CN106251912B - Proton conductor ceramic membrane-based self-loop tritium target system - Google Patents
Proton conductor ceramic membrane-based self-loop tritium target system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106251912B CN106251912B CN201610671119.0A CN201610671119A CN106251912B CN 106251912 B CN106251912 B CN 106251912B CN 201610671119 A CN201610671119 A CN 201610671119A CN 106251912 B CN106251912 B CN 106251912B
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- tritium
- hto
- proton conductor
- negative electrode
- anode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/15—Particle injectors for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions, e.g. pellet injectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/19—Targets for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions, e.g. pellets for irradiation by laser or charged particle beams
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a proton conductor ceramic membrane-based self-loop tritium target system which is mainly suitable for a deuterium and tritium fusion neutron generator. In the proton conductor ceramic membrane-based self-loop tritium target system, a proton conductor ceramic membrane is used as a core part of a tritium target, and the proton conductor ceramic membrane consists of a compact oxide ceramic solid electrolyte and two porous electrodes. A self-loop process comprises the following steps: tritiated water is ionized into tritium ions on an anode via an external power source, and the tritium ions are reduced into tritium atoms and subjected to deuterium and tritium fusion due to bombardment of a deuterium beam after spreading in the porous anodes and migrating to a cathode. Tritium which does not participate in a fusion reaction are oxidized into the tritiated water via a purifying system, and the tritiated water is recycled back to the anode and reused after being collected. Via the proton conductor ceramic membrane-based self-loop tritium target system, operating temperature of the tritium target can be improved to 800 DEG C and 1000 DEG C, cyclic utilization of tritium is realized, and a utilization rate of tritium can be greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of self-loopa tritium containment system, and in particular to it is a kind of based on proton conductor ceramic membrane from
Circulation tritium containment system, is mainly used in the tritium containment system of deuterium tritium Fusion Neutron generator.
Background technology
Deuterium tritium fusion reaction 14.1MeV accelerators for neutron production can be measured in Nuclear Data, gathered as a kind of important neutron source
Become the various aspects such as the research of heap material radiation damage, semiconductor nuclear hardening, radioactive breeding, treatment of cancer.Tritium containment system is this
Plant the key technology of accelerator for neutron production.The tritium target for using at present is typically made tritiated titanium target with the adsorptive gaseous tritium of titanium material.Used
Cheng Zhong, due to being bombarded by deuterium ion stream, heat flow density is up to kW/cm2Magnitude is, it is necessary to tritium target has heat endurance higher.And
There are problems in used tritiated titanium target：(1) titanium tritide formed on titanium film by tritium absorption, its obvious decomposition temperature is 343
DEG C, when temperature reaches 343 DEG C, tritium therein starts a large amount of releases.Tritium gas is caused in order to prevent temperature overheating from target piece
Release, it is generally recognized that must be by temperature control below 200 DEG C.(2) must be entered with the container of high sealing in target piece production process
Row contains, and is otherwise difficult to protect gaseous state tritium；(3) when tritium target fails, wherein the tritium that D-T reactions occur can almost be ignored
Disregard, the practical efficiency of the tritium in tritium target is less than 0.5%；(4) tritium of reaction is had neither part nor lot in, only 20% enters tritium cleaning system
System, remaining 80% tritium cannot be utilized in still remaining in tritium target.Above reason causes tritiated titanium target expensive and short life.To overcome
A variety of deficiencies of tritiated titanium target, a kind of new tritium target urgently design and development.And SOFC (SOFC) is new
The design of type tritium target provides thinking.
SOFC is a kind of all solid state system, main to include fine and close solid electrolyte, porous the moon
Pole and the critical material such as anode and fine and close connecting material.The difference of the carrier according to electrolyte conducts, soild oxide combustion
Material battery can be divided into oxonium ion (SOFC-O2 -) and proton conduction (SOFC-H+) type fuel cell.For proton conduction type fuel
Battery, its operation principle is：
In anode H2+2O0 ×=2OH ˙+2e-
Electronics is gone out by the proton release of Lattice Oxygen ion capture, and by anode-electrolyte interface, is passed in electrolyte
It is defeated, and reach negative electrode and oxygen and react generation water.
4OH˙+O2+4e-=2H2O+4O0 ×
After SOFC (SOFC) concept in 1899 is suggested first, solid electrolyte film is more
Individual field obtains considerable application.Ge Ciman (Gottzmann) et al. submissions and typically transfer, it is entitled " to utilize solid electrolyte
In the United States Patent (USP) (application number 08/848,200) of the method that film produces hydrogen ", disclose using ion-conductive membranes and other equipment
Or the combination of process, to improve yield or efficiency.Derna ties up strange (Drnevich) et al. submission and general transfer, entitled
United States Patent (USP) (the application number 08/ of " using the solid electrolyte film production oxidation product and electricity-generating method combined with combustion gas turbine "
848,258) in, the combination with ion-conductive membranes using combustion gas turbine is disclosed.Between nearest twenty or thirty year, based on proton conduction
The research of material also begins to gradually heat up.Shanghai Communications University is in patent " preparation method of proton-conducting material " (application number
CN200910308552 propose for proton conduction technique to be applied to field of inorganic nonmetallic material in).The present invention is investigated more than
On the basis of, a set of self-circulation system has been invented in design, proton conductor ceramic membrane can be applied into tritium target, substantially increases tritium target
Temperature in use and tritium utilization rate.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of self-loopa tritium containment system based on proton conductor ceramic membrane, deuterium is mainly used in
Tritium Fusion Neutron generator target system, to improve temperature in use and tritium utilization rate.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of self-loopa tritium containment system based on proton conductor ceramic membrane, including：
HTO feed system, HTO ionization and tritium ion conducting system, external power supply, tritium recovering and purifying system；Described HTO ionization
And tritium ion conducting system is in vacuum chamber；The positive pole and negative pole of external power supply are ionized and tritium ion conduction system with HTO respectively
Anode and the negative electrode connection of system；HTO feed system, tritium recovering and purifying system, HTO ionization and the sealing of tritium ion conducting system connect
Connect to form a self circular loop.
Further, HTO ionization and tritium ion conducting system are used but are not limited to zinc doping zirconic acid salt system as proton
The electrolyte of conductive ceramic film, used as anode material, perovskite makees cathode material to metal-ceramic, and special stainless steel makees connection material
Material.
Further, by building self-circulation system, the tritium ion that will have neither part nor lot in fusion reaction is tritium gas in cathodic reduction,
Tritium cleaning system is drawn into by vacuum plant and HTO is oxidized to once again, Posterior circle time HTO feed system is reclaimed and is continued to make
With；The tritium amount that participation deuterium tritium fusion reaction is consumed is few, and the HTO in HTO feed system can be supplemented without extraneous for a long time.
Principle of the invention is：
Self-loopa tritium containment system is built by stainless steel and quartz glass, using proton conductor ceramic membrane as tritium target core
Part.Its self-loopa process is as follows：HTO is fed into HTO ionization with certain speed for HTO feed system and tritium ion conducts
The tritium ion that the anode HTO ionization of system is produced is migrated under extra electric field driving by proton conductor ceramic membrane dielectric substrate
To after negative electrode, it is reduced to tritium atom and diffuses to electrode surface, deuterium tritium fusion is occurred by the bombardment of deuterium line.And negative electrode is not joined
Continue to react generation tritium gas with the tritium atom of fusion reaction, tritium is oxidized to once again by the high-temperature oxydation copper of tritium recovering and purifying system
Water, collects Posterior circle time anode and is continuing with.Wherein, proton conductor ceramic membrane is in sandwich structure, is by fine and close oxide
Ceramiic solid electrolyte and two porous electrodes are constituted.By the tritium amount that participation deuterium tritium fusion reaction is consumed is few, HTO is supplied
Can be supplemented without extraneous for a long time to the HTO in system.By adjusting applied voltage, tritium ion migration rate and deuterium tritium can be made
Reaction rate matches, and maximizes tritium utilization rate.
The part such as proton conductor ceramic membrane solid electrolyte, negative electrode, anode and connecting material in self-loopa tritium containment system
All it is influence tritium target performance and the key factor in life-span.In order to equilibrium proton transfer rate is steady in carbon dioxide and water with material
It is qualitative, can use but be not limited to electrolyte of the zinc doping zirconic acid salt system as proton conductor ceramic membrane, metal-ceramic conduct
Anode material, perovskite makees cathode material, and special stainless steel and quartz glass tube make connecting material.
Present invention advantage compared with prior art is：
(1) the tritium target operating temperature of this system of the invention can be improved to 800-1000 DEG C.
(2) tritium-thermal desorption is caused present invention, avoiding temperature overheating, while realizing the recycling of tritium, is carried significantly
The utilization rate of tritium high.
(3) negative electrode of the present invention is put tritium speed and can be adjusted by changing applied voltage, is allowed to and deuterium tritium fusion reaction speed
Rate matches.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is agent structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is that HTO of the invention is ionized and tritium ion conducting system schematic diagram.
Wherein：1. HTO feed system, 2. tritium recovering and purifying system, 3. additional power source, 4. HTO ionization and tritium ion are passed
Guiding systems, 5. oxygen outlet, 6. negative electrode, 7. proton conductor electrolyte, 8. anode.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of self-loopa tritium containment system based on proton conductor ceramic membrane of the present invention, including HTO
Feed system 1, tritium recovering and purifying system 2, the ionization of additional power source 3, HTO and tritium ion conducting system 4；Wherein, HTO ionization and
Tritium ion conducting system 4 is in vacuum chamber, and HTO ionization and tritium ion conducting system 4 include negative electrode 6, proton conductor electrolyte
7 and anode 8, proton conductor electrolyte 7 is between negative electrode 6 and anode 8；The positive pole and negative pole of external power supply 3 are electric with HTO respectively
From and the anode 8 and negative electrode 6 of tritium ion conducting system 4 connect；HTO feed system 1, tritium recovering and purifying system 2 respectively with HTO
Ionization and tritium ion conducting system 4 are tightly connected, and tritium recovering and purifying system 2 is tightly connected with HTO feed system 1, form one
Circulation loop.
Specific implementation example：External power supply 3 is opened, while starting self-loopa tritium containment system.HTO is by HTO feed system 1
Ionized into HTO with certain flow velocity and tritium ion conducting system 4 and infiltrate into anode 8, in the presence of extra electric field, HTO
The tritium ion for producing is ionized to be migrated by proton conductor electrolyte 7, wherein, proton conductor electrolyte 7 is fine and close oxidation
Thing ceramiic solid electrolyte, anode 8 and negative electrode 6 are porous electrode, and the oxygen that anode electrolysis are produced by oxygen permeation membrane from oxygen
Gas outlet 5 discharges and collects；In the presence of electric field, tritium ion is migrated to proton conductor electrolysis by proton conductor electrolyte 7
Matter 7 and the interface of negative electrode 6.Tritium ion obtains electronics and is reduced to tritium atom in the side of negative electrode 6, and negative electrode 6 is diffused to by loose structure
Surface and meet with deuterium line bombardment occur deuterium tritium fusion.And the tritium atom that the surface of negative electrode 6 has neither part nor lot in fusion reaction is combined into hydrogen
Gas, departs from electrode and is drawn into tritium recovering and purifying system 2 by vacuum plant, and be reduced to once again by high-temperature oxydation copper herein
HTO, HTO collection loops back HTO feed system 1 and is continuing with.
What the present invention was not elaborated partly belongs to techniques well known.
Although being described to illustrative specific embodiment of the invention above, in order to the technology people of this technology neck
Member understands the present invention, it should be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the scope of specific embodiment, to the ordinary skill of the art
For personnel, as long as various change is in appended claim restriction and the spirit and scope of the present invention for determining, these changes
Change is it will be apparent that all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of self-loopa tritium containment system based on proton conductor ceramic membrane, including：HTO feed system (1), HTO ionization and
Tritium ion conducting system (4), external power supply (3), tritium recovering and purifying system (2)；It is characterized in that：Described HTO ionization and tritium
Ionic conduction system (4) is in vacuum chamber；The HTO ionization and tritium ion conducting system (4) are led including negative electrode (6), proton
Body electrolyte (7) and anode (8), the proton conductor electrolyte (7) is between negative electrode (6) and anode (8)；External power supply (3)
Positive pole and negative pole be connected with HTO ionization and the anode (8) and negative electrode (6) of tritium ion conducting system (4) respectively；HTO is supplied
System (1), tritium recovering and purifying system (2) are tightly connected with HTO ionization and tritium ion conducting system (4) respectively, tritium reclaiming clean
System (2) is tightly connected with HTO feed system (1), forms a circulation loop；When self-loopa tritium containment system is started, HTO
Enter HTO with certain flow velocity by HTO feed system (1) to ionize and tritium ion conducting system (4) and infiltrate into anode (8),
In the presence of extra electric field, the tritium ion that HTO ionization is produced is migrated by proton conductor electrolyte (7), wherein, matter
Sub- conductor electrolyte (7) is fine and close oxide ceramics solid electrolyte, and anode (8) and negative electrode (6) are porous electrode, and positive
The oxygen that pole electrolysis is produced is discharged and collected by oxygen permeation membrane from oxygen outlet (5)；In the presence of electric field, tritium ion passes through matter
Sub- conductor electrolyte (7), migrates to proton conductor electrolyte (7) and negative electrode (6) interface；Tritium ion obtains electricity in negative electrode (6) side
Son is reduced to tritium atom, and the bombardment for diffusing to negative electrode (6) surface by loose structure and meeting with deuterium line occurs deuterium tritium fusion；
And the tritium atom that negative electrode (6) surface has neither part nor lot in fusion reaction is combined into hydrogen, departs from electrode and tritium is drawn into by vacuum plant and return
Cleaning system (2) is received, and HTO is reduced to once again by high-temperature oxydation copper herein, HTO is collected and loops back HTO feed system
(1) it is continuing with.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610671119.0A CN106251912B (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2016-08-15 | Proton conductor ceramic membrane-based self-loop tritium target system |
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| CN201610671119.0A CN106251912B (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2016-08-15 | Proton conductor ceramic membrane-based self-loop tritium target system |
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| CN106251912A CN106251912A (en) | 2016-12-21 |
| CN106251912B true CN106251912B (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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| CN201610671119.0A Expired - Fee Related CN106251912B (en) | 2016-08-15 | 2016-08-15 | Proton conductor ceramic membrane-based self-loop tritium target system |
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Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59174503A (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1984-10-03 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | Recovering method of tritium from tritium water |
| JPS62210039A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1987-09-16 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | Method for extracting and transferring tritium |
| CN202989295U (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2013-06-12 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Electrolysis concentration apparatus for tritium in environmental water |
| CN104602438B (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2017-07-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | One kind inhales tritium target piece preparation method |
| CN104602439A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-06 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Rotation tritium target device cooled by gallium-indium liquid metal |
| CN104918403A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-16 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Pulsed neutron generator |
| CN204898092U (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-23 | 环境保护部核与辐射安全中心 | HTO electrolysis equipment of concentrating |
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Inventor after: Wu Yican Inventor after: Ji Xiang Inventor after: Jiang Jieqiong Inventor after: Wang Chao Inventor after: Wang Shufen Inventor before: Ji Xiang Inventor before: Wu Yican Inventor before: Jiang Jieqiong Inventor before: Wang Chao Inventor before: Wang Shufen |
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Granted publication date: 20170524 Termination date: 20210815 |