CN106278957A - 一种新型的铜离子荧光分子探针及其应用 - Google Patents

一种新型的铜离子荧光分子探针及其应用 Download PDF

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CN106278957A
CN106278957A CN201610668100.0A CN201610668100A CN106278957A CN 106278957 A CN106278957 A CN 106278957A CN 201610668100 A CN201610668100 A CN 201610668100A CN 106278957 A CN106278957 A CN 106278957A
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王旸
孙聪聪
黄烨炜
王涛
丛维涛
金利泰
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种二价铜离子荧光探针及制备方法,其采用甲醇为溶剂,将6‑甲氧基‑2‑萘醛溶解于反应瓶中,升温至40‑50℃;采用水作为溶剂,将碳酰肼溶解后,逐滴加入反应瓶中,回流反应3小时;对反应后的混合溶液通过过滤、干燥除去溶剂,得到希夫碱铜离子荧光探针。该方法简单操作,方便快捷,需要的中间体成本低廉,反应过程容易控制,产品易于分离、收率高、纯度高。该荧光探针对铜离子具有特别的识别性能,在传感器技术、光化学和电致发光器件等方面具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种新型的铜离子荧光分子探针及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及荧光传感器制备技术领域,特别是提供了一种用于快速、灵敏、简便地检测水溶液中低浓度铜离子的方法及生物应用。
背景技术
生命活动是由许多生物活性物质参加的各种化学反应的结果,金属离子就是其中重要的一种。生物体内的必需微量金属元素直接参与机体内几乎所有的生理过程,他们在维持蛋白质,核酸,肽类和激素等生物大分子的基本结构和实现其正常功能方面起着重要的作用。而另外一些金属元素特别是重金属元素在浓度较低时就会对生物体产生较大的毒性和破坏性。近年来,随着科学技术及各种工业技术的高速发展,为社会带来了巨大的经济利益,促进了国民经济的发展,但同时也让生态环境付出了惨痛的代价。以化工产业为例,其发展造成了大量化学物质污染问题,其中以重金属污染最为突出,严重威胁人类的身体健康。据环境保护部公布的《2013年上半年全国环境质量状况》显示,2013年上半年,12个地表水国控断面(点位)共出现22次重金属超标现象。涉及重金属污染的行业范围广,主要包括矿物开采及冶炼、电镀、皮革、农药、化工及IT行业等。这些污染物被排放到江河湖泊,甚至渗入到地下水中引起更为严重的水质污染,不但使得环境生态系统遭到破坏,也使饮用水源受到污染。重金属毒性大,降解难,可通过饮用被污染水源直接作用于人畜,也可通过水生动植物吸收并富集,通过食物链危害人畜的安全,严重危害人们的身体健康。重金属污染事件接二连三地发生,已引起各方的高度关注,因此,这对环境检测方式及方法提出了更高的要求。所有重金属污染中,因铜元素涉及的行业广泛,所以Cu2+是广泛存在于生态环境中的重金属离子。铜元素是生命必须的微量元素之一,Cu2+在人体内的适量存在有利于维持正常的生命活动,尤其与人体的造血功能密切相关,参与人体的抗氧化作用及某些酶反应过程。然而铜过量时,会对生物体及人类造成巨大的危害,过量的Cu2+可与生物体中蛋白质的巯基结合,干扰巯基酶的活性。人体酮中毒表现为腹痛、皮疹、腹泻、呕吐呕吐物为绿色。当铜含量超过人体所需要的100-150倍时,可引起坏死性肝炎和溶血性贫血。因此,对于环境中Cu2+过量的检测需引起足够的重视。
目前,检测包括Cu2+在内的重金属离子方法,主要有原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法等。然而这些方法中或多或少都存在一些缺陷,如样品制备步骤复杂、干扰离子影响严重、仪器价格昂贵、检测时间长、不能实时实地检测等,实际应用受到了一定的限制。因此,探索一种经济、快速、简便、灵敏度高、反应更迅速的铜离子检测方法,并将其推广成一种便于携带可实时实地检测的方法,广泛应用于污水处理、医学分析、食品分析、空气及土壤质量分析等领域,具有重要意义。
在诸多的检测识别方法中,灵敏度高选择性好成本低易操作的希夫碱荧光分子探针成为人们研究的热点。希夫碱类化合物其合成原料易得、便于在配合物中引入适量的衍生物基团,合成条件不是很苛刻,合成产率比较高,后期处理工艺简单等优点,其具有很大的研究潜力,未来应用前景广阔。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种铜离子荧光探针的制备方法及应用。该荧光探针在水溶液中对铜离子具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,加入各种碱金属、碱土金属和过度金属离子,均未引起光谱的明显变化,仅仅4倍铝离子的加入,溶液颜色从无色变为黄色,在455nm处的荧光强度明显增强35倍,发出强烈蓝色荧光。本发明实现了对铝离子的高选择性识别,在0-2×10-5mol/L范围具有较好的线性关系,是一种具有生色传感功能的荧光探针,在生物及其离子检测领域具有广泛的应用前景。
本发明涉及合成Cu2+荧光探针,荧光强度增强显著,制备工艺简便高效、成本低,对铜离子识别效果显著,是一种理想的可应用于铜离子现场检测的传感分子。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种希夫碱铜离子荧光探针,由6-甲氧基-2-萘醛与碳酰肼反应制得,其分子式为C13H14N4O2,其化学结构式如下:
该化合物的合成方法:取200mg(1.08mmol)6-甲氧基-2-萘醛放入50mL圆底烧瓶中,用10mL甲醇溶解。将486mg(5.40mmol)碳酰肼溶于10mL水滴加到上述溶液中,加热回流3小时,反应产物冷却至室温,得白色沉淀物,抽滤,沉淀物用水洗涤3-4次,然后用甲醇结晶得黄色针状晶体,产率为90.3%。
Rf=0.4(EtOAc).1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):10.39(s,1H,imine-H),7.97-7.86(d,2H,naphth-H),7.83-7.79(d,2H,naphth-H),8.06-8.02(s,2H,naphtha-H),7.33(s,1H,amide-H),7.23-7.16(m,1H,amide-H),4.08(d,2H,amine-H),3.88(s,3H,methoxy-H).13C-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6),δ(ppm):157.86,140.39,134.76,130.35,129.64,128.22,127.29,127.06,123.70(×2),118.88,106.31,55.27.LRMS(ESI):m/z 259.3[M+H+]
本发明具体描述
将荧光探针配成浓度为5×10-6mol/L的水溶液,吸收光谱在TU-1901型紫外-可见分光光度计上测量,扫描范围为200-600nm;荧光光谱在岛津PF-3501PC荧光风光光度计上测量,激发波长为310nm。吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测试,分别用1cm比色皿,每次移取3mL的荧光探针水溶液(5×10-6mol/L)于比色皿中,用移液器分别加入不同体积1×10-4mol/L的K+,Na+,Ag+,Ni2+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Mn2+,Fe3+,NH4 +,Co2+,Li+,Al3+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Ba2+,Pb2+,Cr3+等金属离子的水溶液,用吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究荧光探针与不同金属离子相互作用的光谱性质。
下面结合附图作进一步详细说明:
附图说明:
图1是荧光探针与不同金属离子作用的荧光光谱图;
图2是在455nm处荧光探针与不同金属离子作用的荧光强度变化柱形图;
图3是荧光探针的水溶液中进行Cu2+荧光滴定图;
图4是荧光探针的水溶液中加入Cu2+的反应时间;
图5是DFT-B3LYP方法系统地研究探针的几何结构及光谱性质;
图6是PC-12细胞内Cu2+检测的细胞成像图。
具体实施方式:
图1是荧光探针与不同金属离子作用的荧光光谱图。从图中的荧光曲线可以看出,荧光探针本身几乎没有荧光,当4倍当量的铜离子加入时,荧光强度明显增强,10倍当量的碱金属(K+,Na+,Li+)、碱土金属(Ca2+)和过渡金属(Mn2+,Al3+,Co2+,Pb2+)的加入均未引起光谱的明显变化,因而对Cu2+离子表现出有专一性的识别效果。
图2是在455nm处荧光探针与不同金属离子作用的荧光强度变化柱形图,从图中可以看出,仅仅4倍量的铜离子的加入,荧光探针在455nm处的荧光强度增强35倍,这是由于荧光探针的结构中C=N双键上的N原子受光诱导的电子转移效应的影响,在与铜离子结合后抑制了光诱导的电子转移效应,同时增强了平面共轭,两种机制共同导致荧光发射明显增强,对铜离子达到了优良的识别效果。
图3将荧光探针的水溶液中进行Cu2+荧光滴定。将荧光探针配制成浓度为5×10- 6mol/L的水溶液,逐渐加入一定量的铜离子,可以看到在455nm处发射峰强度逐渐增强,当Cu2+浓度达到2×10-5mol/L(4倍当量)时,荧光强度趋于稳定,溶液在365nm紫外灯下变为深蓝色。
图4将荧光探针的水溶液中加入浓度为2×10-5mol/L(4倍当量)的Cu2+,测量不同时间段的荧光强度,即为探针与铜离子的反应时间。
图5通过密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对化合物的结构和谱学性质进行计算研究,进一步揭示了化合物的细微特征,深化与丰富了之前的研究,为进一步的理论、实验及探针的设计提供了较精确的参考依据。
图6是PC-12细胞内Cu2+检测的细胞成像图。将细胞铺在培养皿中,皿中含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基,在37℃和5%二氧化碳条件下培养48小时,向其中分别加入10μM的荧光探针,培养30分钟,在加入20μM的铜离子继续培养30分钟,用吸管吸掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液洗涤细胞3次,接着使用荧光显微镜成像观察。同时将对照组只加入10μM的荧光探针,实验结果如图所示。

Claims (5)

1.一种希夫碱铜离子荧光探针,其特征在于:由6-甲氧基-2-萘醛与碳酰肼反应制得,其结构式为:
2.一种希夫碱铜离子荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:其包括如下步骤:
1)采用甲醇作为溶剂,将6-甲氧基-2-萘醛溶解于反应瓶中,升温至40-50℃;
2)采用谁作为溶剂,将碳酰肼溶解后,逐滴加入反应瓶中,回流反应小时;
3)对反应后的混合溶液通过过滤、干燥除去溶剂,得到希夫碱铜离子荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种希夫碱铜离子荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1、2中,6-甲氧基-2-萘醛与碳酰肼用量的摩尔比为1∶5。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种希夫碱铜离子荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1中,6-甲氧基-2-萘醛溶解于甲醇后的浓度为0.108mol/L。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种希夫碱铜离子荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中,碳酰肼溶于水后的浓度为0.54mol/L。
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CN107286056A (zh) * 2017-07-05 2017-10-24 安徽大学 一种含有聚酰胺胺‑蒽基席夫碱的荧光探针化合物及其制备方法和用途
CN108047210A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-05-18 济南大学 一种均三嗪分子探针及其制备方法和应用
CN108084103A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-05-29 济南大学 一种三嗪基荧光探针及其制备方法和用途
CN109651319A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2019-04-19 许昌学院 一种基于香豆素卡巴腙衍生物的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用
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