CN106247368A - 一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法和系统 - Google Patents
一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106247368A CN106247368A CN201610614713.6A CN201610614713A CN106247368A CN 106247368 A CN106247368 A CN 106247368A CN 201610614713 A CN201610614713 A CN 201610614713A CN 106247368 A CN106247368 A CN 106247368A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen oxide Substances 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O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/002—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus for pulverulent solid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L13/00—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
- F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
本发明公开了一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法，即经再循环风机抽取一部分烟气作为循环烟气先与一部分高温二次风混合，再与携带煤粉的一次风混合；根据检测到的这三种混合气体的含氧量调节抽取的循环烟气量，从而调整进入燃烧器中煤粉气流的含氧量；根据检测到的这三种混合后气体的温度调节与循环烟气进行混合的高温二次风的量，从而调整进入燃烧器中的气体的温度。本发明还公开了一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统，包括一次风机、第一混合器、锅炉、再循环风机、第二混合器和二次风机；锅炉包括燃烧器、炉膛和空气预热器；第一混合器与燃烧器之间设置有氧量表和温度计。本发明在可获得同等减排效果的前提下提高煤粉着火的稳定性。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明，属于煤燃烧污染物减排控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法和系统。
背景技术
[0002]氮氧化物(NOx)作为造成大气污染、光化学烟雾、酸雨以及温室效应的主要根源之一，其治理已经成为人们关注和研究的焦点。2014年我国NOx排放总量达到2078万吨，其中70%来自于煤炭的燃烧，因此煤的燃烧是NOx排放的主要来源。根据最新的《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》，从2014年7月起，现役燃煤锅炉NOx的排放量必须降至100mg/m3以下，对于一些发达城市，污染物排放水平要求更高，有的地区要求NOx的排放浓度低于100mg/Nm3，而工业锅炉常规NOx排放水平约在300-500mg/Nm3范围内，所以发展工业锅炉的低氮燃烧技术已经势在必行。
[0003]根据煤的燃烧机理，氮氧化物的生成途径主要有三种:热力型、燃料型及快速型3种，其中燃料型占NOx总生成量的60%-80%，热力型最高占20%，快速型占NOx排放总量通常在5%以下。燃料型NOx是由燃料中氮化合物在燃烧中氧化而成，一般燃料的含氮量、燃料的挥发分含量、着火阶段氧浓度等对燃料型NOx的影响较大，控制燃料型NOx的主要技术措施有低氧燃烧、烟气再循环、低NOx燃烧器、空气分级燃烧。
[0004]烟气再循环法是在通过烟气循环风机抽取一部分低温烟气，与一次风、二次风混合后或者直接送入炉内，由于烟气的温度较低，这样不仅降低了炉膛的温度，同时稀释了氧的浓度，因而可以降低NOx的排放水平。但烟气再循环系统对燃煤品质有一定的要求，尤其对于工业煤粉锅炉，用于携带煤粉的空气温度为一次风机直接从空气中抽取的空气，未经过空气预热设备，因此，当燃煤品质较低时可能造成煤粉着火困难、火焰不稳定和燃尽率偏低的问题。
发明内容
[0005]有鉴于现有技术的缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法和系统，解决煤燃烧产生大量NOx的问题，同时不会因燃煤品质较低而出现着火困难、火焰不稳定和/或燃尽率低的问题。
[0006]为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法，其特征在于，经再循环风机在锅炉出口抽取一部分烟气作为循环烟气先与一部分高温二次风混合，然后送至一次风混合器再与携带煤粉的一次风混合;根据检测到的一次风混合器流向燃烧器的气体的含氧量调整再循环风机的出力来调节抽取的循环烟气的量，从而调整从一次风混合器进入燃烧器中的气体的含氧量;根据检测到的一次风混合器流向燃烧器的气体的温度调整控制高温二次风进入量的阀门来调节与循环烟气进行混合的高温二次风的混入量，从而调整从一次风混合器进入燃烧器中的气体的温度。
[0007]进一步地，未与循环烟气进行混合的高温二次风直接进入燃烧器。
[0008]进一步地，点火时，一次风、与循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、循环烟气混合的体积比为10:0:0、8:2:0、7:3:0或5:5:0;当锅炉的负荷是30 %时，一次风、与循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、循环烟气混合的体积比为8:0:2,6:0:4,6:2:2,5:0:5,5:2:3或5:3:2;当锅炉的负荷多70%时，一次风、与循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、循环烟气混合的体积比为6:0:4、6:2:2、5:0:5、5:2:3或5:3:2。
[0009]进一步地，未经再循环风机抽取的烟气被排出。
[0010]本发明还提供了一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统，包括依次连接的一次风机、第一混合器、锅炉、再循环风机和第二混合器，以及与锅炉连接的二次风机；
[0011 ]锅炉包括燃烧器、炉膛和空气预热器;燃烧器分别与炉膛和第一混合器连接;二次风机、空气预热器和燃烧器依次连接;第二混合器通过阀门与空气预热器和燃烧器连接;第二混合器还与第一混合器连接;第一混合器与燃烧器之间设置有氧量表和温度计。本发明中的第一混合器事实上就是前面所提到的一次风混合器。
[0012] 进一步地，第二混合器通过阀门与空气预热器和燃烧器之间的管路连接。优选地，阀门是单向阀。优选地，单向阀只允许气流从空气预热器流向第二混合器。
[0013] 进一步地，还包括除尘器和烟囱，烟囱通过除尘器与锅炉的出口连接。
[0014]进一步地，还包括引风机，除尘器通过引风机与烟囱连接。
[0015]进一步地，再循环风机通过除尘器与锅炉的出口相连。
[0016]进一步地，还包括依次连接的煤粉仓、给粉机和第三混合器，第三混合器还分别与一次风机和第一混合器连接。
[0017]进一步地，燃烧器是旋流燃烧器;旋流燃烧器设置在炉膛的侧墙、顶部或者底部。
[0018]本发明的有益效果是:在保证锅炉煤粉着火稳定性的前提下，混入循环烟气降低燃烧器中煤粉气流(即携带有煤粉的气流)中的氧气浓度，从而降低燃烧器出口煤粉着火区域的氧浓度，进而降低NOx的形成和排放，减轻煤燃烧对环境的污染;通过调整一、二次风的混合比例可对燃烧器中的煤粉气流温度进行调节，从而可适应煤粉品质的波动，增大烟气再循环系统对煤种的适用范围；此工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统结构简单，根据需要抽取适量烟气进入一次风管道形成烟气再循环，其余烟气被排出，因而烟气再循环率低，从而避免烟气再循环率过高而造成的燃尽率下降的问题，并可降低建造费用，降低再循环风机的功率和运行能耗。综上所述，本发明的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统和方法通过调节三股气流的混合比例可灵活调整燃烧器中气体的含氧量和温度，在实现低NOx排放的目标下，强化了煤粉着火的稳定性，实现了工业煤粉锅炉洁净、高效、经济运行的目的。
[0019]以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
[0020]图1-3是本发明工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统三个较佳实施例的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0021]如图1所示，工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统包括:一次风机1、煤粉仓4、给粉机3、第三混合器2、第一混合器5、氧量表6、温度计7、锅炉、二次风机14、再循环风机13、第二混合器12、除尘器15、引风机16和烟囱17。该锅炉包括旋流燃烧器8、炉膛9和空气预热器10。图中的箭头表示气流流向。
[0022]煤粉仓4、给粉机3、第三混合器2依次连接。一次风机I通过第三混合器2与第一混合器5连接。第一混合器5分别与旋流燃烧器8、第二混合器12连接。氧量表6和温度计7设置在第一混合器5和旋流燃烧器8的连接管路之间，分别用于测量该管路流经的煤粉气流的含氧量和温度。旋流燃烧器8设置在炉膛9的侧墙上，也可以设置在炉膛9的顶部或者底部。二次风机14、空气预热器10、旋流燃烧器8依次连接。再循环风机13与锅炉的出口连接，再与第二混合器12连接。第二混合器12与第一混合器5连接。第二混合器12还通过阀门11与空气预热器10和旋流燃烧器8之间的管路连接。除尘器15与锅炉的出口连接，并通过引风机16与烟囱17连接。
[0023]本发明工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统的具体工艺流程:煤粉仓4中的煤粉通过给粉机3进入第三混合器2，与一次风机I鼓入的冷空气(即一次风)在第三混合器2中混合成为带煤粉的一次风。带煤粉的一次风进入第一混合器5中。另一方面，由再循环风机13抽出的锅炉的出口处的部分烟气(即循环烟气)进入第二混合器12。二次风机14鼓入的冷空气(即二次风)流经空气预热器10得到加热，成为高温二次风。一部分高温二次风直接进入旋流燃烧器8;另一部分高温二次风经过阀门11进入第二混合器12，与其中的循环烟气混合后流入第一混合器5，再与第一混合器5中的带煤粉的一次风混合。混合后的这三股气流(即带煤粉的一次风、部分高温二次风和循环烟气)流向旋流燃烧器8用于燃烧。混合后的这三股气流在流经氧量表6和温度计7时，其含氧量和温度得到检测。根据检测到的含氧量，调整再循环风机13的出力来调节抽取的循环烟气的量从而调整进入旋流燃烧器8中的气体的含氧量。根据检测到的这三股气流的温度调整阀门11来调节与循环烟气进行混合的高温二次风的混入量，从而调整进入旋流燃烧器8中的气体的温度。未经再循环风机13抽取的锅炉出口处的烟气经除尘器15除尘，在引风机16的引导下，从烟囱17排出。
[0024]本发明工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统的另一个实现方式是:如图2所示，再循环风机13与除尘器15连接。从锅炉出口出来的烟气先经过除尘器15除尘后，一部分烟气被再循环风机13抽取出来进入第二混合器12，另一部分烟气在引风机16的引导下，从烟囱17排出。再循环风机13并非直接抽取从锅炉出来的烟气。其余与前述实施方式同。
[0025]本发明工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统的再一个实现方式是:如图3所示，再循环风机13与引风机16连接。从锅炉出口出来的烟气先经过除尘器15除尘后，在引风机16的引导下，一部分烟气被再循环风机13抽取出来进入第二混合器12，另一部分烟气从烟囱17排出。其余与前述第一种实施方式同。
[0026]本发明工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法是再循环风机13在锅炉出口抽取一部分烟气先与一部分高温二次风在第二混合器12内混合，然后将混合烟气送至第一混合器5(即一次风混合器)再与携带煤粉的一次风气流混合，然后进入旋流燃烧器8，在进入旋流燃烧器8前的一次风管路上设置氧量表6和温度计7。运行时根据旋流燃烧器8煤粉燃烧的状态通过调整再循环风机13的出力调节循环烟气量进而调整旋流燃烧器8中的气体的含氧量;通过调阀门11调整高温二次风的混入量进而调整进入旋流燃烧器8的气体的温度。三股气流的比例可以根据锅炉额运行状态进行调整，点火阶段需关闭再循环风机13，开启阀门U，使一二次风混合，提高旋流燃烧器8中的空气的温度，有利于点火过程中煤粉着火的稳定。当锅炉负荷超过30%负荷，且旋流燃烧器8出口火焰稳定后可以考虑开启再循环风机13，以降低进入旋流燃烧器8的气体中氧气的含量，从而实现煤粉的高效、清洁燃烧。
[0027]点火时，一次风、与循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、循环烟气混合的体积比可为10:0:0、8:2:0、7:3:0或5:5:0，根据燃煤品质的变化调整体积比，煤质品质越好则一次风比例越高；
[0028] 30%负荷时，一次风、与循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、循环烟气混合的体积比可为8:0:2、6:0:4、6:2:2、5:0:5、5:2:3或5: 3:2，根据燃煤品质的变化调整体积比，煤种品质越好则循环烟气比例越高、与循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风比例越低；
[0029] 70%以上负荷时，一次风、与循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、循环烟气混合的体积比可为6:0:4、6: 2: 2、5:0: 5、5: 2:3或5:3: 2，根据燃煤品质的变化调整体积比，煤种品质越好则循环烟气比例越高、与循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风比例越低。
[0030]以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施方式。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法，其特征在于，经再循环风机在锅炉出口抽取一部分烟气作为循环烟气先与一部分高温二次风混合，然后送至一次风混合器再与携带煤粉的一次风混合;根据检测到的所述一次风混合器流向燃烧器的气体的含氧量调整所述再循环风机的出力来调节抽取的所述循环烟气的量，从而调整从所述一次风混合器进入所述燃烧器中的气体的含氧量;根据检测到的所述一次风混合器流向燃烧器的气体的温度调整控制所述高温二次风进入量的阀门来调节与所述循环烟气进行混合的所述高温二次风的混入量，从而调整从所述一次风混合器进入所述燃烧器中的气体的温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法，其特征在于，未与所述循环烟气进行混合的所述高温二次风直接进入所述燃烧器。
3.如权利要求2所述的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法，其特征在于，点火时，所述一次风、与所述循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、所述循环烟气混合的体积比为10:0:O、8:2:0、7:3:0或5:5:0;当所述锅炉的负荷是30%时，所述一次风、与所述循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、所述循环烟气混合的体积比为8:0:2,6:0:4,6:2:2,5:0:5,5:2:3或5:3:2;当所述锅炉的负荷多70%时，所述一次风、与所述循环烟气先行混合的高温二次风、所述循环烟气混合的体积比为6:0:4、6:2:2、5:0:5、5:2:3或5:3: 2。
4.如权利要求3所述的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法，其特征在于，未经所述再循环风机抽取的所述烟气被排出。
5.—种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统，其特征在于，包括依次连接的一次风机、第一混合器、锅炉、再循环风机和第二混合器，以及与所述锅炉连接的二次风机； 所述锅炉包括燃烧器、炉膛和空气预热器;所述燃烧器分别与所述炉膛和所述第一混合器连接;所述二次风机、所述空气预热器和所述燃烧器依次连接;所述第二混合器通过阀门与所述空气预热器和所述燃烧器连接;所述第二混合器还与所述第一混合器连接;所述第一混合器与所述燃烧器之间设置有氧量表和温度计。
6.如权利要求5所述的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统，其特征在于，还包括除尘器和烟囱，所述烟囱通过所述除尘器与所述锅炉的出口连接。
7.如权利要求6所述的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统，其特征在于，还包括引风机，所述除尘器通过所述弓I风机与所述烟囱连接。
8.如权利要求7所述的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统，其特征在于，所述再循环风机通过所述除尘器与所述锅炉的出口相连。
9.如权利要求5所述的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统，其特征在于，还包括依次连接的煤粉仓、给粉机和第三混合器，所述第三混合器还分别与所述一次风机和所述第一混合器连接。
10.如权利要求5所述的工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧系统，其特征在于，所述燃烧器是旋流燃烧器;所述旋流燃烧器设置在所述炉膛的侧墙、顶部或者底部。
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