热交换等四种机理为主。
金属氢氧化物阻燃剂分解温度高、不易挥发、成本低，除具有阻燃效果外，还具有无毒、抑制发烟的性质，被誉为无公害阻燃剂。但金属氢氧化物阻燃剂存在填充量大、与聚合物相容性差和对聚合物的加工、力学性能影响较大等缺点，这些是金属氢氧化物阻燃剂在研发和应用中必须解决的问题。
膨胀型阻燃剂主要由含有氮、磷、碳等元素的物质复合而成，各元素之间具有阻燃协同作用。发生燃烧时，膨胀型阻燃剂会在塑料表面生成泡沫碳层，从而起到隔热、抑烟、防熔滴等效果，实现阻燃。目前对膨胀型阻燃剂的报道虽多，但其研究仍属于刚起步的阶段，实际应用较少。另外，膨胀型阻燃剂确实具有优良的阻燃潜质，但其与聚合物相容性差、易吸潮等缺点在一定程度上制约其工业化的进程。未来对膨胀型阻燃剂的研究将从耐水、相容性和扩大分子尺度等方面着手改进。
发明内容
一种电缆护层材料，包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚乙烯40-80％、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物5-20％、纳米复合阻燃剂15-40％、助剂5-20％、交联剂0.1-1.5％。
所述助剂是环己烷、甲苯、正辛烷、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯中的一种；
所述纳米复合阻燃剂是经过亚磷酸酯胺盐改性的纳米氢氧化铝。所述按照以下方法制备：在铝酸钠溶液中加入碳酸氢钠溶液，调节pH值到10-11，控制温度在55-65℃，反应10-30min，抽滤，洗涤，干燥，得到纳米氢氧化铝；将所述亚磷酸酯胺盐溶解在溶剂中，加入纳米氢氧化铝，静置24-36h，过滤，干燥，即得所述亚磷酸酯胺盐改性的纳米氢氧化铝。
所述纳米复合阻燃剂中亚磷酸酯胺和氢氧化铝的质量比是1:3-5，优选是1:4。
所述溶剂是季戊四醇、己二醇，丁二醇中的一种，优选是季戊四醇。
所述亚磷酸酯胺盐是亚磷酸二正丁酯乙醇胺、二辛基亚磷酸酯乙醇胺、二苯基亚磷酸酯乙醇胺或丁基异辛基磷酸十二胺。
所述纳米复合阻燃剂的粒径是10-50nm。
所述交联剂是三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷酯中的一种。
所述无卤阻燃聚烯烃电线电缆材料还包括抗氧剂，所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1024、抗氧剂1035、抗氧剂264和DNP中的任一种或几种的混合物，所述抗氧剂的用量为0.5-2％。
本发明首次提出利用亚磷酸酯胺盐作为氢氧化铝的表面改性材料，不仅提高了氢氧化铝微粒与聚合物的相容性，而且通过改进氢氧化铝的制备方法，降低了氢氧化铝的粒径，氢氧化铝的粒径分布更均匀，从而提高了阻燃剂的阻燃性能；此外亚磷酸酯胺盐本身具有一定的阻燃效果，其在分解时会促进聚合物表面形成泡沫碳层，从而达到隔绝空气，减缓燃烧发生的目的。本发明与常规的将膨胀性阻燃剂与无机氢氧化物简单混合的电缆材料相比，本发明所述的电缆材料具有更好的物料均匀性，材料内部没有常见的微孔，具有更好的绝缘阻燃性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例中所述铁氧体纳米颗粒按照以下方法制备：在铝酸钠溶液中加入碳酸氢钠溶液，调节pH值到10，控制温度在55℃，反应10min，抽滤，洗涤，干燥，得到纳米氢氧化铝；将所述亚磷酸酯胺盐溶解在溶剂中，加入纳米氢氧化铝，静置24h，过滤，干燥，即得所述亚磷酸酯胺盐改性的纳米氢氧化铝。
实施例1
一种电缆护层材料，包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚乙烯59.5％、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物20％、纳米复合阻燃剂5％、助剂13％、抗氧剂2％，交联剂0.5％。
实施例2
一种电缆护层材料，包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚乙烯78.5％、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物5％、纳米复合阻燃剂10％、助剂5％、抗氧剂1％。交联剂0.5％。
对比例1
一种电缆护层材料，包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚乙烯78.5％、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物5％、纳米氢氧化铝10％、助剂5％、抗氧剂1％。交联剂0.5％。
对比例2
一种电缆护层材料，包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚乙烯74.5％、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物5％、纳米氢氧化铝10％、亚磷酸酯胺盐4％、助剂5％、抗氧剂1％。交联剂0.5％。
对实施例和对比例进行拉伸试验和氧指数测试，结果如下表所示：
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | |
| 拉伸强度(MPa) | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 8.1 |
| 氧指数 | 34 | 36 | 28 | 30 |
本发明可用其他的不违背本发明的精神或主要特征的具体形式来概括。本发明的所有实施方案都只能认为是对本发明的说明而不是限制，凡是根据本发明的技术内容所作出的任何细微修改或等同替换，都属于本发明的技术方案之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种电缆护层材料，包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚乙烯40-80％、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物5-20％、纳米复合阻燃剂15-40％、助剂5-20％、交联剂0.1-0.5％；所述纳米复合阻燃剂是经过亚磷酸酯胺盐改性的纳米氢氧化铝，按照以下方法制备：在铝酸钠溶液中加入碳酸氢钠溶液，调节pH值到10-11，控制温度在55-65℃，反应10-30min，抽滤，洗涤，干燥，得到纳米氢氧化铝；将所述亚磷酸酯胺盐溶解在溶剂中，加入纳米氢氧化铝，静置24-36h，过滤，干燥，即得所述亚磷酸酯胺盐改性的纳米氢氧化铝。
2.如权利要求1所述的电缆护层材料，其特征在于所述助剂是环己烷、甲苯、正辛烷、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的电缆护层材料，其特征在于所述纳米复合阻燃剂中亚磷酸酯胺盐和氢氧化铝的质量比是1:3-5。
4.如权利要求1所述的电缆护层材料，其特征在于所述溶剂是季戊四醇、己二醇，丁二醇中的一种。
5.如权利要求4所述的电缆护层材料，其特征在于所述溶剂是季戊四醇。
6.如权利要求1所述的电缆护层材料，其特征在于所述亚磷酸酯胺盐是亚磷酸二正丁酯乙醇胺盐、二辛基亚磷酸酯乙醇胺盐、二苯基亚磷酸酯乙醇胺盐或丁基异辛基磷酸十二胺盐。
7.如权利要求1所述的电缆护层材料，其特征在于所述纳米复合阻燃剂的粒径是10-50nm。
8.如权利要求1所述的电缆护层材料，其特征在于所述电缆护层材料还包括抗氧剂，所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1024、抗氧剂1035、抗氧剂264和DNP中的任一种或几种的混合物，所述抗氧剂的用量为0.5-2％。
9.如权利要求1所述的电缆护层材料，其特征在于所述交联剂是三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷酯中的一种。
10.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的电缆护层材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：按比例将聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、纳米复合阻燃剂、助剂，交联剂加入混炼机中在150-200℃中混炼20-40min，螺杆转速为50～80rpm；进行高能电子束辐照，辐照剂量为50～200kGy，即可得到所述电缆护层材料。
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