CN106277501B - 一种含汞废水的处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及污水处理领域,尤其涉及一种含汞废水的处理方法,先向含汞废水中加入药渣介质,然后经紫外照射45‑60min,经过滤,将滤液曝气5‑7h后,加入改性铁粉,经机械活化后,静置,得沉淀物和悬浮液,向悬浮液中加入药渣介质搅拌20‑30min,反复过滤至达到排放指标,本发明的处理效果好,处理能力广,处理成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理领域,尤其涉及一种含汞废水的处理方法。
背景技术
汞,俗称水银,是一种毒性较大的金属,在人类的生产活动中,常有不少汞流失到废水中,尤其是各矿山的尾矿坝外排水中大部分含汞,给环境构成了污染,给人群健康带来了危害。
传统的含汞废水处理方法主要有化学沉淀法、金属还原法、活性炭吸附法、离子交换法、电解法和微生物法,但均存在不理想之处,比如,化学沉淀法对低浓度汞废水处理不彻底,金属还原法脱汞不完全,活性炭吸附法操作复杂、成本高、水质波动易导致超标,离子交换法受水中杂质影响大,成本高。电解法投资成本高、电耗大、易生成汞蒸汽造成二次污染,微生物法虽展现了广阔的发展前景,但仍有很多问题制约了其工业化应用,因此,如何克服含汞废水的处理方法的不足,就成为现有技术中亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种含汞废水的处理方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案得以实现。
一种含汞废水的处理方法,具体为:先向含汞废水中加入药渣介质,然后经紫外照射45-60min,经过滤,将滤液曝气5-7h后,加入改性铁粉,经机械活化后,静置,得沉淀物和悬浮液,向悬浮液中加入药渣介质搅拌20-30min,反复过滤至达到排放指标。
进一步的,所述的药渣介质是由以下重量份原料组成:活性炭10-20份、药渣10-15份、滤材10-20份。
进一步的,所述的药渣由5份五倍子、1份山茱萸、10份石榴皮、8份苦丁茶。
进一步的,所述的药渣是将五倍子、山茱萸、石榴皮粉磨后,用乙醇浸提后,取固形物经水浸提,取滤液浓缩至滤液体积1/2,经真空干燥后,粉碎,并与苦丁茶置于炒锅中炒焙15min。
进一步的,所述乙醇的体积浓度为65-75%。
进一步的,所述水浸提,其提取温度为48℃。
进一步的,所述炒焙是在锅温为85-90℃条件下恒温炒焙。
进一步的,所述的滤材为纤维、膨润土、硅藻土、阳离子交换树脂中的任意一种或几种巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合,其中,巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺的用量占滤材6-10%。
进一步的,所述药渣介质是将药渣与活性炭混合后制粒,再用滤材进行包被而得。
进一步的,所述改性铁粉是将铁粉用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液润湿,置于28℃环境中搅拌1h,然后微波处理后,经研磨、过筛,即得。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明处理方法的适用面广,不受废水温度、酸碱度、悬浮物及含盐量的影响;通过分步处理含汞废水,使得药渣、活性炭、滤材等使用量降低,设备投入减少,进而降低了处理成本;本发明通过药渣介质结合紫外照射,使得药渣的除汞能力得以协同增效,结合过滤手段,使得废渣易回收,本发明通过对药渣介质进行配比设计,使得介质的絮凝效果得以协同增强,进而提高了本发明的汞脱出能力,同时使得废渣易回收;本发明通过对铁粉进行改性,增强了金属置换率。
本方面通过物理和化学方法的结合,配合对有机汞和无机汞消除,使得经处理的含汞废水能够达到≤0.5μg/L。
具体实施方式
下面进一步描述本发明的技术方案,但要求保护的范围并不局限于所述。
实施例1
一种含汞废水的处理方法,具体为:先向含汞废水中加入药渣介质,然后经紫外照射60min,经过滤,将滤液曝气6h后,加入改性铁粉,经机械活化后,静置,得沉淀物和悬浮液,向悬浮液中加入药渣介质搅拌25min,反复过滤至达到排放指标;
所述的药渣介质是由以下重量原料组成:活性炭15kg、药渣12kg、滤材15kg;
所述的药渣由5kg五倍子、1kg山茱萸、10kg石榴皮、8kg苦丁茶;
所述的药渣是将五倍子、山茱萸、石榴皮粉磨后,用乙醇浸提后,取固形物经水浸提,取滤液浓缩至滤液体积1/2,经真空干燥后,粉碎,并与苦丁茶置于炒锅中炒焙15min;
所述乙醇的体积浓度为70%;
所述水浸提,其提取温度为48℃;
所述炒焙是在锅温为88℃条件下恒温炒焙;
所述的滤材为纤维、膨润土、硅藻土、阳离子交换树脂中的任意一种或几种巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合,其中,巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺的用量占滤材6%;本实施例选用硅藻土与巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合;
所述药渣介质是将药渣与活性炭混合后制粒,再用滤材进行包被而得;
所述改性铁粉是将铁粉用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液润湿,置于28℃环境中搅拌1h,然后微波处理后,经研磨、过筛,即得。
实施例2
一种含汞废水的处理方法,具体为:先向含汞废水中加入药渣介质,然后经紫外照射55min,经过滤,将滤液曝气5h后,加入改性铁粉,经机械活化后,静置,得沉淀物和悬浮液,向悬浮液中加入药渣介质搅拌30min,反复过滤至达到排放指标;
所述的药渣介质是由以下重量原料组成:活性炭15kg、药渣10kg、滤材20kg;
所述的药渣由5kg五倍子、1kg山茱萸、10kg石榴皮、8kg苦丁茶;
所述的药渣是将五倍子、山茱萸、石榴皮粉磨后,用乙醇浸提后,取固形物经水浸提,取滤液浓缩至滤液体积1/2,经真空干燥后,粉碎,并与苦丁茶置于炒锅中炒焙15min;
所述乙醇的体积浓度为70%;
所述水浸提,其提取温度为48℃;
所述炒焙是在锅温为85℃条件下恒温炒焙;
所述的滤材为纤维、膨润土、硅藻土、阳离子交换树脂中的任意一种或几种巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合,其中,巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺的用量占滤材8%;本实施例选用纤维、膨润土与巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合;
所述药渣介质是将药渣与活性炭混合后制粒,再用滤材进行包被而得;
所述改性铁粉是将铁粉用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液润湿,置于28℃环境中搅拌1h,然后微波处理后,经研磨、过筛,即得。
实施例3
一种含汞废水的处理方法,具体为:先向含汞废水中加入药渣介质,然后经紫外照射45min,经过滤,将滤液曝气7h后,加入改性铁粉,经机械活化后,静置,得沉淀物和悬浮液,向悬浮液中加入药渣介质搅拌25min,反复过滤至达到排放指标;
所述的药渣介质是由以下重量原料组成:活性炭20kg、药渣15kg、滤材20kg;
所述的药渣由5kg五倍子、1kg山茱萸、10kg石榴皮、8kg苦丁茶;
所述的药渣是将五倍子、山茱萸、石榴皮粉磨后,用乙醇浸提后,取固形物经水浸提,取滤液浓缩至滤液体积1/2,经真空干燥后,粉碎,并与苦丁茶置于炒锅中炒焙15min;
所述乙醇的体积浓度为65%;
所述水浸提,其提取温度为48℃;
所述炒焙是在锅温为87℃条件下恒温炒焙;
所述的滤材为纤维、膨润土、硅藻土、阳离子交换树脂中的任意一种或几种巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合,其中,巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺的用量占滤材10%;本实施例选用阳离子交换树脂与巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合;
所述药渣介质是将药渣与活性炭混合后制粒,再用滤材进行包被而得;
所述改性铁粉是将铁粉用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液润湿,置于28℃环境中搅拌1h,然后微波处理后,经研磨、过筛,即得。
实施例4
一种含汞废水的处理方法,具体为:先向含汞废水中加入药渣介质,然后经紫外照射50min,经过滤,将滤液曝气6h后,加入改性铁粉,经机械活化后,静置,得沉淀物和悬浮液,向悬浮液中加入药渣介质搅拌20min,反复过滤至达到排放指标;
所述的药渣介质是由以下重量原料组成:活性炭10kg、药渣10kg、滤材10kg;
所述的药渣由5kg五倍子、1kg山茱萸、10kg石榴皮、8kg苦丁茶;
所述的药渣是将五倍子、山茱萸、石榴皮粉磨后,用乙醇浸提后,取固形物经水浸提,取滤液浓缩至滤液体积1/2,经真空干燥后,粉碎,并与苦丁茶置于炒锅中炒焙15min;
所述乙醇的体积浓度为75%;
所述水浸提,其提取温度为48℃;
所述炒焙是在锅温为90℃条件下恒温炒焙;
所述的滤材为纤维、膨润土、硅藻土、阳离子交换树脂中的任意一种或几种巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合,其中,巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺的用量占滤材8%;本实施例选用纤维、膨润土、硅藻土与巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合;
所述药渣介质是将药渣与活性炭混合后制粒,再用滤材进行包被而得;
所述改性铁粉是将铁粉用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液润湿,置于28℃环境中搅拌1h,然后微波处理后,经研磨、过筛,即得。
Claims (4)
1.一种含汞废水的处理方法,其特征在于,方法为:先向含汞废水中加入药渣介质,然后经紫外照射45-60min,经过滤,将滤液曝气5-7h后,加入改性铁粉,经机械活化后,静置,得沉淀物和悬浮液,向悬浮液中加入药渣介质搅拌20-30min,反复过滤至达到排放指标;
所述的药渣介质是由以下重量份原料组成:活性炭10-20份、药渣10-15份、滤材10-20份;
所述的药渣由5份五倍子、1份山茱萸、10份石榴皮、8份苦丁茶;
所述的药渣是将五倍子、山茱萸、石榴皮粉磨后,用乙醇浸提后,取固形物经水浸提,取滤液浓缩至滤液体积1/2,经真空干燥后,粉碎,并与苦丁茶置于炒锅中炒焙15min;
所述的滤材为纤维、膨润土、硅藻土、阳离子交换树脂中的任意一种或几种与巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺混合,其中,巯基乙酰聚乙烯亚胺的用量占滤材6-10%;
所述药渣介质是将药渣与活性炭混合后制粒,再用滤材进行包被而得;
所述改性铁粉是将铁粉用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液润湿,置于28℃环境中搅拌1h,然后微波处理后,经研磨、过筛,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的含汞废水的处理方法,其特征在于,所述乙醇的体积浓度为65-75%。
3.如权利要求1所述的含汞废水的处理方法,其特征在于,所述水浸提,其提取温度为48℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的含汞废水的处理方法,其特征在于,所述炒焙是在锅温为85-90℃条件下恒温炒焙。
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