CN106268287B - 一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,该产品具有生产简单、使用成本较低、作用效果显著等优势,有助于解决目前存在的猪养殖环境污染难题。本发明优势在于充分利用复方中草药及益生菌发酵的协同作用,还包括吸附剂强有力的吸附作用,能有效去除养殖场内的NH3、H2S、CH4等10多种恶臭气体,除臭效果较好;采用固体除臭剂和液体除臭剂相结合的方式,即可以通过液体除臭剂提高治理面积,又可以通过固体除臭剂对重污染区进行重点治理,既有效又方便;该除臭剂渗透能力强,克服了传统除臭剂由于渗透性能差而不能充分与畜禽粪接触的缺点;安全性更高,可以长时间持续效果,维持力好,且对养殖场内的微生物活动没有不良影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,属生物工程领域。
背景技术
我国在20世纪90年代后期,畜禽业有了迅速的发展;畜禽养殖量的逐年上升,提高了人们的生活水平,而集约化和规模化的畜禽养殖却严重影响了周围居民的生活环境。由于没有完善的减排技术和有效的管理措施,使得大量的养殖场粪尿随意排放,严重侵蚀土壤、污染水质,尤其是粪污在厌氧发酵过程中产生的恶臭气体,会降低畜禽的免疫力、代谢能力及生产性能,同时容易导致周边居民患呼吸系统疾病。随着人们环保关注意识的提高,国内的畜禽恶臭投诉事件频繁发生,其投诉量在整个投诉案件中位居第二,已经成了一个严重的社会、环境问题。
现如今我国对畜禽养殖恶臭气体处理的研究很多,针对我国目前除臭技术的发展状况来看,生物法将会成为未来的发展趋势。然而,随着畜禽养殖场恶臭气体的成分的日益复杂,生物法还有些方面需要完善,例如寻找更加稳定、高效、经济的微生物来提高恶臭气体的去除效率;如何选择更高效的生物过滤器填料,使其不但可以增大填料的比表面积,还可以增强其吸附能力;考虑在单一处理方式的基础上配合其他方法使用,以达到更好地去除恶臭的效果;开发更节能、高效的设备、装置等,这些问题都将是我们今后研究所需要解决的。
发明内容
为克服现有猪养殖场除臭技术中的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,该产品具有生产简单、使用成本较低、作用效果显著等优势,有助于解决目前存在的猪养殖环境污染难题,推进生猪养殖绿色可持续发展。
本发明上述目的是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
本发明提供一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,其特征在于充分利用复方中草药及益生菌发酵的协同作用,有效去除养殖恶臭。
本发明提供一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,其特征在于所述复方中草药的质量组分为:丝兰20~30份、香樟18~22份、薄荷20~25份、紫苏15~20份、黄柏15~20份、丁香10~15份、菌陈8~12份、百里香8~12份、甘草6~10份、贯众6~10份、荆芥3~5份。
本发明提供一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,其特征在于所述益生菌为酵母菌、EM菌剂、硝化细菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌的混合菌剂。
本发明提供一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,其特征在于通过如下步骤制备:
(1)中草药预处理:将中草药原料分拣,粉碎过100目筛;
(2)配料:按上述比例准确配料,混合均匀,并加入中草药原料5倍质量比的纯净水;
(3)超声波辅助酶解:加入中草药原料质量比3~5%纤维素酶、2~3%非淀粉多糖酶,在超声波辅助条件下酶解30~60min,酶解温度控制在40~60℃;
(4)生物发酵剂制备:取3~5份磷酸二氢钙、4~6份发酵豆粕、10~15份米糠、10~15份玉米粉、3~5份菜籽饼、8~10份麸皮、3~5份EM菌剂、2~3份酵母菌、1~2份植物乳杆菌、2~3份地衣芽孢杆菌、1~2份硝化细菌,混合搅拌均匀;然后用含有2%糖蜜的水溶液将水分调整为35~40%,25~30℃下厌氧发酵3~5d;
(5)发酵:向中草药浸提液中加入2~3份生物发酵剂,通风发酵30~60min,然后厌氧发酵4~6h,发酵过程中控制温度28~35℃,并定期搅拌;
(6)过滤:发酵结束后将发酵液过滤,所得液体即为液体除臭剂;
(7)复配:将步骤(6)过滤后的固体残渣中加入20份吸附剂,得固体除臭剂;
(8)干燥:将复配后的固体除臭剂干燥即得固体除臭剂成品。
上述步骤(7)中所述的吸附剂是沸石、活性炭、膨润土、蛭石中的一种或几种。
本发明提供一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,其特征在于除臭剂的应用方法为:先将液体除臭剂在养殖场区域内均匀喷洒,然后将附体除臭剂均匀敷设在养殖场的粪污之上。
本发明的有益效果:一是本发明充分利用复方中草药及益生菌发酵的协同作用,既有中草药活性成分与恶臭气体之间的化学反应,又有益生菌生物降解和吸附作用,还包括吸附剂强有力的吸附作用,能有效去除养殖场内的NH3、H2S、CH4等10多种恶臭气体,除臭效果较好;二是采用固体除臭剂和液体除臭剂相结合的方式,即可以通过液体除臭剂提高治理面积,又可以通过固体除臭剂对重污染区进行重点治理,既有效又方便;三是该除臭剂喷施在粪便上面,能在畜禽粪上形成一层薄膜,阻断臭气分子向外扩散,便于除臭剂与臭气分子反应,提高了除臭效率;四是该除臭剂不但能通过化学反应除去已有的恶臭气体分子,而且能抑制新的臭气分子的产生,能从源头上消除臭气分子的危害;五是该除臭剂渗透能力强,克服了传统除臭剂由于渗透性能差而不能充分与畜禽粪接触的缺点;六是安全性更高,釆用植物中提取的天然产物成分避免使用传统除臭剂中含有对人体、环境有害物的不足(硝酸盐、磷酸盐等);七是产品挥发度低,可以长时间持续效果,维持力好,且对养殖场内的微生物活动没有不良影响。
不同的中草药性味各异,功效存在着巨大的差异,不同的中草药组合后存在着复杂的相互作用关系,且中草药之间的配比比较密切,不同配比也将使君臣佐使关系发生实质性的变化,从而使复合中草药的关系发生实质性的改变。本发明提供一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,严格遵循君臣使佐的配伍原则,通过科学配伍丝兰、香樟、薄荷、紫苏、黄柏、丁香、菌陈、百里香、甘草、贯众、荆芥等中草药,通过中草药之间的复杂相互关系,使本申请产品取得了技术人员在常规试验下无法预料到的技术效果。试验结果表明改变中草药组成或比例会显著降低产品作用效果(P<0.01)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1:
一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,通过以下步骤制备:
(1)中草药预处理:将中草药原料分拣,粉碎过100目筛;
(2)配料:按丝兰30份、香樟18份、薄荷25份、紫苏15份、黄柏20份、丁香10份、菌陈12份、百里香8份、甘草10份、贯众6份、荆芥5份比例准确配料,混合均匀,并加入中草药原料5倍质量比的纯净水;
(3)超声波辅助酶解:加入中草药原料质量比5%纤维素酶、3%非淀粉多糖酶,在超声波辅助条件下酶解30min,酶解温度控制在40~60℃;
(4)生物发酵剂制备:取5份磷酸二氢钙、4份发酵豆粕、15份米糠、10份玉米粉、5份菜籽饼、8份麸皮、5份EM菌剂、3份酵母菌、2份植物乳杆菌、3份地衣芽孢杆菌、2份硝化细菌,混合搅拌均匀;然后用含有2%糖蜜的水溶液将水分调整为35~40%,25~30℃下厌氧发酵3d;
(5)发酵:向中草药浸提液中加入3份生物发酵剂,通风发酵30min,然后厌氧发酵4h,发酵过程中控制温度28~35℃,并定期搅拌;
(6)过滤:发酵结束后将发酵液过滤,所得液体即为液体除臭剂;
(7)复配:将步骤(6)过滤后的固体残渣中加入20份沸石,得固体除臭剂;
(8)干燥:将复配后的固体除臭剂干燥即得固体除臭剂成品。
实施例2:
一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,通过以下步骤制备:
(1)中草药预处理:将中草药原料分拣,粉碎过100目筛;
(2)配料:按丝兰20份、香樟22份、薄荷20份、紫苏20份、黄柏15份、丁香15份、菌陈8份、百里香12份、甘草6份、贯众10份、荆芥3份比例准确配料,混合均匀,并加入中草药原料5倍质量比的纯净水;
(3)超声波辅助酶解:加入中草药原料质量比3%纤维素酶、2%非淀粉多糖酶,在超声波辅助条件下酶解60min,酶解温度控制在40~60℃;
(4)生物发酵剂制备:取3份磷酸二氢钙、6份发酵豆粕、10份米糠、15份玉米粉、3份菜籽饼、10份麸皮、3份EM菌剂、2份酵母菌、1份植物乳杆菌、2份地衣芽孢杆菌、1份硝化细菌,混合搅拌均匀;然后用含有2%糖蜜的水溶液将水分调整为35~40%,25~30℃下厌氧发酵5d;
(5)发酵:向中草药浸提液中加入2份生物发酵剂,通风发酵60min,然后厌氧发酵6h,发酵过程中控制温度28~35℃,并定期搅拌;
(6)过滤:发酵结束后将发酵液过滤,所得液体即为液体除臭剂;
(7)复配:将步骤(6)过滤后的固体残渣中加入20份活性炭,得固体除臭剂;
(8)干燥:将复配后的固体除臭剂干燥即得固体除臭剂成品。
实施例3:
一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的新方法,通过以下步骤制备:
(1)中草药预处理:将中草药原料分拣,粉碎过100目筛;
(2)配料:按丝兰25份、香樟20份、薄荷23份、紫苏18份、黄柏17份、丁香12份、菌陈10份、百里香10份、甘草8份、贯众8份、荆芥4份比例准确配料,混合均匀,并加入中草药原料5倍质量比的纯净水;
(3)超声波辅助酶解:加入中草药原料质量比4%纤维素酶、2.5%非淀粉多糖酶,在超声波辅助条件下酶解45min,酶解温度控制在40~60℃;
(4)生物发酵剂制备:取4份磷酸二氢钙、5份发酵豆粕、12份米糠、13份玉米粉、4份菜籽饼、9份麸皮、4份EM菌剂、2.5份酵母菌、1.5份植物乳杆菌、2.5份地衣芽孢杆菌、1.5份硝化细菌,混合搅拌均匀;然后用含有2%糖蜜的水溶液将水分调整为35~40%,25~30℃下厌氧发酵4d;
(5)发酵:向中草药浸提液中加入2.5份生物发酵剂,通风发酵45min,然后厌氧发酵5h,发酵过程中控制温度28~35℃,并定期搅拌;
(6)过滤:发酵结束后将发酵液过滤,所得液体即为液体除臭剂;
(7)复配:将步骤(6)过滤后的固体残渣中加入20份膨润土,得固体除臭剂;
(8)干燥:将复配后的固体除臭剂干燥即得固体除臭剂成品。
以下以试验数据说明本发明取得的技术效果:
试验组 | H<sub>2</sub>S去除率(%) | 氨氮去除率(%) | 甲硫醇去除率(%) | 持续时长(d) |
实施例1 | 96.51 | 94.25 | 90.12 | 25 |
实施例2 | 97.12 | 95.11 | 91.23 | 25 |
实施例3 | 98.03 | 95.38 | 92.08 | 25 |
改变中草药组成试验Ⅰ组 | 89.34 | 80.21 | 74.23 | 15 |
改变中草药组成试验Ⅱ组 | 82.34 | 79.56 | 78.44 | 15 |
无益生菌发酵组 | 84.23 | 78.67 | 68.23 | 15 |
改变复合菌剂组成试验Ⅰ组 | 85.34 | 81.24 | 81.08 | 19 |
改变复合菌剂组成试验Ⅱ组 | 86.21 | 76.34 | 74.43 | 19 |
无复方中草药试验组 | 82.65 | 72.98 | 65.31 | 18 |
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对被发明进行了详细的说明,但对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而对这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种减少养殖场恶臭气体产生的方法,其特征在于充分利用复方中草药及益生菌发酵的协同作用,制备复合除臭剂,有效去除养殖恶臭;其中所述复方中草药的质量组分为:丝兰25份、香樟20份、薄荷23份、紫苏18份、黄柏17份、丁香12份、菌陈10份、百里香10份、甘草8份、贯众8份、荆芥4份;所述益生菌为酵母菌、EM菌剂、硝化细菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌的混合菌剂;所述除臭剂通过如下步骤制备:
(1)中草药预处理:将中草药原料分拣,粉碎过100目筛;
(2)配料:按比例准确配料,混合均匀,并加入中草药原料5倍质量比的纯净水;
(3)超声波辅助酶解:加入中草药原料质量比4%纤维素酶、2.5%非淀粉多糖酶,在超声波辅助条件下酶解45min,酶解温度控制在40~60℃;
(4)生物发酵剂制备:取4份磷酸二氢钙、5份发酵豆粕、12份米糠、13份玉米粉、4份菜籽饼、9份麸皮、4份EM菌剂、2.5份酵母菌、1.5份植物乳杆菌、2.5份地衣芽孢杆菌、1.5份硝化细菌,混合搅拌均匀;然后用含有2%糖蜜的水溶液将水分调整为35~40%,25~30℃下厌氧发酵4d;
(5)发酵:向中草药浸提液中加入2.5份生物发酵剂,通风发酵45min,然后厌氧发酵5h,发酵过程中控制温度28~35℃,并定期搅拌;
(6)过滤:发酵结束后将发酵液过滤,所得液体即为液体除臭剂;
(7)复配:将步骤(6)过滤后的固体残渣中加入20份膨润土,得固体除臭剂;
(8)干燥:将复配后的固体除臭剂干燥即得固体除臭剂成品;
所述除臭剂的应用方法为:先将液体除臭剂在养殖场区域内均匀喷洒,然后将固体除臭剂均匀敷设在养殖场的粪污之上。
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