CN1062504C

CN1062504C - A method for compacting powders and apparatus thereof

Info

Publication number: CN1062504C
Application number: CN95197362A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卡洛·安东尼奥·卡莫拉尼; 马利斯·阿尔杰里
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1994-11-22
Filing date: 1995-11-20
Publication date: 2001-02-28
Anticipated expiration: 2015-11-20
Also published as: AU4174396A; IT1269274B; CN1173154A; ITMO940159A1; WO1996015888A1; DE69529997D1; BR9509806A; EP0793565A1; EP0793565B1; ITMO940159A0

Abstract

A method for compacting powders comprises forming a layer (8, 8a) of powders on conveying means (2) which conveys it to a die (9), isolating a portion of said layer (8, 8a) inside a frame (11) of said die (9), by bringing said frame (11) adjacent to said conveying means (2), and compacting the portion of said layer (8, 8a) isolated by said frame (11), by means of a punch (10) of said die, descending inside said frame (11); an apparatus for forming ceramic articles comprises conveying means (2) for conveying a layer of powders (8, 8a) to a die (9), said die (9) comprising a punch (10) movable in a substantially orthogonal direction to said layer (8, 8a), associated with a relative cross-member (62) to cause the pressing of the powders and a frame (11), movable in a substantially orthogonal direction to said layer (8, 8a) independently of said punch (10), inwardly slidably engageable with said punch, serving as isolating means for isolating a portion of said layer (8, 8a) on said conveying means (2).

Description

The method of compacted powder and equipment thereof

The present invention relates to a kind of method of powder forming and relevant equipment thereof of making, that is, make the pottery of compacting, the production process of the brick and tile of particularly paving the way or the brick and tile of lining.

Manufacturing process of the prior art is before powder is pressed into closely knit article, earlier in one or more stage, in the die body of the mould of ceramic material shaping usefulness, fill powder (or mixture of powder) and granular materials, send to then and fire, sometimes, be after super-dry, to fire again.

This method must have the time of very long wait filling mould, but also must push ahead with the dolly of a lot of dispense powders, so that filling mould, then, in order to allow the drift of forcing press descend, above-mentioned dolly also must be return with suitable speed, to avoid upsetting the distribution of the powder below it.

Load mould with dolly is to make the people satisfied at all because it at all can not be as requested dispense powders equably.This mainly is because the mixing of these powder and/or along with uncontrollable displacement of the motion of dolly is to be decided by many factors of changing along with the time in inscrutable mode, for example, environmental condition, perhaps want the physical state of processed powders, and the speed of the granularity of powder, humidity, injection or the like.

In addition, also must comprise an exhaust phase in the stroke of forcing press, promptly, this section stroke that begins to enter mould at drift in down stroke must underspeed, make the air of this a pile powder inside can be forced out, this is that when drift stopped to exert pressure, this airbag can cause bursting apart of goods for fear of the airbag that forms lens-shaped in the inside of this a pile powder.

In addition, use the method for prior art,, also involve particle, or dusty material, or particle etc. is assigned to the very problem of difficulty that gets in the surface of the goods that will pressurize even will obtain very simple color effect.In fact, must use very complicated and expensive device, so that the powder that many layers of packing in the mold body of forcing press overlap each other, make productivity ratio reduce greatly and cost increases greatly.

If can eliminate shortcoming, just can improve prior art greatly with soil.

By the above as can be known, need the method for a kind of new press-making ceramic products of invention to solve above-mentioned technical problem, this new method can obtain of great value aesthetic effect, keeps very high productivity ratio simultaneously again, and improves the quality.All these will be finished on a production equipment, and this equipment is simple especially and efficient is very high, and specifically, it has been avoided, and various powder distribution get inhomogeneous and defective that cause in the filling process.

Another technical problem is to give the ceramic pressure machine reinforced with higher speed and efficient.

In application text of the present invention, term " powder bed " speech had both meaned the layer of even dusty material, also represented the powder bed that one deck is made up of many independent powder beds that overlap each other, and wherein also can comprise decorative substance.

" powder " this term is used for representing various granularities and/or versicolor, or even the powder that mixes.The material that term " decorative substance " representative is selected from following this group material: powder, ceramic coating, the pigment that is powdery or liquid solution shape, ceramic mixture and their compound.

The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by means of the manufacturing process of taking a kind of ceramic, it comprises: powder is being transported to formation one deck powder on the conveying device of going in the mould, subsequently, a framework inside at above-mentioned mould isolates the part of above-mentioned powder bed, this framework has the profile that conforms to the profile of the goods of wanting compacting basically, its isolation method be said frame from the top near above-mentioned conveying device, then, still be positioned at the part of this one deck powder bed of keeping apart by said frame on the above-mentioned conveying device with a drift compacting of above-mentioned mould, above-mentioned drift contacts with said frame is inner, and can slide therein.

In a particularly advantageous scheme, said method comprises: prepare many evenly and continuously above-mentioned powder; Above-mentioned these the many powder of compacting in advance make the flat preformed semi-finished product of one deck, and this half-finished girth is slightly less than the size of the brick and tile that are pressed into, then, and above-mentioned preformed semi-finished product of compacting again.

When powder and/or pellet are fed to above-mentioned pre-compacted work station, preferably along with these powder distribution being become thickness and density continuous one deck uniformly basically.

Such one deck powder is from a relevant proportioner above-mentioned these many powder, for example has the outlet section that to adjust from one, be used for above-mentioned these powder are poured on hopper on the belt conveyor below one, above-mentioned these powder fallen with controllable mode.

Perhaps, also can be poured on one to these powder movably on the workbench, do the reciprocating motion of straight line between charging position that this workbench can be under hopper and the pre-compacted position below the corresponding forcing press.

Before compacting, can also distribute and go up some decorative substance, for example, powder with various granularities and/or color, or even with the powder that those matrixes are coordinated mutually, be distributed on this one deck powder and/or the particle, and/or be distributed on preformed half-finished end face.

Specifically, the distribution of above-mentioned decorative substance can be carried out on the route of above-mentioned conveyer process, perhaps carries out on the workbench between the pre-compacted work station that is arranged on above-mentioned hopper and this one deck powder.

Perhaps, cause the variation of thickness in order to prevent decorative substance, and cause defective in the compacting process afterwards, the distribution of above-mentioned decorative substance also can directly be distributed on above-mentioned conveyer or the workbench in the upstream of above-mentioned hopper.

This decorative substance is the mixture by powder, liquid or pulverous ceramic coating or above-mentioned these two kinds of materials, perhaps is the compound of matrix with the colored clay.

More than these decorative substance all distribute by various distributors, for example, material perhaps falls down on the roller from a belt conveyor, perhaps by a magazine feed, perhaps is coated with subsides with tulle.

Another aspect of the present invention is the equipment that is used to make above-mentioned ceramic, it comprises: in order to one deck powder bed is transported to the conveying device of going in the mould, above-mentioned mould comprises the drift that an energy moves along vertical with above-mentioned this one deck powder basically direction, this drift and a corresponding cross member and a framework collaborative work, so that compress above-mentioned powder, said frame also can along basically with the vertical direction of above-mentioned this one deck powder, and being independent of above-mentioned drift moves, the shape and the drift of framework match, and make that drift can be in the framework slides within.Said frame can also the part above-mentioned powder bed be kept apart on above-mentioned conveying device.

In a particularly advantageous scheme, the said equipment comprises that the powder that is used for scheduled volume is assigned to the proportioner that the first following conveying device gets on continuously, and this first conveying device is carried with the form of pantostrat basically above-mentioned powder to a pre-compacted mould; The said equipment also goods after the handlebar pre-compacted is transported to second conveying device that the compacting work station goes

In a particularly advantageous scheme, above-mentioned first conveying device comprises an enclosed belt conveyor on many rollers, and wherein having a roller at least is driven roller, and above-mentioned belt has one section working portion by above-mentioned pre-compacted work station.

Above-mentioned pre-compacted work station preferably includes a drift that is clamped in above-mentioned belt top, and this drift will drop to a framework inside and will carry out on the powder of pre-compacted, and said frame can be done the motion that matches with the motion of drift in vertical direction; Laid a rest pad below above-mentioned belt, its effect is, when a propelling when forcing press stops, with its end face as the slip plane of belt.

The pre-compacted work that this structure can make ceramic is implemented in simple especially mode, and can not cause inharmonious on the device structure.

In a favourable scheme, above-mentioned belt is to drive in mode intermittently, and stage of advancing and the generation alternate with each other of static stage are to finish the pre-compacted of powder; In batches above-mentioned and/or distributor is connected with a corresponding driving device on parallel with the length direction of conveyer belt basically direction; Above-mentioned drive unit can make the constant relative velocity of maintenance between conveyer and in batches above-mentioned and/or the distributor.

Like this, owing to limited the displacement of when filling with substance and later on because the inertia force that dynamic action caused, for the uniformity of further improving charging provides additional advantage.

In another favourable scheme, above-mentioned conveyer belt moves in continuously uniform mode, above-mentioned pre-compacted work station then has the corresponding driving device, and this drive unit is carried above-mentioned pre-compacted mould along parallel with the length direction of above-mentioned conveyer basically horizontal direction.

So just further improve the uniformity of powder dispense, made compacting can reach degree more uniformly.

Further advantage of the present invention be can boost productivity and inherent value in, obtain novel valuable aesthetic effect.

In a particularly advantageous scheme, be used for the half-finished pressing mold of pre-compacted and continuous demoulding and/or supply device collaborative work through the brick and tile of compacting, this device is best by a pair of chain that surrounds into a circle sealing on corresponding gear is arranged, this a pair of chain is connected to each other with some cross members, and these cross members play the angle of rake effect of the semi-finished product brick and tile of above-mentioned finished product brick and tile and/or pre-compacted.

So just can further reduce dress mould and needed time of the demoulding.

Must be pointed out that boosting productivity mainly is owing to having shortened the needed time of dress mould widely, owing to cancelled powder and/or the motion of particle in the zone of close mould die body.

In addition, adopt method of the present invention, because the pre-compacted stage of having introduced powder because the most of gas in the bulk material had just excluded in this stage, thereby has shortened the time of suppressing, thereby improved productivity ratio before compacting.

Should also be noted that owing to implement method of the present invention, and adopt relevant equipment that the fault that causes because of physical property, granularity and the mobile difference of powder in the different time and/or particle has been eliminated for implementing the method; In fact, in the forming process of brick and tile, the time interval that this difference takes place is always much longer than the needed time of distribution one deck powder on the belt of conveyer; These are all favourable to the uniformity of improving charging and last compacting quality.

Below, with reference to 17 pages of description of drawings some embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is in the scheme that a pair of coherent compacting work station is arranged, and is used for the diagrammatic side view of the equipment that ceramic is shaped;

Fig. 2 is used for the side partial cross-sectional of half-finished pre-compacted forcing press in the compacting incipient stage;

Fig. 3 is used for the side partial cross-sectional of half-finished pre-compacted forcing press at pressing stage;

Fig. 4 is used for the side partial cross-sectional of half-finished pre-compacted forcing press in ejection phase;

Fig. 5 is used for half-finished pre-compacted forcing press in the side partial cross-sectional of getting back to the home position stage;

Fig. 6 is used for the side partial cross-sectional of the forcing press of press ceramic brick and tile in the ejection phase of the brick and tile that suppress;

Fig. 7 be among Fig. 6 forcing press the compacting incipient stage side partial cross-sectional;

Fig. 8 is that forcing press among Fig. 6 is in the side partial cross-sectional of pressing stage;

Fig. 9 is the side partial cross-sectional of the disconnection of an equipment of implementing method of the present invention, in this scheme, in a large amount of powder of the main body of making brick and tile of distributing and/or the upstream distribution decorative substance of the proportioner that particle is used;

Figure 10 a kind ofly drives the cartesian coordinate curve map of the equipment of belt conveyor with intermittent mode, and on abscissa, solid line is represented the speed of conveyer, and dotted line is represented the speed of proportioner and/or distributor, and ordinate is represented the time;

Figure 11 is the curve map of same equipment, and on abscissa, solid line is represented the space that conveyer covers, and dotted line is represented the space that proportioner and/or distributor cover, and ordinate is represented the spent time;

Figure 12 be one be used to suppress the half-finished mould of pre-compacted the brick and tile ejection phase of making the vertical cross section schematic diagram, this mould has one and is used to load mould and with its evacuated device;

Figure 13 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 12, but the incipient stage of expression compacting;

Figure 14 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 12, and representative shows that semi-finished product fill, and drift is through the stage of the cleaning of the brush of rotation;

Figure 15 is the cross-sectional view that the mould among Figure 12 has amplified in the compacting ending phase, and a rotary brush device that is used for alternately clearing up the bottom surface of mould die body and drift is wherein arranged;

Figure 16 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 15, but is the ejection phase at the brick and tile that are pressed into;

Figure 17 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 15, but is the incipient stage in compacting;

Figure 18 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 15, but is the incipient stage in the brick and tile demoulding that is pressed into;

Figure 19 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 15, but the situation with the working surface of drive unit (dotted line is represented among the figure) cleaning drift of expression;

Figure 20 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 15, but expression is that the brick and tile of a pre-compacted are sent into situation in the mould die body;

Figure 21 is the plane of Figure 19;

Figure 22 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 19, but the stripper apparatus of the another kind of brick and tile that are pressed into, and this device is also as the semi-finished product brick and tile are delivered to the device that goes in the die body of mould;

Figure 23 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 22, but is in the state of the working surface of cleaning drift;

Figure 24 is the side view same with Fig. 1, but it is another kind of scheme, and wherein the backhaul section of conveyer belt is by above-mentioned pre-compacted mould;

Figure 25 is the XX V-XX V section among Fig. 1, and the pressure block of the pre-compacted forcing press of the backhaul section that strides across conveyer belt is being supported in main expression;

Figure 26 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 25, but another kind of scheme, and the pressure block of pre-compacted forcing press wherein flexiblely is bearing on the respective base;

Figure 27 is a plane according to device of the present invention, but in this scheme, and the pre-compacted processing line of powder is on the position with the press process line parallel, and these two processing lines couple together by means of a conveying device vertical with these two processing lines;

Figure 28 is a diagrammatic side view according to building mortion of the present invention, in this scheme, has only an independent suppression process in the stage that conveyer is sent to forward;

Figure 29 and Figure 28 are same, at the schematic diagram of pressing stage;

Figure 30 is used to distribute the partial schematic side view of proportioner of powder and/or particle, the drive unit that expression is relevant;

Figure 31 is the top view of Figure 30;

Figure 32 is the XX XII-XX XII sectional drawing among Figure 28;

Figure 33 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 32, but expression is pressing stage;

Among Figure 34 Figure 32 along the part of XX XII-XX XII line and the sectional drawing that amplified;

Figure 35 is that XXX V-XXX V among Figure 32 is to view;

XXX VI among Figure 36 Figure 35-XXX VI sectional drawing;

Figure 37 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 32, in this scheme, has the framework of the constant pressure type bottom that is bearing on the base plate and suppresses mould;

Figure 38 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 37, but the expression pressing stage;

Figure 39 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 32, and difference is to have the framework that is rigidly connected on the cross member;

Figure 40 is the sectional drawing same with Figure 39, but the expression pressing stage;

Figure 41 is the side view same with Fig. 9, but distribution apparatus wherein can make powder and/or particle form one deck of undulate;

Be used for the shaped ceramic goods, the equipment 1 that is ceramic tile comprises conveying device, and this conveying device has a sealing, the belt conveyor 2 on some rollers, wherein at least one roller is connected with drive unit, and the top straight line work section of belt 2 leans against on the supporting plane 4.

A proportioner is arranged above the work section of belt conveyor 2, and hopper 5 for example is used to distribute the powder of the main body that constitutes repressed brick watts 6.The vertical distributor plate 7 that can regulate in vertical direction is arranged, so that change the thickness of powder bed 8 on the opening of above-mentioned hopper.

Above-mentioned belt conveyor 2 passes pre-compacted mould 9.This mould 9 has one to be positioned at belt 2 tops, the drift that can in main body 11, slide, and one be positioned at below the belt conveyor 2, is used for the pressure block 12 of back(-)up belt 2 in compacting process, so that make semi-finished product 17.

As shown in Figure 2, above-mentioned pressure block 12 also has a upper plate 12a who directly contacts with the lower surface of belt conveyor 2, and this upper plate is made with porous material, for example, is made by metal or other suitable materials with powder metallurgy method.In the present embodiment, belt conveyor is with ventilative material, i.e. porous material, and for example yarn fabric is made.

Because pressure block 12 and belt conveyor 2 also have upper plate 12a all to use the material of good permeability to make sometimes, in the pre-compacted operation, the gas in a large amount of powder is just arranged sooner, thereby has improved productivity ratio, has improved quality.

The pressure of pre-compacted, according to the type of use powder, Ya Zhi degree at last, for the desired aesthetic effect of final finished, and other factors, can in very broad scope, change.

But the pressure of pre-compacted must make the semi-finished product after the pre-compacted of acquisition have enough intensity, can be transported to the compacting work station to it and can not damage.

This pre-compacted operation forces together flat semi-finished product to powder and/or particle, and its peripheral size is slightly less than the size of finished product brick and tile, and its thickness is less times greater than the size of finished product brick and tile.

Mould 9 can be fixed, and this moment, powder bed 8 was pushed ahead off and on, and proportioner 5 then connects with the drive unit (not shown), and this drive unit works along vertical F parallel with belt conveyor 2.

Perhaps, if above-mentioned powder bed needs motion continuously, so above-mentioned pre-compacted mould 9 will be made and can do the synchronous intermittent movement of movement velocity with belt conveyor 2 along the direction shown in the arrow F1.This motion is to realize by means of the substantially horizontal drive unit parallel with the direction of belt conveyor 2.

Between proportioner 5 and pre-compacted mould 9, can be arranged on the

distribution apparatus

13,14 of distribution powder on the powder bed 8,, perhaps make it have special physics or mechanical performance so that improve the outward appearance of finished product brick and tile with these powder.

Above-mentioned distribution apparatus can be selected in wide scope, for example, can be the paint machinery of ceramic tile, also comprise scree printing machinery, this machinery generally has hopper 15, and the outlet section of hopper is controlled with corresponding batching roller 16, and the circumferential surface of this batching roller is smooth, or through overetched, so that protrude not adhesive decorative parts continuously or intermittently.

A pair of overlapping vibratory sieve 14a, 14b are arranged in the distribution apparatus 14 of powder or particle, and following sieve 14b is carved with suitable decorative pattern, so that loose dusty material is distributed on the presumptive area of powder bed 8.

At the end of belt conveyor 2, the semi-finished product 17 of the pre-compacted that is pressed into mould 9 are transported on second conveying device, and this conveying device is used to forcing press 19 feedings, generally is a roller conveyor 18, and some driven roller 18a are wherein arranged.Between the end of belt conveyor 2 and roller conveyor 18, a funnel 20 is arranged, be used to collect remaining powder 19a, and with the pipeline (not shown) they are delivered in the proportioner 5 and to go.

On roller conveyor 18, can also there be other be used for dusty material, the distribution apparatus 21 similar to distribution apparatus described above 13,14.

Brick and tile 6 conveyers that are used to transmit the semi-finished product 17 of pre-compacted and/or are pressed into are that propeller 22 can be reciprocating above roller conveyor 18.

Shown in Fig. 2-5, the lower limb 23 of the framework 11 of compacting mould 9 has wedge-shaped segment on the plane perpendicular to belt conveyor, like this, just can separate from powder bed 8 being given for a pile powder of making brick and tile 6 easily, and not need to change repeatedly the density of powder bed 8.The given shape at above-mentioned edge 23 has determined will form a pile excess stock heap 24 around framework 11 outward flanges.

After the pre-compacted operation finished, mould 9 was made drawback movement to the direction F2 direction opposite with F1 just as shown in Figure 5.

As shown in Figure 6, above-mentioned semi-finished product 17 are by means of second conveying device, and for example roller conveyor 18, deliver on the forcing press 19, so that be configured as brick and tile 6, and have the reciprocating type roller conveyor 25 of sending the drive of arm 25a to of absorption layer 25b to send him away with being equipped with.

As shown in Figure 7, when the forward stroke of the propeller 22 that advances to forcing press 19 along the direction of arrow F3 finishes, it just according to the inclined trajectory that rises, is drawn back according to the opposite direction of arrow F4 indication, has been ready to be put into the semi-finished product that go in the forcing press to avoid interfering.Above-mentioned forcing press 19 has drift 26 and has the die body 27 of removable base plate 28.

Fig. 9 represents that proportioner is how to send the powder that will be used for making compacting brick and tile 6 and/or particle to by means of

distribution apparatus

13,14 and belt conveyor 2.One deck decorative substance 29 that on belt conveyor 2, distributed, perhaps or even decorative substance 29, the 29a of many plies.

Above-mentioned proportioner below the hopper 5 that powder is housed comprises that is gone up a belt conveyor 30, and this root belt 30 is dispersed in powder on the belt conveyor 2 by means of the gravity transfer mode.

So just prevented to be interfered when being distributed in of decorative substance 29,29a from going the powder distribution of the main body that forms brick and tile to same belt conveyor.

Best, powder is to fall from the top belt conveyor very lentamente, and this way that can tilt with the powder bed direction of advance of the belt conveyor that makes the top reaches.Adopt this mode the vibrations that powder is suffered to be limited in as far as possible little degree.

The also belt conveyor that can tilt, and the conveyer collaborative work of the slide plate 30a and the top active section with one section level of an inclination is set.

For remedy might produce since from the upper strata belt conveyor 30 fallen powder thickness distribution get inhomogeneous, also consider the existence of decorative substance layer 29,29a, it is favourable that the scraper plate 31 of a lateral support above conveyer 2 is set, and it can wipe the upper surface of the bed of material 8 off.

Resemble the powder preparation device of arranging Fig. 9 can make repressed brick watt end face down, thereby can use common " plunger " formula drift.

Adopt the equipment of another kind of type, that is, the semi-finished product of pre-compacted are turned over a face, equally also can make end face brick and tile down by means of the turning device of common ceramic tile.

Be noted that what employing such as ceramic coating that pulverize or atomizing or clay were made, the perhaps dusty material made of their mixture can only be distributed in the middle body of powder bed 8,, in the end carries out that part of pre-compacted before the compacting that is.

Like this, just can avoid the pollution in the process recycling of the discrete material of large quantities of making brick and tile main bodys, in those discrete materials, not have the powdery granule material of the decorative pattern of forming powder bed 8 end faces.

Should also be noted that and adopt method and apparatus of the present invention, can also obtain can not be obtainable in existing forming technology process, new more valuable aesthetic effect.

Particularly, the drift 10 of pre-compacted mould can be made lobed working surface, so that obtain recessed end face on the semi-finished product of pre-compacted, can come filling coating and/or clay particle by means of

distributor

16,21 on this recessed end face.

In addition, can be on the end face of pre-compacted goods with particle or particulate material distribution, this end face is designed to give bearing-surface with the special decoration theme, and in pressing process, the major part of these particles and bearing-surface becomes one.

So just eliminated intrinsic defective in the art methods, because in the prior art, the distribution of particle in a large amount of powder of forming the brick and tile main body must make these particles sink to the degree that almost disappears under its end face in pressing process, so that after brick and tile suppress or bake, must adopt expensive operation to come polished product.

On the other hand, adopt method and apparatus of the present invention, the enough cheap materials of energy are made the main body of ceramic tile, and make its superficial layer with more valuable attractive in appearance pleasing material.

Such brick and tile can only be sought help from what is called " double-deck charging ", and manufacturing process is made, and this method will expend long time, and the cost costliness.

The step-by-step movement of Figure 10 and 11 explanation belt conveyors 2 is sent to, and the stepping of powder bed 8 is just sent to; And the time started T0 that explanation is included in a step in the one-period arrives the state that moves between the concluding time T1.

As shown in figure 10, belt conveyor 2, it is the variation with respect to the relative velocity of

distribution apparatus

13,14 and/or distributor 5 of powder bed 8, make the relative velocity Vrel of powder bed with respect to proportioner and/or distributor, promptly, ordinate between the dotted line of the curve of the continuous lines of speed V1 and speed V2 poor remains unchanged in the All Time in whole cycle.

This point is reached by particularly advantageous mode, promptly, in the All Time in whole cycle, apply constant acceleration, this constant acceleration can with the speed curve diagram of above-mentioned powder bed and above-mentioned distributor and/or proportioner in, be that the straight line of function changes and obtains with time.

Like this, just obtain special advantage, that is, obtained to have the powder bed 8 of uniform thickness and same density.

In addition, limit the dynamic load(loading) that is applied on the powder and prevented that also powder from just mixing before pre-compacted.Can reason out the curve map of the space S 1 that is covered by powder bed 8 shown in Figure 11 and by space S 2 that distribution apparatus and/or proportioner covered from this point.

Must be pointed out, be linear by the function that difference obtained between curve S 1 and the S2.

As shown in figure 12, mould 19 is equipped with and is used for the device 32 that the brick and tile 6 that are pressed into shirked out from the slip plane of corresponding die body 27, this device is made up of around corresponding sprocket wheel 34 that can freely rotate and the chain 33 on the drive sprocket 34a a pair of sealing ground, above-mentioned two drive sprockets are connected with an axle 35 with chain and sprocket driving device 37 (Figure 19) by means of driven wheel 36, and axle 35 then is bound up on the not shown drive unit.

At least one lateral direction element 35 that plays the propeller effect of above-mentioned these a pair of chain 33 usefulness links together, preferably use a pair of like this propeller opposite one another, one of them is connected with a pair of below active section in the above-mentioned chain, and another is connected with the target phase of top.

Figure 14 represents how a pair of propeller that becomes one mutually 22,22a work, and when first propeller is wherein further drawn back, just the semi-finished product forcing press 19 of packing into, when another propeller is advanced further, just the brick and tile that press is shirked out.

Rotating brush 38 can with this a pair of propeller 22,22a collaborative work so that the following working face of cleaning drift 26, and/or the movable floor 28 of die body 27.

Shown in Figure 15-23, between two sections chains 33, be provided with the cleaning brush device 38 of a rotation, this cleaning brush device is driven by chain 38a, be bearing on the pair of end arm 39, can on two opposite positions of drift 26 both sides, move, so that alternately clean the upper surface of movable floor 28 and the lower surface of drift 26 with water.

How Figure 22,23 expression chains 33 link together with one group of four cross member 35, and these four cross members both had been used to remove the brick and tile that press, and were used for that also semi-finished product are delivered to pressing mold and got on.

Distance between a cross member 35 and another root cross member, and the centre-to-centre spacing of the number of cross member and

sprocket wheel

34,34a are decided by to want the specification of repressed brick watt.

Figure 24 represents, in the proal length by length off and on such equipment of conveyer belt, the backhaul section of belt conveyor 2 is how between the active section and pressure block 12a of this same belt conveyor, by means of a pair of location roller 3a, by above-mentioned pre-compacted mould 9.Also can be in plate (not shown) of making of therebetween of the very low material of coefficient of friction.

When belt wore and tore, this arrangement had been simplified the operation of changing belt conveyor widely.

Figure 25 represents, above-mentioned

pressure block

12,12a be how by means of on the base plate 43 of a pair of supporting structure 12c at the pre-compacted forcing press along the cross member or the beam 12b of the direction of belt conveyor 2, be arranged to stride across belt conveyor 2, so that form one greatly to the neutral gear I that enough allows the backhaul section of belt conveyor 2 pass through.

Figure 26 represents, above-mentioned

pressure block

12,12a also can be fixed on the base plate 43 with being located at, and the elastic device 40 that links to each other with the column of the bearing structure 12c that forms forcing press 19 supports, so that form a neutral gear I that highly can change, so that allow the backhaul section of belt conveyor 2 pass through.When drift 10 and framework 11 when belt conveyor 2 drops to regional that the preparation of pre-compacted powder layer 8 is shaped,

pressure block

12,12a just drop to the active section and the backhaul section that make belt conveyor 2 and are pushed down irremovable position on plate 41; When above-mentioned pre-compacted stroke stopped, elastic component 40 was just raised

pressure block

12,12a, so belt conveyor just can freely advance it by another step, another part powder bed 8 was delivered on the forcing press 19.

Figure 27 represents a kind of horizontal layout of equipment, and this equipment comprises the pre-compacted production line and the pressing production line that is made of many location roller of

roller conveyor

18,25 that are made of the belt conveyor 2 of longitudinal extension.Between above-mentioned pre-compacted production line and pressing production line, be provided with the 3rd conveying device 44, for example a pair of around corresponding many belts to the sealing on the belt pulley.Can decorate its end face with various types of facilities by the semi-finished product of above-mentioned the 3rd conveying device, perhaps further process, for example dry, polishing, perhaps other treatment process.

Figure 28-41 represents a kind of device type of having only single pressing stage, and structurally, the equipment class among it and above these figure seemingly; Therefore, above-mentioned compaction press 19 can the direct forming ceramic tile; One deck decorative substance that on powder bed 8, can distribute 29b.

Please consult Figure 30,31 in detail, described drive unit among the figure, this drive unit can guarantee the constant relative velocity of maintenance as shown in Figure 10,11 between belt conveyor 2 and distributor 5,13.For this purpose, above-mentioned conveyer 2 have one with relevant actuating device, the end roller 3 that first transmission device 50 connects, this first transmission device comprises a chain on drive sprocket 51 and the driven sprocket 53, this drive sprocket connects with corresponding actuating device 52, and driven sprocket and roller 3 are made of one.Second actuating device of being made up of another root chain 54 is arranged between driven sprocket 54a (Figure 31) that another and above-mentioned roller 3 become one and the running down sprocket wheel 55 that is bearing in belt conveyor 2 one sides.

Above-mentioned chain 54 is on a drive sprocket 56 that connects with a corresponding independently actuating device 57, and wherein one section is the Ω shape, because there is a pair of idle pulley 58 that drive sprocket 56 is upwards risen.

Above-mentioned

sprocket wheel

56,58 is bearing on the dolly 59, and dolly then is bearing in the

distributor

5,13 of the above-mentioned powder that is used to distribute.

Above-mentioned independently actuating device 57 is passed to corresponding driving sprocket wheel 56 with constant velocity of rotation, therefore, when belt conveyor 2 stopped in the impulse stroke of drift 10 and die body 11, above-mentioned dolly just moved towards the roller 3 of the powder bed 8 that distributes layer of even density; When reaching the position of stroke end, a first sensor 60 sends signal, makes drive unit 52 with uniform acceleration setting in motion, so dolly with regard to deceleration gradually, stops at last and to motion in the other direction, begins to leave roller 3; Along with uniform deceleration and accelerator, dolly just leaves roller 3 with a kind of with respect to belt conveyor 2 quickish constant speeds, and meanwhile, above-mentioned

distribution apparatus

5,13 continues distribution one deck powder on powder bed 2 equably.

Just in case above-mentioned dolly 59 is not done reverse motion, for example just in case above-mentioned actuating device 52 gets clogged and akinesia, and perhaps the interruption owing to the forcing press working cycles has paused machine, just limit switch 61 stops the motion of this machine.

See also Figure 32,33, the many hydraulic cylinders 63 of the following usefulness of the cross member 62 of the forcing press that belt conveyor 2 is passed through are connected with a framework 11, these hydraulic cylinders are cascaded on hydraulic pressure, avoiding said frame deflection in the process of pressurization, and make the plane keeping parallelism of it and belt conveyor 2.This in-line structure makes can transmit hydraulic pressure between the interconnected hydraulic cylinder 63, so that the plunger 64 of these hydraulic cylinders can be acted on the zones of different of framework 11 simultaneously.

Specifically, each hydraulic cylinder 63 all has a plunger of stretching from the chamber of hydraulic cylinder that pressure fluid is housed, and be to connect like this between each hydraulic cylinder, promptly, the side that has plunger to protrude of each chamber links to each other with the relative side that has plunger to protrude of another hydraulic cylinder.

The work section of these chambers must communicate, and has identical stroke so that guarantee each plunger 64.

Each arm 65 that connects the fluid pressure line of the hydraulic cylinder 63 that respectively is connected together all has an import 66, and this import is oily by means of a magnetic valve (not shown) supply, and makes the oil in the pipeline keep constant oil mass.

Framework 11 has horizontal annex 67, and at pressing stroke at the end, these horizontal annexes lean against on the transverse support 68 that protrudes from pressure block 12.

In addition, deflector 70 in the middle of said frame can also have one, this piece deflector has the bottom surface that falls in 71 of V-arrangement, and a pipeline 72 that leads to the top is arranged in the middle of it, and this pipeline is used for discharging in pressing process the powder of the two sides between the walls that covers on the above-mentioned bottom surface that falls in 71.

Perhaps, shown in Figure 37,38, on the position of middle deflector 70 dividing plate 73, the base 73a of this piece dividing plate is wedge shape towards powder bed 8.

The vertical drive that drives said frame 11 can be arranged between pressure block 12 and the horizontal annex 67.

Drift 10 is that the motion by cross member 62 drives, and its type of drive is not shown.

Above-mentioned pressure block 12 can have some areas of permanent pressures 75, these areas of permanent pressures are by being positioned under the belt conveyor 2, with drift 10 corresponding zones in a dividing plate 76 form, dividing plate 76 is separated out a depression of being made up of many septulum chambers that incompressible liquid is housed; The groove 78 that the depression 78a that replaces on the supporting area of the made brick and tile of many formation and the brick and tile is arranged on the above-mentioned belt conveyor.

Perhaps, also can be separated out an independent chamber 80 of adorning incompressible liquid with dividing plate 79.

Between the bottom surface of dividing plate 79 and belt conveyor 2, can put a stiffener 81.

See also Figure 39 and 40, said frame 11 is bearing on the cross member 62 with drift 10 by means of the spacing member 82 that is fixed on the horizontal annex 67.

Vertical drive 83 is arranged between drift 10 and the cross member 62, and it comprises for example having the hydraulic cylinder of making the plunger 84 of one with above-mentioned drift.

As shown in figure 40, adopt this mode, when the position of the framework 11 of mould is arranged on the top of belt conveyor 2, just can carry out the pressing stroke of drift 10

Figure 41 represents a kind of structure of

distribution apparatus

5,13, and this structure is suitable for that powder bed 8 is distributed into bottom and has waveform, and top formation pit 78b.

This realizes that by a batching drum 85 this batching drum has the outer surface of band pit, makes that the amount that is distributed in the powder in the lower floor 2 is not changeless.

In fact, the details of material, size and enforcement can with top describe different, but they are equal to technically, do not break away from the scope of law of the present invention.

In most cases, pre-compacted mould can be with the half-finished conveying device of many conveyings, and the roller conveyor of drive for example is with many forcing press collaborative works, these conveyers can be lined up some straight lines or have some branch lines, perhaps use other conveyer.

Should be appreciated that, above-mentioned conveying device, promptly, pre-compacted goods 17 are transported to forcing press to get on, perhaps the brick and tile 7 that are pressed into from forcing press unload down

propeller

22,22a, 25,25a, 25b, also can with the former collaborative work that is used for being shaped with different ceramic described in this specification.

Claims

1. method that is used for compacted powder, it is characterized in that, it comprises: powder is being transported to the last one deck powder bed (8 that forms of the conveying device (2) of going mould (9) lining, 8a), subsequently, inner at a framework (11) of above-mentioned mould (9) above-mentioned powder bed (8, part 8a) isolates, this framework (11) has basically and the goods (6 of wanting compacting, 17) profile that profile conforms to, its isolation method be said frame (11) from the top near above-mentioned conveying device (2), then, drift (10) compacting with above-mentioned mould still is positioned at this one deck powder bed (8 that above-mentioned conveying device (2) is upward kept apart by said frame (11), part 8a), above-mentioned drift contacts with the inside of said frame (11), and slides therein.

2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, said products (6,17) is to remove from above-mentioned conveying device (2) before at above-mentioned drift (10) by means of said frame (11), perhaps moves sooner and take out from above-mentioned mould (9) than above-mentioned drift (10).

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned powder bed (8,8a) has homogeneous thickness and consistent density basically.

4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the above-mentioned goods of having made (17) after from above-mentioned mould (9), taking out, pressing one-time at least again.

5. as the described method of above-mentioned claim 1, it is characterized in that, before compacting before the compacting and/or again, go up distribution one deck decorative substance (29b) at the above-mentioned powder bed (8,8a) and/or the goods (17) of above-mentioned compacting.

6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, above-mentioned decorative substance layer (29b) only is distributed on that a part of powder bed of being isolated by said frame (11) (8,8a).

7. as the described method of above-mentioned claim 1, it is characterized in that, on a surface of above-mentioned powder bed (8), form many pits (78a, 78b) that hold decorative substance (29,29a).

8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, above-mentioned pit (78a, 78b) is to obtain in the process of the above-mentioned powder bed of compacting (8,8a).

9. as the described method of above-mentioned claim 1, it is characterized in that a part (19a) that is not isolated in the above-mentioned powder bed (8,8a) through reclaiming, is reformulated the part of above-mentioned powder bed (8,8a).

10. as the described method of above-mentioned claim 1, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned powder bed (8,8a) is formed by the powder stream that flows out from distributor (5,13), and above-mentioned distributor can be with respect to the reciprocating motion uniformly basically of above-mentioned conveying device (2) do.

11. as the described method of above-mentioned claim 1, it is characterized in that, the forward stroke of the approaching above-mentioned conveying device (2) of said frame (11), and above-mentioned drift (10) subsequent compression stroke alternately carry out with the in check forward travel of above-mentioned conveying device (2).

12. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, above-mentioned in check forward travel comprises a uniform basically accelerated motion stage and a uniform basically retarded motion stage.

13. device that is used for compacted powder, it is characterized in that, it comprises: in order to one deck powder bed (8,8a) be transported to the conveying device (2) of going in the mould (9), above-mentioned mould (9) comprise an energy along basically with above-mentioned this one deck powder bed (8,8a) the drift (10) of vertical direction motion, this drift and a corresponding cross member (62) and a framework (11) collaborative work, so that compress above-mentioned powder, said frame also can along basically with above-mentioned this one deck powder bed (8,8a) vertical direction, and being independent of above-mentioned drift (10) moves, and make that drift can be in the framework slides within, said frame is as going up above-mentioned powder bed (8 in above-mentioned conveying device (2), the spacer assembly that part 8a) is kept apart.

14. device as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the side of said frame (11) has the section configuration that reduces towards above-mentioned conveying device (2).

15. device as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned conveying device (2) comprises a belt conveyor, above-mentioned powder is scattered in one deck powder bed (8,8a) with distributor (5,13) on above-mentioned belt conveyor, above-mentioned belt conveyor is connected with corresponding driving device (2) by first transmission device (50).

16. device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, above-mentioned distributor (5,13) is connected with above-mentioned conveying device (2) by second transmission device (54) with drive device (57).

17. device as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, it also is provided with another pressure setting that is used for pressed ware (17) (19) in the downstream of above-mentioned mould (9), so that further compacting said products (17).

18. device as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, also is provided with another distributor (21) in the upstream of above-mentioned another pressure setting (19), is used for going up the distribution decorative substance at above-mentioned powder bed (8,8a) and/or said products (17).

19. device as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned mould (9) has projection on above-mentioned drift and/or die body, makes to go up in above-mentioned powder bed (8,8a) to obtain pit (78a).

20. device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, on the position suitable with above-mentioned mould (9), with a fixing pressure block (12) sliding-contact, this pressure block is resisted the impact of drift (10) to above-mentioned belt conveyor (2) when suppressing at least.

21. device as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned pressure block (12) has a surface that allows above-mentioned belt conveyor (2) slide in the above, this surperficial shape is similar to the shape of the above-mentioned goods that will suppress (6,17), and, in the deformation process that belt conveyor is determined by above-mentioned drift (10), this surface can hold the part of above-mentioned belt conveyor (2).

22. device as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, gets involved a compensation arrangement (75) that is used for isobaric compensation between above-mentioned belt conveyor (2) and above-mentioned pressure block (12).

23., it is characterized in that the above-mentioned conveying device (2) that contacts with above-mentioned conveying device and/or the surface (12) of above-mentioned pressure block (12a) are made with gas permeable material as claim 13 or 20 described devices.

24. as claim 13 or 14 described devices, it is characterized in that, said frame (11) has the relative both sides at this framework (11) at least and extends, and form the deflector (70,73) of the compacting dividing plate of corresponding articles (6,17) therein, above-mentioned at least one deflector (70,73) is placed on vertical with above-mentioned powder bed (8,8a) the basically plane.

25. device as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, above-mentioned deflector (70) has a V-arrangement lower surface (71), and this lower surface has a pocket portion towards above-mentioned conveying device (2); And many holes (72) that are used to remove the residual powder at the innermost drift angle place that is in above-mentioned " V " shape.

26. device as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, intervention one is used for the vertical drive (74) of said frame (11) between framework (11) and pressure block (12).

27. device as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned cross member (62) is equipped with vertical drive (63).

28. device as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, above-mentioned vertical drive (63) comprises that at least one pair of is connected in series, and can transmit the hydraulic cylinder (63) of static pressure.

29. device as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, above-mentioned pressure block (12) comprises the abutment member (68) of some restriction said frame (11) to the mobile stroke of above-mentioned conveying device (2).

30. device as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned cross member (62) is fixed on the said frame (11), and connects by means of a hydraulic cylinder (83) and above-mentioned drift (10).