CN106273689A - 一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106273689A
CN106273689A CN201610650143.6A CN201610650143A CN106273689A CN 106273689 A CN106273689 A CN 106273689A CN 201610650143 A CN201610650143 A CN 201610650143A CN 106273689 A CN106273689 A CN 106273689A
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料及其制备方法,该复合材料是由金属基体层和塑料层组成,金属基体层是由铁粉和铜粉与若干圆锥状增强体构成,所述圆锥状增强体的底部位于所述母体金属铁粉和铜粉的上表面,由表及里增强体的体积分数逐渐减小,增强体通过混合物颗粒预制体与母液金属的熔渗而形成;所述塑料层的成分以重量份数计,包括以下组分:石墨1‑3份,聚四氟乙烯5‑15份,聚丙烯纤维8‑12份,尼龙66 60‑70份。本发明制得的复合材料耐磨性能优异,减震性好,耐冲击性能优异,耐热、耐化学腐蚀性能好,自润滑性能佳,且对环境无害,制备成本低。

Description

一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及复合材料领域,具体的涉及一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料。
背景技术:
航空刹车材料是保证飞行器安全着陆的关键材料之一。在飞机着陆的过程中,刹车材料通过摩擦运动将飞机自身的动能转化为热能,并经外部环境传热、制动系统升温及磨损产物的排出等方式将热量传到外部环境而发挥制动作用。
近20年来,随着飞行器飞行速度与载荷的迅速增加,对航空刹车材料制动性能的要求也越来越苛刻,曾广泛用于航空刹车材料的树脂基石棉材料、致密金属材料逐渐被性能更为优良的金属基粉末冶金材料所替代。
铜基摩擦材料具有良好的导热性、耐磨性,摩擦因数高,对对偶的磨损较小等优点,广泛应用于飞机刹车装置中。在铜基摩擦材料中,Fe、SiO2一般作为摩擦组元加入到材料中用以调整摩擦因数,起着摩擦、抗磨和抗粘结的作用,但是其在大的冲击载荷下易发生脱落,使得其耐磨性能得不到有效改善,且其自润滑性能较差。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,该复合材料耐磨性好,减震性能优异,耐热、自润滑性能好。
本发明的另一个目的是提供该复合材料的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,该复合材料是由金属基体层和塑料层组成,金属基体层是由铁粉和铜粉与若干圆锥状增强体构成,所述圆锥状增强体的底部位于所述母体金属铁粉和铜粉的上表面,由表及里增强体的体积分数逐渐减小,增强体通过混合物颗粒预制体与母液金属的熔渗而形成。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述混合物颗粒以重量份计,包括二硫化钼1.5-3.5份,氮化钛1-2份,氧化硅4-8份,碳化硅1-3份。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述塑料层的成分以重量份计,包括以下组分:石墨1-3份,聚四氟乙烯5-15份,聚丙烯纤维8-12份,尼龙66 60-70份。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述金属基体层的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)制备石墨模具,其内腔形状为锥形,圆锥角为20-60°;
2)将粒度为300-600μm的混合物颗粒与铁粉末使用无水乙醇机械混合均匀,得到混合物;
3)将步骤2)制得的混合物填充于步骤1)制得的石墨模具中,100℃下烘干,然后放入真空烧结炉内,在1300-1500℃下烧结30-60min,随炉冷却至室温,打开模具,将成型后的预制体取出;
4)将步骤3)制得的圆锥状的预制体放入铸型底部,保持一定的间距,采用中频感应炉熔炼铁基和铜基金属,金属液出炉前启动真空泵,通过真空吸管对铸型型腔造成负压气氛,然后进行浇注,得到金属基体层。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤3)中,所述烧结的条件为:真空度为10-1Pa,烧结45min。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述聚丙烯纤维的直径为2-3μm,长度为10-20μm。
一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将石墨、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯纤维和尼龙66混合搅拌均匀,得到塑料层粉料;
(2)对洁净的金属基体层表面进行磷化处理,干燥后放入模压成型模具中,并将步骤(1)制得的塑料层粉料均匀平铺在模具内的金属基体层上,然后加压至1-3MPa,以5-10℃/min的速度升温至130-150℃,恒温10-20min,继续加压至4-5MPa,以10-15℃/min的速度升温至250-280℃,恒温20-40min,最后加压至8-12MPa,并以4-8℃/min的速度升温至300-310℃,恒温1-1.5h,最后在保压条件下冷却,使模具温度降到100℃以下,脱模,得到可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明制得的复合材料塑料层与金属基体层结合致密,从而使得制得的复合材料具有良好的减震性能;
(2)本发明将氧化硅、二硫化钼、氮化钛、碳化硅混合物颗粒与铁粉混合制备成圆锥状的增强体,其分散于韧性好的铜粉、铁粉基体中,增强体成梯度分布,在冲击载荷下增强体不易产生掉块或整体剥落,有效提高了复合材料的耐磨性能,且二硫化钼的加入,有效提高了复合材料的自润滑性能;
(3)该复合材料的制备方法简单,产品性质稳定,耐高温性能优异,可实现大规模生产,且对环境无害,制备成本低。
具体实施方式:
为了更好的理解本发明,下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明,实施例只用于解释本发明,不会对本发明构成任何的限定。
实施例1
一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,该复合材料是由金属基体层和塑料层组成,金属基体层是由铁粉和铜粉与若干圆锥状增强体构成,所述圆锥状增强体的底部位于所述母体金属铁粉和铜粉的上表面,由表及里增强体的体积分数逐渐减小,增强体通过混合物颗粒预制体与母液金属的熔渗而形成;
所述混合物颗粒以重量份计,包括二硫化钼1.5份,氮化钛1份,氧化硅4份,碳化硅1份;所述塑料层的成分以重量份计,包括以下组分:石墨1份,聚四氟乙烯5份,聚丙烯纤维8份,尼龙66 60份;
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)制备石墨模具,其内腔形状为锥形,圆锥角为30°,底部直径为10mm;
(2)将粒度为300μm的混合物颗粒与铁粉末使用无水乙醇机械混合均匀,得到混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合物填充于步骤1)制得的石墨模具中,100℃下烘干,然后放入真空烧结炉内,在真空度10-1Pa,1300℃下烧结30min,随炉冷却至室温,打开模具,将成型后的预制体取出;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的圆锥状的预制体放入铸型底部,保持一定的间距,采用中频感应炉熔炼铁基和铜基金属,金属液出炉前启动真空泵,通过真空吸管对铸型型腔造成负压气氛,然后进行浇注,得到金属基体层;
(5)将石墨、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯纤维和尼龙66混合搅拌均匀,得到塑料层粉料;
(6)对洁净的金属基体层表面进行磷化处理,干燥后放入模压成型模具中,并将步骤(5)制得的塑料层粉料均匀平铺在模具内的金属基体层上,然后加压至1MPa,以5℃/min的速度升温至130℃,恒温10min,继续加压至4MPa,以10℃/min的速度升温至250℃,恒温20min,最后加压至8MPa,并以4℃/min的速度升温至300℃,恒温1h,最后在保压条件下冷却,使模具温度降到100℃以下,脱模,得到可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料。
实施例2
一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,该复合材料是由金属基体层和塑料层组成,金属基体层是由铁粉和铜粉与若干圆锥状增强体构成,所述圆锥状增强体的底部位于所述母体金属铁粉和铜粉的上表面,由表及里增强体的体积分数逐渐减小,增强体通过混合物颗粒预制体与母液金属的熔渗而形成;
所述混合物颗粒以重量份计,包括二硫化钼3.5份,氮化钛2份,氧化硅8份,碳化硅3份;所述塑料层的成分以重量份计,包括以下组分:石墨3份,聚四氟乙烯15份,聚丙烯纤维12份,尼龙66 70份;
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)制备石墨模具,其内腔形状为锥形,圆锥角为30°,底部直径为10mm;
(2)将粒度为600μm的混合物颗粒与铁粉末使用无水乙醇机械混合均匀,得到混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合物填充于步骤1)制得的石墨模具中,100℃下烘干,然后放入真空烧结炉内,在真空度10-1Pa,1500℃下烧结60min,随炉冷却至室温,打开模具,将成型后的预制体取出;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的圆锥状的预制体放入铸型底部,保持一定的间距,采用中频感应炉熔炼铁基和铜基金属,金属液出炉前启动真空泵,通过真空吸管对铸型型腔造成负压气氛,然后进行浇注,得到金属基体层;
(5)将石墨、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯纤维和尼龙66混合搅拌均匀,得到塑料层粉料;
(6)对洁净的金属基体层表面进行磷化处理,干燥后放入模压成型模具中,并将步骤(5)制得的塑料层粉料均匀平铺在模具内的金属基体层上,然后加压至3MPa,以10℃/min的速度升温至150℃,恒温20min,继续加压至5MPa,以15℃/min的速度升温至280℃,恒温40min,最后加压至12MPa,并以8℃/min的速度升温至310℃,恒温1.5h,最后在保压条件下冷却,使模具温度降到100℃以下,脱模,得到可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料。
实施例3
一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,该复合材料是由金属基体层和塑料层组成,金属基体层是由铁粉和铜粉与若干圆锥状增强体构成,所述圆锥状增强体的底部位于所述母体金属铁粉和铜粉的上表面,由表及里增强体的体积分数逐渐减小,增强体通过混合物颗粒预制体与母液金属的熔渗而形成;
所述混合物颗粒以重量份计,包括二硫化钼2份,氮化钛1.2份,氧化硅5份,碳化硅1.5份;所述塑料层的成分以重量份计,包括以下组分:石墨1.5份,聚四氟乙烯7份,聚丙烯纤维9份,尼龙66 62份;
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)制备石墨模具,其内腔形状为锥形,圆锥角为45°,底部直径为15mm;
(2)将粒度为400μm的混合物颗粒与铁粉末使用无水乙醇机械混合均匀,得到混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合物填充于步骤1)制得的石墨模具中,100℃下烘干,然后放入真空烧结炉内,在真空度10-1Pa,1350℃下烧结40min,随炉冷却至室温,打开模具,将成型后的预制体取出;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的圆锥状的预制体放入铸型底部,保持一定的间距,采用中频感应炉熔炼铁基和铜基金属,金属液出炉前启动真空泵,通过真空吸管对铸型型腔造成负压气氛,然后进行浇注,得到金属基体层;
(5)将石墨、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯纤维和尼龙66混合搅拌均匀,得到塑料层粉料;
(6)对洁净的金属基体层表面进行磷化处理,干燥后放入模压成型模具中,并将步骤(5)制得的塑料层粉料均匀平铺在模具内的金属基体层上,然后加压至1.5MPa,以6℃/min的速度升温至135℃,恒温15min,继续加压至4MPa,以11℃/min的速度升温至260℃,恒温25min,最后加压至9MPa,并以5℃/min的速度升温至305℃,恒温1.1h,最后在保压条件下冷却,使模具温度降到100℃以下,脱模,得到可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料。
实施例4
一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,该复合材料是由金属基体层和塑料层组成,金属基体层是由铁粉和铜粉与若干圆锥状增强体构成,所述圆锥状增强体的底部位于所述母体金属铁粉和铜粉的上表面,由表及里增强体的体积分数逐渐减小,增强体通过混合物颗粒预制体与母液金属的熔渗而形成;
所述混合物颗粒以重量份计,包括二硫化钼2.5份,氮化钛1.4份,氧化硅6份,碳化硅2份;所述塑料层的成分以重量份计,包括以下组分:石墨2份,聚四氟乙烯9份,聚丙烯纤维10份,尼龙6664份;
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)制备石墨模具,其内腔形状为锥形,圆锥角为45°,底部直径为15mm;
(2)将粒度为500μm的混合物颗粒与铁粉末使用无水乙醇机械混合均匀,得到混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合物填充于步骤1)制得的石墨模具中,100℃下烘干,然后放入真空烧结炉内,在真空度10-1Pa,1400℃下烧结40min,随炉冷却至室温,打开模具,将成型后的预制体取出;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的圆锥状的预制体放入铸型底部,保持一定的间距,采用中频感应炉熔炼铁基和铜基金属,金属液出炉前启动真空泵,通过真空吸管对铸型型腔造成负压气氛,然后进行浇注,得到金属基体层;
(5)将石墨、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯纤维和尼龙66混合搅拌均匀,得到塑料层粉料;
(6)对洁净的金属基体层表面进行磷化处理,干燥后放入模压成型模具中,并将步骤(5)制得的塑料层粉料均匀平铺在模具内的金属基体层上,然后加压至2MPa,以7℃/min的速度升温至140℃,恒温10min,继续加压至5MPa,以12℃/min的速度升温至270℃,恒温30min,最后加压至10MPa,并以6℃/min的速度升温至310℃,恒温1.2h,最后在保压条件下冷却,使模具温度降到100℃以下,脱模,得到可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料。
实施例5
一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,该复合材料是由金属基体层和塑料层组成,金属基体层是由铁粉和铜粉与若干圆锥状增强体构成,所述圆锥状增强体的底部位于所述母体金属铁粉和铜粉的上表面,由表及里增强体的体积分数逐渐减小,增强体通过混合物颗粒预制体与母液金属的熔渗而形成;
所述混合物颗粒以重量份计,包括二硫化钼2.8份,氮化钛1.8份,氧化硅7份,碳化硅2.5份;所述塑料层的成分以重量份计,包括以下组分:石墨2.5份,聚四氟乙烯13份,聚丙烯纤维11份,尼龙66 66份;
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)制备石墨模具,其内腔形状为锥形,圆锥角为60°,底部直径为20mm;
(2)将粒度为600μm的混合物颗粒与铁粉末使用无水乙醇机械混合均匀,得到混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合物填充于步骤1)制得的石墨模具中,100℃下烘干,然后放入真空烧结炉内,在真空度10-1Pa,1450℃下烧结55min,随炉冷却至室温,打开模具,将成型后的预制体取出;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的圆锥状的预制体放入铸型底部,保持一定的间距,采用中频感应炉熔炼铁基和铜基金属,金属液出炉前启动真空泵,通过真空吸管对铸型型腔造成负压气氛,然后进行浇注,得到金属基体层;
(5)将石墨、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯纤维和尼龙66混合搅拌均匀,得到塑料层粉料;
(6)对洁净的金属基体层表面进行磷化处理,干燥后放入模压成型模具中,并将步骤(5)制得的塑料层粉料均匀平铺在模具内的金属基体层上,然后加压至2.5MPa,以8℃/min的速度升温至145℃,恒温20min,继续加压至4MPa,以14℃/min的速度升温至270℃,恒温35min,最后加压至11MPa,并以7℃/min的速度升温至310℃,恒温1.4h,最后在保压条件下冷却,使模具温度降到100℃以下,脱模,得到可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料。

Claims (7)

1.一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料是由金属基体层和塑料层组成,金属基体层是由铁粉和铜粉与若干圆锥状增强体构成,所述圆锥状增强体的底部位于所述母体金属铁粉和铜粉的上表面,由表及里增强体的体积分数逐渐减小,增强体通过混合物颗粒预制体与母液金属的熔渗而形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,其特征在于,所述混合物颗粒以重量份计,包括二硫化钼1.5-3.5份,氮化钛1-2份,氧化硅4-8份,碳化硅1-3份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,其特征在于,所述塑料层的成分以重量份计,包括以下组分:石墨1-3份,聚四氟乙烯5-15份,聚丙烯纤维8-12份,尼龙66 60-70份。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,其特征在于,所述金属基体层的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)制备石墨模具,其内腔形状为锥形,圆锥角为20-60°;
2)将粒度为300-600μm的混合物颗粒与铁粉末使用无水乙醇机械混合均匀,得到混合物;
3)将步骤2)制得的混合物填充于步骤1)制得的石墨模具中,100℃下烘干,然后放入真空烧结炉内,在1300-1500℃下烧结30-60min,随炉冷却至室温,打开模具,将成型后的预制体取出;
4)将步骤3)制得的圆锥状的预制体放入铸型底部,保持一定的间距,采用中频感应炉熔炼铁基和铜基金属,金属液出炉前启动真空泵,通过真空吸管对铸型型腔造成负压气氛,然后进行浇注,得到金属基体层。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,其特征在于,步骤3)中,所述烧结的条件为:真空度为10-1Pa,烧结45min。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚丙烯纤维的直径为2-3μm,长度为10-20μm。
7.如权利要求1至6任一所述的一种可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将石墨、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯纤维和尼龙66混合搅拌均匀,得到塑料层粉料;
(2)对洁净的金属基体层表面进行磷化处理,干燥后放入模压成型模具中,并将步骤(1)制得的塑料层粉料均匀平铺在模具内的金属基体层上,然后加压至1-3MPa,以5-10℃/min的速度升温至130-150℃,恒温10-20min,继续加压至4-5MPa,以10-15℃/min的速度升温至250-280℃,恒温20-40min,最后加压至8-12MPa,并以4-8℃/min的速度升温至300-310℃,恒温1-1.5h,最后在保压条件下冷却,使模具温度降到100℃以下,脱模,得到可用于刹车片的减震耐磨自润滑复合材料。
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