CN106248990B - Convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed of wind field and manufacturing and using method - Google Patents
Convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed of wind field and manufacturing and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106248990B CN106248990B CN201610637403.6A CN201610637403A CN106248990B CN 106248990 B CN106248990 B CN 106248990B CN 201610637403 A CN201610637403 A CN 201610637403A CN 106248990 B CN106248990 B CN 106248990B
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
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Abstract
The invention discloses a convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed of a wind field and a manufacturing and using method thereof, wherein the device comprises an I-shaped support frame consisting of an upper end surface, a lower end surface and a middle part, the middle part of the I-shaped support frame is a streamline shell, cover plates are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface, the cover plates and the streamline shell are fixedly arranged in a sealing way, a clamping groove is fixedly arranged in the streamline shell, a probe mounting plate is arranged in the clamping groove, and the probe mounting plate is fixedly clamped with the clamping groove; the leveling device also comprises a shell mounting plate, wherein a leveling plate is arranged above the shell mounting plate in a clinging manner and is hinged with one end of the shell mounting plate; the probe mounting plate is provided with scales and a plurality of probe mounting holes, and a positioning groove is respectively arranged above the plurality of probe mounting holes. The device provided by the invention is simple to manufacture, convenient and fast to install, wide in application range and low in manufacturing cost, and can be used for rapidly measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of micro-terrain wind fields such as complex mountains and canyons and non-good wind fields represented by downburst flows.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device in the technical field of structural wind engineering, in particular to a convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed of a wind field and a manufacturing and using method thereof.
Background
In recent years, wind disasters and accidents of various structural systems frequently occur, wherein the safety problem of a power transmission tower wire system is particularly prominent. On the one hand, the structure is caused by the self structural characteristics, such as long line corridor, high probability of passing through severe weather high-rise areas and complex terrains, strong structural flexibility, easy excitation of strong vibration under the action of natural wind and the like; on the other hand, this is due to design inefficiencies in the microtopography wind field and the ill-conditioned wind fields represented by downbursts (including squall winds), collectively referred to herein as complex conditioned wind fields. The survey reports and meteorological data at the scene of the accident also show that most of the strong wind induced tower collapse and windage yaw flashover accidents occur in the micro-terrain environment with wind field acceleration effect or in the short-term strong convection weather of the local area suspected of downburst.
Compared with a conventional atmospheric boundary layer wind field, a wind field under a complex condition is mostly a local wind field with extremely uneven spatial distribution, and in the design process of a power transmission line, the spatial distribution characteristics of the wind field in a whole line corridor need to be accurately mastered. This is clearly not possible through the data observation records of only a limited number of weather monitoring stations within the design area. At present, such wind fields are generally simulated by an indoor wind tunnel test of an actual mountain scale model, and wind speed profiles at different spatial positions are acquired by a certain measuring means.
In fact, the scale ratio of the mountain model is generally larger, meanwhile, the area needing important attention is wider, the number of the measuring points is larger, at the moment, if a point-by-point acquisition method is adopted, the measuring cost is higher, and the influence of the accuracy of measuring point positioning on the test result is larger. In this case, it is preferable to collect the wind speed profile using a bank pipe including a plurality of wind speed probes. However, in the past, the wind speed calandria applied to the wind tunnel of the conventional atmospheric boundary layer only collects total pressure and static pressure, does not consider the three-dimensional effect of the wind field, and the test result of the wind speed calandria cannot reflect the wind attack angle difference of the wind field with different heights under complex conditions. In addition, the ground clearance of each probe is fixed, and when measuring points are required to be encrypted in a certain height range at a specified spatial position, the height of the measuring points cannot be adjusted in real time. Therefore, the existing measuring devices and methods cannot meet the actual demands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a convenient device for measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of a wind field and a manufacturing and using method thereof, which can be directly used for rapidly measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of the wind field under complex conditions;
further, a portable device which can be directly used for rapidly measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of a wind field under complex conditions can be manufactured.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed of a wind field,
the method comprises the following steps: the I-shaped support frame comprises an upper end surface, a lower end surface and a middle part, wherein the middle part of the I-shaped support frame is a streamline shell, cover plates are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface, the cover plates and the streamline shell are fixedly arranged in a sealing way, and a wire outlet hole is formed in the cover plate on the lower end surface;
a clamping groove is fixedly arranged in the streamline shell, a probe mounting plate is arranged in the clamping groove, and the probe mounting plate is clamped and fixed with the clamping groove;
the upper end part and the lower end part of the probe mounting plate are respectively fixed with the upper end part and the lower end part of the clamping groove through fastening bolts;
the leveling device also comprises a shell mounting plate, wherein a leveling plate is arranged above the shell mounting plate in a clinging manner and is hinged with one end of the shell mounting plate;
the probe mounting plate is provided with scales and a plurality of probe mounting holes, and a positioning groove is respectively arranged above the plurality of probe mounting holes; the probe mounting hole is used for fixedly mounting a porous probe, a positioning boss is arranged on the porous probe, and the positioning boss and the positioning groove are arranged in a matched mode.
The multi-hole probe separated type multi-hole probe is characterized in that each hole is a through cavity, the head of the probe is conical or spherical, and the length of the probe is adjustable.
And a bubble level gauge for quickly reading the inclination angle of the probe is also arranged on the side end face of the leveling plate.
The method comprises the following steps:
a: mounting the assembled and calibrated convenient device for measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of the wind field on a spatial position to be measured;
b: reading the integral offset distance z0 of each multi-hole probe on the probe mounting plate, wherein when the probe mounting plate is integrally positioned in the clamping groove, z0=0, and the distance from the ground to the ground is the greatest at the momentThe ground clearance of a close probe is z1, and the distance zij between adjacent probes is provided, wherein j = i +1; therefore, the height of each probe from the ground
；
C: adopting a set square to measure the vertical distance h between the tail end of the leveling plate and the shell mounting plate, and calculating the included angle between the local coordinate system and the whole coordinate system of the probe according to the length l of the leveling plate
，
D: according to
And converting the three-dimensional wind speed result measured by each probe directly to obtain the three-dimensional wind speed profile of the position under the integral coordinate system.
A manufacturing method of a convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed of a wind field comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the type and the number of the multi-hole probes to be adopted, wherein the type of the multi-hole probes comprises the number of holes, the opening position, the shape and the diameter of the probe head;
step two: determining the thickness of the probe mounting plates according to the test scale ratio, manufacturing the probe mounting plates matched with the number of the probes, and arranging scales on the probe mounting plates;
step three: manufacturing a streamline shell with the length same as that of the mounting plate, arranging a clamping groove matched with the probe mounting plate in the streamline shell, and arranging fastening bolts at the top and the bottom of the clamping groove;
step four: a shell mounting plate and a leveling plate which are provided with holes are fixedly arranged at the top and the bottom of the streamline shell respectively and are connected through a connecting piece, a bubble level gauge is mounted on the leveling plate, a matched cover plate is manufactured, and the airtightness of a cavity in the device is ensured;
and fifthly, assembling the whole device, calibrating the porous probe, and installing the device in a complex terrain condition after calibration is finished so as to directly measure the wind speed profiles of different spatial positions.
In the second step, scales are marked on the upper part and the lower part of the probe mounting plate, so that the overall real-time adjustment of the height of the measuring point can be realized, and the thickness of the probe mounting plate is not too thin on the premise of not influencing the streamline appearance of the shell and ensuring that the size of the shell is not too large, so that the verticality between the probe and the shell is ensured.
In the second step, the probe mounting hole on the plate is provided with a positioning groove to prevent the probe from rotating in the mounting process.
In the third step, the front part of the shell needs to be provided with a slotted hole, and the width is determined by the size of the five-hole probe with each height.
In the fourth step, the depth of the opening of the shell mounting plate is smaller than the thickness of the shell mounting plate, the shape of the opening is the same as the cross section of the shell, but is slightly larger than the cross section of the shell, so that the cover plate can be conveniently placed and removed, the opening of the leveling plate is vertically communicated, and the size and the shape of the opening are the same as those of the shell mounting plate.
In the fourth step, the connecting piece of the shell mounting plate and the leveling plate needs to ensure that the two plates can rotate freely around the mounting shaft of the connecting piece.
The invention can adjust the initial pitch angle of the probe to be parallel to the ground of the target terrain and can directly read, and meanwhile, the length of the probe can be adjusted, thereby being used for measuring the wind speed profile of any space position of any complex terrain model with different scale ratios, and then the invention is provided with the clamping groove to adjust the height of the measuring point, thereby realizing the integral movement of all measuring points. And when the distance between adjacent measuring points needs to be adjusted to realize local encryption of the measuring points, the probe mounting plate only needs to be replaced, and the wind field space distribution characteristics of the target area can be rapidly measured. Finally, the calibration of each porous probe can be synchronously completed after the whole device is assembled, the calibration process is simple and convenient, the precision is high, and the stability of the measurement result is good. The device provided by the invention is simple to manufacture, convenient and fast to install, wide in application range and low in manufacturing cost, and can be used for rapidly measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of micro-terrain wind fields such as complex mountains and canyons and non-good wind fields represented by downburst flows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an I-shaped support frame according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the I-shaped support of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the I-shaped support of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of using the portable device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed in a wind farm according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a manufacturing method of the convenient device for measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of the wind field.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed in a wind field comprises: the I-shaped support frame is composed of an upper end surface, a lower end surface and a middle part, the middle part of the I-shaped support frame is a streamline shell 3, the upper end surface and the lower end surface are cover plates, the I-shaped support frame and the streamline shell 3 are fixedly arranged in a sealing way, and the lower end surface cover plate is provided with a through hole for wiring;
a clamping groove 4 is fixedly arranged in the streamline housing 3, a probe mounting plate 2 is arranged in the clamping groove 4, and the probe mounting plate 2 is fixedly clamped with the clamping groove 4;
the upper end part and the lower end part of the probe mounting plate 2 are respectively fixed with the cover plates 10 at the upper end part and the lower end part of the clamping groove through fastening bolts 5;
the water level gauge is characterized by further comprising a shell mounting plate 6, wherein a leveling plate 7 is arranged above the shell mounting plate 6 in a clinging mode, and the leveling plate 7 is tightly connected with the shell mounting plate 6 and hinged through a connecting piece 8 so that the leveling plate can rotate around one end.
The probe mounting plate 2 is provided with scales and a plurality of probe mounting holes, and a positioning groove is respectively arranged above the plurality of probe mounting holes; the probe mounting hole is used for fixedly mounting the porous probe, a positioning boss is arranged on the porous probe, and the positioning boss is matched with the positioning groove.
The multi-hole probe separated type multi-hole probe is characterized in that each hole is a through cavity, the head of the probe is conical or spherical, and the length of the probe is adjustable.
And a bubble level meter is arranged on the side end surface of the leveling plate 7 and is used for quickly reading the inclination angle of the probe.
A use method of a convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed of a wind field comprises the following steps:
a: mounting the assembled and calibrated convenient device for measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of the wind field on a spatial position to be measured;
b: reading the integral offset distance z0 of each multi-hole probe on the probe mounting plate (namely, the scale on the probe mounting plate (2)): when the probe mounting plates are integrally positioned in the clamping grooves, z0=0, the ground clearance of the probe closest to the ground is z1, and the distance zij between adjacent probes is provided, wherein j = i +1; therefore, the height of each probe from the ground
C: adopting a triangular plate to measure the vertical distance h between the tail end of the leveling plate and the shell mounting plate, and calculating the included angle between the local coordinate system and the whole coordinate system of the probe according to the length l of the leveling plate
，
D: according to
And converting the three-dimensional wind speed result measured by each probe directly to obtain the three-dimensional wind speed profile of the position under the integral coordinate system.
A manufacturing method of a convenient device for measuring three-dimensional wind speed of a wind field comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the type of a multi-hole probe to be adopted, wherein the type of the multi-hole probe comprises the number of holes, the opening position, the shape, the diameter and the number of the probe head; wherein, the number of the holes of the probe is generally 4, 5 or 7; the head is generally conical or spherical in shape; the diameter of each probe can be selected at will, but the probe mounting plate is matched with the probe mounting plate. By adopting the sectional type porous probe with adjustable length, as shown in fig. 5, only the shape parameters of the front section part of the probe are required to be determined, the rear section sleeve pipe is required to be manufactured with a plurality of lengths so as to be compared and selected in the following, the sleeve pipe is provided with a positioning groove to prevent the probe from rotating after being installed, and meanwhile, the air tightness of the joint between the front section and the rear section is required to be ensured.
Step two: determining the thickness of the probe mounting plates according to the test scale ratio, manufacturing the probe mounting plates matched with the number of the probes, and arranging scales on the probe mounting plates; as shown in FIG. 4, the length of the probe mounting plate and the hole position of the mounting hole are determined according to the height range of the region of interest. The shape of the probe mounting hole is consistent with that of the probe, and the size of the probe mounting hole is slightly larger than the cross section of the probe. The width of the mounting plate should not be too large, and should be matched with the streamline housing, and the thickness should not be too small, and should ensure the verticality of the probe and the plane where the mounting plate is located.
In the second step, scales are marked on the upper part and the lower part of the probe mounting plate, so that the overall real-time adjustment of the height of the measuring point can be realized, and the thickness of the probe mounting plate is not too thin on the premise of not influencing the streamline appearance of the shell and ensuring that the size of the shell is not too large, so that the verticality between the probe and the shell is ensured. In the second step, the probe mounting holes on the plate are provided with positioning grooves to prevent the probes from rotating in the mounting process.
Step three: manufacturing a streamline shell with the length same as that of the mounting plate, arranging a clamping groove matched with the probe mounting plate in the streamline shell, and arranging fastening bolts at the top and the bottom of the clamping groove;
in the third step, the front part of the shell needs to be provided with a slotted hole, and the width is determined by the size of the five-hole probe with each height. On the basis of meeting the installation requirement of the porous probe, the whole body of the streamline shell is required to be as small as possible so as to reduce the interference on the wind field with complex conditions to be measured. The shell must be made of a material with certain deformation performance, and the surface of the shell needs to be polished to be as smooth as possible.
Step four: at the casing mounting panel and the air level of streamlined casing top and bottom fixed the having set up the hole respectively, both connect through the connecting piece, install the bubble spirit level on the air level to the supporting apron of preparation guarantees the seal of cavity in the device. Because the volume of casing is less, casing mounting panel, casing and draw-in groove should integrated into one piece, avoid complicated equipment work, can adopt 3D to print and make. The bubble level can be directly adhered on the leveling plate by using strong glue, but the adhesion reliability and the initial levelness of the level are ensured.
The multi-hole probe is a front-back segmented separated probe, the length of the probe can be adjusted according to the size of the rear shell, the probe is long enough, and a wind field measured by the probe is not interfered by the rear shell.
In the fourth step, the depth of the opening of the shell mounting plate is smaller than the thickness of the shell mounting plate, the shape of the opening is the same as the cross section of the shell, but is slightly larger than the cross section of the shell, so that the cover plate can be conveniently placed and removed, the opening of the leveling plate is vertically communicated, and the size and the shape of the opening are the same as those of the shell mounting plate.
In the fourth step, the connecting piece of the shell mounting plate and the leveling plate needs to ensure that the two plates can freely rotate around the mounting shaft of the connecting piece.
During specific operation, each porous probe is installed on the probe installation plate, a capillary needle tube is inserted into the tail of each porous probe, and the porous probes are connected to the pressure scanning valve through silicone tubes; then, the whole body is inserted into a clamping groove of the shell and locked by a fastening bolt, the silicone tube extends out from one side of the shell, and the other side of the silicone tube is sealed by a cover plate; placing the device in a boundary layer wind tunnel, and calibrating the device under incoming flows of different wind direction angles (including a horizontal deflection angle and a vertical pitch angle); the whole device is arranged at a certain space position under the complex terrain condition of a wind speed section to be measured, the level of the leveling plate is adjusted, the included angle between the leveling plate and the shell installation plate is calculated, the conversion relation between the local coordinate system and the whole coordinate system of the porous probe is determined, and the three-dimensional wind speed of a target area under the whole coordinate system is obtained through the conversion of the test result of the porous probe.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the method of using the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a convenient device of three-dimensional anemometry of wind field which characterized in that:
the I-shaped support frame comprises an I-shaped support frame consisting of an upper end surface, a lower end surface and a middle part, wherein the middle part of the I-shaped support frame is a streamline shell, cover plates are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface, the cover plates and the streamline shell are fixedly arranged in a sealing way, and the cover plate on the lower end surface is provided with a wire outlet;
a clamping groove is fixedly arranged in the streamline shell, a probe mounting plate is arranged in the clamping groove, and the probe mounting plate is clamped and fixed with the clamping groove;
the upper end part and the lower end part of the probe mounting plate are respectively fixed with the upper end part and the lower end part of the clamping groove through fastening bolts;
the leveling device also comprises a shell mounting plate, wherein a leveling plate is arranged above the shell mounting plate in a clinging manner and is hinged with one end of the shell mounting plate;
the probe mounting plate is provided with scales and a plurality of probe mounting holes, and a positioning groove is respectively arranged above the plurality of probe mounting holes; the probe mounting hole is used for fixedly mounting a porous probe, a positioning boss is arranged on the porous probe, and the positioning boss is matched with the positioning groove;
the front part of the shell is provided with a through hole for the penetration of the porous probe;
each hole of the porous probe separated type porous probe is a through cavity, the head of the probe is conical or spherical, and the length of the probe is adjustable;
and a bubble level meter for quickly reading the inclination angle of the probe is also arranged on the side end surface of the leveling plate.
2. The use method of the convenient device for measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of the wind field according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a: mounting the assembled and calibrated convenient device for measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of the wind field on a spatial position to be measured;
b: reading the integral offset distance z0 of each multi-hole probe on the probe mounting plate, wherein when the probe mounting plate is integrally positioned in the clamping groove, z0=0, the ground clearance of the probe closest to the ground is z1, and the distance zij between adjacent probes is provided, wherein j = i +1; therefore, the height of each probe from the ground
；
C: adopting a set square to measure the vertical distance h between the tail end of the leveling plate and the shell mounting plate, and calculating the included angle between the local coordinate system and the whole coordinate system of the probe according to the length l of the leveling plate
，
D: according to
And converting the three-dimensional wind speed result measured by each probe directly to obtain the three-dimensional wind speed profile of the position under the integral coordinate system.
3. The method for manufacturing the portable device for measuring the three-dimensional wind speed of the wind field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the type and number of multi-hole probes to be adopted, wherein the type of the multi-hole probes comprises the number of holes, the opening position, the shape and the diameter of the probe head;
step two: determining the thickness of the probe mounting plates according to the test scale ratio, manufacturing the probe mounting plates matched with the number of the probes, and arranging scales on the probe mounting plates;
step three: manufacturing a streamline shell with the length same as that of the mounting plate, arranging a clamping groove matched with the probe mounting plate in the streamline shell, and arranging fastening bolts at the top and the bottom of the clamping groove;
step four: the top and the bottom of the streamline shell are respectively fixedly provided with a shell mounting plate and a leveling plate which are provided with holes, the shell mounting plate and the leveling plate are connected through a connecting piece, a bubble level gauge is mounted on the leveling plate, and a matched cover plate is manufactured, so that the tightness of a cavity in the device is ensured;
and fifthly, assembling the whole device, calibrating the porous probe, and installing the device in a complex terrain condition after calibration is finished so as to directly measure the wind speed profiles of different spatial positions.
4. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the second step, the upper part and the lower part of the probe mounting plate are respectively marked with scales, so that the overall real-time adjustment of the height of the measuring point can be realized, and the thickness of the probe mounting plate is not too thin on the premise of not influencing the streamline appearance of the shell and ensuring that the size of the shell is not too large, so as to ensure the verticality of the probe and the shell.
5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the second step, the probe mounting holes on the plate are provided with positioning grooves to prevent the probes from rotating in the mounting process.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the third step, the front part of the shell needs to be provided with a slotted hole, and the width is determined by the size of the five-hole probe with each height.
7. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the depth of the opening of the shell mounting plate is smaller than the thickness of the shell mounting plate, the shape of the opening is the same as the cross section of the shell, but is slightly larger than the cross section of the shell, so that the cover plate can be conveniently placed and removed, the opening of the leveling plate is vertically communicated, and the size and the shape of the opening are the same as those of the shell mounting plate.
8. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the connecting piece of the shell mounting plate and the leveling plate needs to ensure that the two plates can rotate freely around the mounting shaft of the connecting piece.
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|---|
| Experimental research on wind flows severely interfered by sea waves;Xu Fuyou et al.;《4th International Conference on Sensors, Measurement and Intelligent Materials (ICSMIM 2015)》;20160130;第1118-1123页 * |
| 单山和双山风场特性的风洞试验;楼文娟等;《浙江大学学报（工学版）》;20160530;第50卷(第5期);第805-812页 * |
| 建筑风环境风洞试验中风速探头的研制与应用;余世策等;《装备环境工程》;20130430;第10卷(第2期);第9-13页 * |
| 湍流尺度内风场的水平向空间相关性研究;楼文娟等;《建筑结构学报》;20160130;第37卷(第1期);第77-84页 * |
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| CN106248990A (en) | 2016-12-21 |
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