CN106247949B - A kind of full optical fiber interference formula optical fibre length measurement method and device - Google Patents
A kind of full optical fiber interference formula optical fibre length measurement method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106247949B CN106247949B CN201610708629.0A CN201610708629A CN106247949B CN 106247949 B CN106247949 B CN 106247949B CN 201610708629 A CN201610708629 A CN 201610708629A CN 106247949 B CN106247949 B CN 106247949B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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Abstract
The present invention provides that a kind of structure is simple and the higher full optical fiber interference formula optical fibre length measurement method of measurement accuracy and device.Full optical fiber interference formula optic fibre length measurer of the present invention includes light source, coupler, coupler, the first optical fiber transmission device, the second optical fiber transmission device, photodetector, testing fiber, signal resolves and display circuit.The present invention uses pulsed light as signal light, it is divided to two-way light to respectively enter two optical fiber transmission devices with certain transmissivity after two couplers, two-way light beam is transmitted through testing fiber in opposite directions, it is again introduced into coupler, and it is interfered in coupler, due to the reflex of optical fiber transmission device, repeatedly interference, photodetector, which occurs, can detect multiple peak pulses.The present invention calculates the average time difference between adjacent peak pulse and can eliminate optical path and circuit bring error in measurement process by measuring multiple electric impulse signal time differences, improves measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical fiber length measuring technologies, and in particular to a kind of full optical fiber interference formula optical fibre length measurement method and
Device.
Background technique
With the development of optical fiber technology, in engineering and production in it is inevitable to the measurement of fiber lengths.Therefore, how quasi-
Really, the length for rapidly measuring one section of optical fiber has important practical application value.
Currently, being used for optical fiber length measuring equipment in engineering is mainly optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR).According to another document report,
Have by adjust phase full optical fiber interference optical fiber length measuring system, the fiber lengths test method based on femtosecond laser,
Optical fiber length measuring system etc. based on differential ring interference technique, however the above method or precision be not high or equipment is too multiple
It is miscellaneous, higher cost.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is to: provide that a kind of structure is simple and the higher full optical fiber interference formula optical fiber length measuring of measurement accuracy
Method and device.
A kind of technical solution of the present invention: full optical fiber interference formula optic fibre length measurer comprising light source 1, coupler
2, coupler 3, the first optical fiber transmission device 4, the second optical fiber transmission device 5, photodetector 6, testing fiber 8, signal are resolved and are shown
Show circuit 7, wherein light source 1 is connect by optical fiber with coupler 2, and coupler 2 connects and composes minimum by optical fiber and coupler 3
Reciprocity optical path, coupler 3 connect the first optical fiber transmission device 4 and the second optical fiber transmission device 5, first optical fiber by optical fiber simultaneously
Transmitter 4 and the second optical fiber transmission device 5 are separately connected 8 both ends of testing fiber, and 6 one end of photodetector is connected by optical fiber and coupled
Device 2, the other end is resolved with signal and display circuit 7 is connect.
First optical fiber transmission device 4 is identical with 5 structure of the second optical fiber transmission device, including the first optical fiber collimator 9, half are instead
Semi-transparent diaphragm 11, the second optical fiber collimator 10, metal-packaged shell 12.Wherein, the first optical fiber collimator 9 and 3 welding of coupler,
Second optical fiber collimator 10 and 8 welding of testing fiber, half-reflection and half-transmission diaphragm 11 are arranged in the first optical fiber collimator 9 and the second optical fiber
For generating reflected light and transmitted light between collimator 10.
A kind of full optical fiber interference formula optical fiber length measuring based on the full optical fiber interference formula optic fibre length measurer
Method uses pulsed light as signal light, and being divided to two-way light to respectively enter two after two couplers has certain transmissivity
Optical fiber transmission device, two-way light beam is transmitted through testing fiber in opposite directions, is again introduced into coupler, and occurs in coupler dry
It relates to, since optical path is minimum reciprocal optical path, two light beams light path is identical, so that interference signal is constructive interference, photoelectricity is visited
Surveying device can detect to obtain peak pulse, then due to the reflex of optical fiber transmission device, can occur repeatedly to interfere, so that photoelectricity
Detector can detect multiple peak pulses, calculate testing fiber length using the time difference of two neighboring peak pulse.
By the time difference between measurement several groups adjacent pulse, multiple groups fiber lengths numerical value can be obtained, and to multiple groups
Fiber lengths numerical value is averaging processing.
By measuring multiple electric impulse signal time differences, and calculate the average time difference between adjacent peak pulse, obtain to
Survey fiber lengths.
The solution have the advantages that: optical fibre length measurement method and device of the present invention are based on sagnac interferometer principle,
Interference light intensity signal is only detected, uses pulsed light as signal light, while using two diaphragm type light with certain transmissivity
Fine transmitter, so that photodetector detects multiple interference light intensity signals, the two neighboring interference light intensity signal detected
Time difference can calculate testing fiber length.Simultaneously by measuring multiple electric impulse signal time differences, measurement process can be eliminated
Middle optical path and circuit bring error improve measurement accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
It is the structural schematic diagram of full optical fiber interference formula optic fibre length measurer of the present invention in Fig. 1, in figure, all optics devices
Part and testing fiber are attached using heat sealing machine, and all optical fibre structure is constituted.Each component representation in figure are as follows: 1- light source, 2- point
2X2 coupler that beam ratio is 50/50, the 2X2 coupler that 3- splitting ratio is 50/50, the first optical fiber that 4- transmissivity is 50% pass
The second optical fiber transmission device, 6- photodetector, 7- signal that defeated device, 5- transmissivity are 50% resolve and display circuit, 8- are to be measured
Optical fiber.
Black arrow is direction of beam propagation in Fig. 1.Light source issues pulsed light, and producing method can be to use electric pulse
Signal Regulation light source adds photoswitch after continuous output light source, and pulse frequency is adjustable.Light source can be laser light source, can also
Think wide spectrum light source.
Fig. 2 is the first optical fiber transmission device and the second optical fiber transmission device internal structure chart.Each section description are as follows: the first optical fiber of 9-
Collimator, the second optical fiber collimator of 10-, 11- half-reflection and half-transmission diaphragm, 12- metal-packaged shell.
Fig. 3 is that light source continuously issues two pulsed optical signals, and photodetector detects one exported after interference light signal
Succession of electrical pulses signal.
Fig. 4 is that circuit resolves schematic diagram, and electric impulse signal is to generate after light source issues a pulsed optical signals in figure, Δ
T1 indicates two neighboring electric impulse signal time interval, and Δ t2 indicates first and the 11st electric impulse signal time interval.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The principle of the invention is based on optical fiber Sagnac interferometer, by the two-beam that transmits in opposite directions in detection optical fiber in output end
Interference light intensity signal measure fiber lengths.Use pulsed light as signal light, while there is certain transmissivity using two
Diaphragm-type optical-fiber transmitter, allow photodetector to detect multiple interference light intensity signals.That detects is two neighboring
The time difference of interference light intensity signal can calculate testing fiber length.Survey can be eliminated by rationally designing optical path and resolving circuit
Optical path and circuit bring error during amount improve measurement accuracy.
Referring to Fig. 1, full optical fiber interference formula optic fibre length measurer comprising light source 1, coupler 2, coupler 3,
One optical fiber transmission device 4, the second optical fiber transmission device 5, photodetector 6, signal resolves and display circuit 7, testing fiber 8.
Each device connection relationship in Fig. 1 are as follows: light source 1 exports tail optical fiber and melted with the one end for inputting tail optical fiber in 2X2 coupler 2
It connects, the other end and photodetector 5 that tail optical fiber is inputted in 2X2 coupler 2 input tail optical fiber and carry out welding, and 2X2 coupler 2 exports tail
Fine one end and 3 welding of 2X2 coupler, 3 both ends of 2X2 coupler export tail optical fiber respectively with the first optical fiber transmission device 4 and the second optical fiber
The input tail optical fiber phase welding of transmitter 5, it is desirable that after welding between 3 to the first optical fiber transmission device 4 of coupler and the second optical fiber transmission device 5
Fiber lengths it is equal, the output tail optical fiber of the first optical fiber transmission device 4 and the second optical fiber transmission device 5 respectively with testing fiber 8 two
Phase welding is held, photodetector 6 is resolved with signal and display circuit 7 is connected resolves for signal.
Wherein, first optical fiber transmission device 4 is identical with 5 structure of the second optical fiber transmission device, specific as shown in Figure 2.Including
First optical fiber collimator 9, half-reflection and half-transmission diaphragm 11, the second optical fiber collimator 10, metal-packaged shell 12.Wherein, the first optical fiber
Collimator 9 and 3 welding of coupler, the second optical fiber collimator 10 and 8 welding of testing fiber, half-reflection and half-transmission diaphragm 11 are arranged first
For generating reflected light and transmitted light between optical fiber collimator 9 and the second optical fiber collimator 10.
Process is embodied:
Step 1: light source 1 issues a pulsed optical signals, and producing method can be to use electric impulse signal modulated light source
Or photoswitch is added to modulate optical path after continuous output light source, pulse frequency is adjustable.Light source can be laser light source, or
Wide spectrum light source.
Step 2: the 2X2 coupler 2 that optical signal is 50/50 by splitting ratio enters the 2X2 coupler that splitting ratio is 50/50
It is divided into the equal two-beam of light intensity after 3, respectively enters diaphragm-type optical-fiber transmitter 4 and optical fiber transmission device 5 that transmissivity is 50%,
50% optical signal is reflected interferes at coupler 3, but since light beam undergoes coupler to lead directly to arm twice, and another light beam
Coupling arm is undergone twice, therefore two-beam phase difference is π, therefore interfering is destructive interference, detector will not generate electric impulse signal.
And 50% optical signal be transmitted through the first optical fiber transmission device 4 and the second optical fiber transmission device 5 after, along testing fiber 8 transmission one
The second optical fiber transmission device 5 and the first optical fiber transmission device 4 are again passed by after week, 50% optical signal enters the hair of 2X2 coupler 3 at this time
Raw interference, due to two couplers composition minimum reciprocal optical paths, the equivalent optical path that two-beam signal is transmitted, therefore, two-beam
For constructive interference, photodetector 6 detects first electric impulse signal.
Step 3: when two-beam is again introduced into the first optical fiber transmission device 4 and the second optical fiber transmission device 5 in step 2, still having
50% optical signal is reflected back testing fiber 8 again, and transmission is again introduced into the second optical fiber transmission device 5 after a week and the first optical fiber passes
Defeated device 4,50% optical signal enter 2X2 coupler 3 and interfere, and detect second electric impulse signal by photodetector 6.
At the same time, 50% optical signal continues to be reflected back testing fiber, is used to form subsequent electric impulse signal, until interference light signal
Decay to detector minimum detectable power.
Step 4: light source continues to issue pulsed optical signals, constantly repeats step 2 to step 3, detector will detect a system
Column electric impulse signal.Fig. 3 describes light source and continuously issues the electric pulse letter that photodetector after two pulsed optical signals detects
Number.
Step 5: testing fiber can be calculated by a series of electric impulse signals caused by one pulsed optical signals of measurement
It is as shown in Figure 4 to resolve principle for length.Adjacent two pulse signal intervals Δ t1 represents optical signal by testing fiber 8 in Fig. 4
With the time of the output tail optical fiber of the first optical fiber transmission device 4 and the second optical fiber transmission device 5, i.e.,
Δ t1=(L0+L1+L2)*n/c
L in above formula0Indicate 8 length of testing fiber, L1Indicate that the first optical fiber transmission device 4 exports tail optical fiber length, L2Indicate second
Optical fiber transmission device 5 exports tail optical fiber length, and n is testing fiber refractive index, and c is the light velocity in vacuum.By measuring Δ t1, if known n,
L1And L2, L can be calculated0。
Step 6: when circuit resolves, rationally designing signal resolving circuit 7, it can be determined that when receiving first pulse signal
When, while triggering timing device and pulse counter, stop timer and pulse counter when receiving the 11st pulse, at this time
Timer duration Δ t2=10* Δ t1.The testing fiber length L calculated by Δ t20Optical path can be eliminated and circuit noise produces
Raw error improves measurement accuracy.Testing fiber length L can be calculated and be shown using single-chip microcontroller0。
Claims (4)
1. a kind of full optical fiber interference formula optic fibre length measurer, which is characterized in that including light source (1), coupler (2), coupling
Device (3), the first optical fiber transmission device (4), the second optical fiber transmission device (5), photodetector (6), signal resolving circuit and display
(7), wherein light source (1) is connect by optical fiber with coupler (2), and coupler (2) is connect by optical fiber with coupler (3), is coupled
Device (3) connects the first optical fiber transmission device (4) and the second optical fiber transmission device (5), first optical fiber transmission device by optical fiber simultaneously
(4) and the second optical fiber transmission device (5) is separately connected testing fiber (8) both ends, and photodetector (6) one end connects coupling by optical fiber
Clutch (2), the other end is resolved with signal and display circuit (7) is connect, first optical fiber transmission device (4) and the transmission of the second optical fiber
Device (5) structure is identical, including the first optical fiber collimator (9), half-reflection and half-transmission diaphragm (11), the second optical fiber collimator (10), metal
Package casing (12), wherein the first optical fiber collimator (9) and coupler (3) welding, the second optical fiber collimator (10) and light to be measured
Fine (8) welding, half-reflection and half-transmission diaphragm (11) setting are used between the first optical fiber collimator (9) and the second optical fiber collimator (10)
Generate reflected light and transmitted light.
2. a kind of full optical fiber interference formula optical fiber based on full optical fiber interference formula optic fibre length measurer described in claim 1 is long
Spend measurement method, which is characterized in that use pulsed light as signal light, being divided to two-way light to respectively enter two after coupler has
The optical fiber transmission device of certain transmissivity, two-way light beam are transmitted through testing fiber in opposite directions, are again introduced into coupler, and in coupler
It inside interferes, since optical path is minimum reciprocal optical path, two light beams light path is identical, so that interference signal is constructive interference, light
Electric explorer can detect to obtain peak pulse, then due to the reflex of optical fiber transmission device, can occur repeatedly to interfere, so that
Photodetector can detect multiple peak pulses, and it is long to calculate testing fiber using the time difference of two neighboring peak pulse
Degree.
3. full optical fiber interference formula optical fibre length measurement method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that several by measuring
Time difference between group adjacent pulse, multiple groups fiber lengths numerical value can be obtained, and be averaged to multiple groups fiber lengths numerical value
Processing.
4. full optical fiber interference formula optical fibre length measurement method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that multiple by measuring
The electric impulse signal time difference, and the average time difference between adjacent peak pulse is calculated, obtain testing fiber length.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108645344B (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-11-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber core size measuring device and method based on Fabry-Perot interference |
| CN110260798B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2024-02-13 | 广东海洋大学 | Length measuring method and device based on optical fiber transmission and laser interference |
| CN111947579A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-17 | 昂纳信息技术（深圳）有限公司 | Optical fiber length measuring method |
| CN112361955B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-07-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Optical fiber Sagnac interferometer based on femtosecond laser |
| CN112525084A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-19 | 广东复安科技发展有限公司 | Device and method for measuring length of optical fiber |
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