CN107192271B - 一种冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用系统及方法 - Google Patents
一种冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107192271B CN107192271B CN201710553057.8A CN201710553057A CN107192271B CN 107192271 B CN107192271 B CN 107192271B CN 201710553057 A CN201710553057 A CN 201710553057A CN 107192271 B CN107192271 B CN 107192271B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920002456 HOTAIR Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical group 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound 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[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound 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- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/001—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
Abstract
本发明提供了一种冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用系统及方法，生产中杂散烟气与高温工艺烟气进行热交换，替代了传统工艺中用冷空气与高温烟气进行换热，提高了换热初始温度，使冶炼生产所需的二次热风温度明显升高；且杂散烟气中含氧量高，为冶金炉窑粉煤燃料充分燃烧提供了有利条件，提高了炉内温度，减少燃料的消耗。通过设置的风量、温度联锁装置，控制二次风补入量和温度，实现了温度和风量的智能化调节。通过布袋除尘器对杂散烟气进行净化，实现了杂散烟气中有价金属有效回收，使现场作业环境明显改善，减少了单独新建一套低浓度杂散烟气脱硫装置的投资和运行费用，环境效益、经济效益显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶炼烟气环保治理技术领域，涉及冶炼生产工艺中的杂散烟气，具体涉及一种冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用系统及方法。
背景技术
冶炼生产过程中，工艺烟气二氧化硫浓度在7000mg/Nm3～28000 mg/Nm3，工艺烟气通过降温除尘后进入脱硫系统，而在生产过程中冰铜放出口和排渣口会逸散出大量的低浓度二氧化硫，浓度在400mg/Nm3～3000 mg/Nm3之间波动，严重影响周边的环境和岗位人员身心健康，为了保持厂房内良好作业环境，通过厂房内固定集气罩对烟气进行回收，但杂散烟气具有气量大、含氧高、二氧化硫浓度低、温度低等主要特点，目前传统的方法采用单独新建一套杂散烟气脱硫装置对此部分烟气进行回收处理，但是针对杂散烟气的特点，存在工艺选型难度大，运行成本高的缺点。
传统的冶炼生产过程中，采用低压蒸汽锅炉和空气预热器回收高温烟气中的热量，锅炉产生的蒸汽并入热力总管网，空气预热器采用冷空气与热烟气间接换热的方式将冷空气加热，冷空气通常来自于外界的空气，由于外界空气受季节变化和昼夜温差的影响，温度不恒定，造成换热后产生的二次热风温度波动较大，增加了炉窑操作控制难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的为了降低生产成本、提高资源利用率针对冶炼生产工艺中产生的杂散烟气提供了一种回收利用系统。
本发明的另一目的在于提供了一种采用上述系统进行回收利用冶炼生产工艺中产生的杂散烟气的方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用系统，主要由粉煤燃烧系统，工艺烟气降温除尘系统、杂散烟气收集系统、杂散烟气除尘换热系统组成；
粉煤燃烧系统包括粉煤接收仓，由一次鼓风机提供输送动力，将粉煤接收仓中的粉末状煤粉进行打散后输入粉煤燃烧器内，在冶金炉窑中进行燃烧；
工艺烟气降温除尘系统，包括低压蒸汽锅炉、空气预热器和电除尘器，冶金炉窑中的含硫金属物料在熔化过程中产生工艺烟气通过工艺烟道进入低压蒸汽锅炉进行降温和除去大颗粒尘粒，降温后的工艺烟气进入空气预热器进一步降温，当温度降至350℃以下后，烟气进入静电除尘器对烟气中细小颗粒进行收集，进化后的气体进入脱硫装置进行脱硫；
杂散烟气收集系统，包括集气罩，冶金炉窑的冰铜放出口和排渣口上方均设有对逸散的烟气进行收集的集气罩，通过杂散烟气输送管道进入布袋除尘器对烟气中尘粒进行收集，布袋除尘器中的尘粒通过排灰阀回收至相应物料接收仓；
杂散烟气除尘换热系统，包括二次热风机和补气风机，经布袋除尘器净化后的气体通过输气管进入空气预热器与其内的高温工艺烟气进行间接换热，换热产生的二次热风由二次热风机鼓入冶金炉窑内，补充炉窑生产所需的热量，通过烟气流量控制联锁阀对二次热风补入量进行调节，通过监测点对二次热风温度、流量进行监控，温度过高或空气量不足时，通过开启输气管上设置的补气阀门和补气风机对二热次风温度和气量进行调节。
一种采用上述系统进行冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用的方法， 具体包括以下步骤：
A．开启一次鼓风机，将粉煤接收仓落下的粉末状的粉煤进行打散进入粉煤燃烧器内，在反射炉炉膛内进行燃烧，在生产过程中高浓度工艺烟气通过烟道进入低压蒸汽锅炉和空气预热器对烟气中的热量进行收集，经电除尘器对烟气中的含尘颗粒进行去除后进入硫酸系统进行配气制酸；
B．开启二次热风机和布袋收尘器，在固定集气罩处形成负压对生产过程中炉膛的冰铜放出口和排渣口处逸散的杂散烟气进行收集、除尘，进入空气预热器与冶炼过程的高温工艺烟气进行热交换，使杂散烟气温度升高形成二次热风作为助燃风鼓入炉膛内；
C．根据生产所需的空气量，通过烟气流量控制联锁阀对二次热风鼓入量进行调整，调整二次热风机的频率，同时对二次热风的温度通过监测点进行监控，当二次热风温度过高时，开启补气阀门和补气风机对热风烟气进行降温，达到正常生产要求。
对杂散烟气中的含尘颗粒中富含的有价金属通过布袋收尘器进行收集作为原料返回生产系统。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明利用冶炼生产过程中产生的杂散烟气与生产工艺中高温烟气进行换热，提高了换热初始温度，换热时间短、使杂散烟气得到有效的循环利用。杂散烟气与冶炼过程的高温烟气进行热交换，使杂散烟气温度升高形成二次热风作为助燃风鼓入炉膛内，二次热风中含氧量高，为炉膛内粉煤的充分燃烧提供了保证，为冶金炉窑粉煤燃料充分燃烧提供了有利条件，提高了炉内温度，减少燃料的消耗。本发明通过设置的风量、温度联锁装置，控制二次风补入量和温度，实现了温度和风量的智能化调节。通过布袋除尘器对杂散烟气进行净化，实现了杂散烟气中有价金属有效回收，使现场作业环境明显改善，减少了单独新建一套低浓度杂散烟气脱硫装置的投资和运行费用，降低了生产成本、经济效益显著。
本发明对冶炼工艺中产生的杂散烟气实现了有效的回收利用，现场作业环境明显改善，烟气中的有价金属得到回收。
附图说明
图1为本发明回收利用系统的示意图。
图中：1—一次鼓风机；2—粉煤接收仓；3—粉煤燃烧器；4—冶金炉窑；5—冰铜放出口的集气罩； 6—排渣口的集气罩；7—杂散烟气输送管道；8—高温工艺烟气输送管道；9—布袋收尘器；10—排灰阀；11—低压蒸汽锅炉；12—空气预热器；13—二次热风机；14—烟气流量控制联锁阀；15—二次热风烟气流量温度监测点；16—静电除尘器；17—脱硫装置；18—补气阀门；19—补气风机。
具体实施方式
一种冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用系统，主要包括粉煤燃烧系统，工艺烟气降温除尘系统、环集烟气收集系统、杂散烟气除尘换热系统组成；
粉煤燃烧系统中通过一次鼓风机1将粉煤接收仓2落下的粉末状粉煤进行打散，通过粉煤燃烧器3在冶金炉窑4炉内进行燃烧。
在炉中对金属物料进行升温熔化，产生的高浓度二氧化硫烟气依次经过低压蒸汽锅炉11和空气预热器12进行降温，在静电除尘器16内对含尘颗粒进行去除，净化后的气体进入制酸系统的脱硫装置17。
杂散烟气收集系统主要由固定在冰铜放出口的集气罩5和排渣口的集气罩6、及相应的管路组成，由后续的二次热风机13作为引风机提供负压，在集气罩周边形成负压区，将逸散的杂散烟气进行有效的收集。
杂散烟气通过管路首先输送至布袋除尘器9对烟气中的含尘颗粒进行收集，布袋除尘器9收尘效率能够保证在99%以上，收集的烟尘中富含有价金属，通过布袋除尘器9底部的排灰阀10返回至物料仓，净化后的环集烟气进入空气预热器12与其内的高温工艺烟气通过列管进行间接的换热，杂散烟气温度升高，通过二次热风机13将温度升高后的杂散烟气通过管路鼓入冶金炉窑4中，提供炉膛内粉煤燃烧所需的热量和氧气。通过二次热风机输入端烟气流量控制联锁阀14对该二次热风补入量进行调节，通过二次热风机输入端的监测点15对二次热风温度进行监控，通过输气管上设置的补气阀门18和补气风机19对热风温度和气量进行调节。通过监测点15对流量监测，根据冶金炉窑4生产所需的空气量，设定基准空气量，使空气流量实测值与烟气流量控制联锁阀14设置联锁，当空气量大于基准值时联锁阀门开度关小，当空气量小于基准值时，联锁阀门开度增大，实现空气量的自动联锁控制。当二次热风温度过高时，开启补气阀门18和补气风机19对热风烟气进行降温，达到正常生产要求。
实施例1
某冶炼炉窑正常生产时炉温控制在1200℃-1300℃，工艺烟气温度为330℃，在冰铜口和排渣口逸散的杂散烟气温度为75℃，二氧化硫浓度为0.17%，烟气含尘在500mg/Nm3，将此部分环集烟气通过二次热风机送入布袋除尘器除尘，出口含尘<50mg/Nm3，将初步净化后的气体送入空气预热器与正常生产的高温工艺烟气进行热交换，最终产烟气量为5400Nm3/h的二次热风，温度为250℃，将换热后的热风温度通过粉煤燃烧器送入炉内进行正常生产。
实施例2
某冶炼炉窑正常生产时炉温控制在1200℃-1300℃，工艺烟气温度为400℃，在冰铜口和排渣口逸散的杂散烟气温度为80℃，二氧化硫浓度为0.14%，烟气含尘在700mg/Nm3，将此部分杂散烟气通过二次热风机送入布袋除尘器除尘，出口含尘<50mg/Nm3，将初步净化后的气体送入空气预热器与正常生产的高温工艺烟气进行热交换，最终产烟气量为4600Nm3/h的二次热风，温度为290℃，由于换热温度过高，开启补气阀和补气风机，补入空气进行降温，最终温度降至250℃左右，补入空气后，二次热风烟气量为6000Nm3/h，将此部分热风通过粉煤燃烧器送入炉内进行正常生产。
Claims (3)
1.一种冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用系统，其特征在于：主要由粉煤燃烧系统，工艺烟气降温除尘系统、杂散烟气收集系统、杂散烟气除尘换热系统组成；
粉煤燃烧系统，包括粉煤接收仓（2），由一次鼓风机（1）提供输送动力，将粉煤接收仓（2）中的粉末状煤粉进行打散后输出至粉煤燃烧器（3）内，在冶金炉窑（4）中进行燃烧；
工艺烟气降温除尘系统，包括低压蒸汽锅炉（11）、空气预热器（12）和电除尘器（16），冶金炉窑（4）中的含硫金属物料在熔化过程中产生工艺烟气通过工艺烟道（8）进入低压蒸汽锅炉（11）进行降温和除去大颗粒尘粒，降温后的工艺烟气进入空气预热器（12）进一步降温，当温度降至350℃以下烟气进入静电除尘器（16）对烟气中细小颗粒进行收集，净化后的气体进入脱硫装置（17）进行脱硫；
杂散烟气收集系统，包括分别设于冶金炉窑（4）冰铜放出口和排渣口对逸散烟气进行收集的集气罩（5），集气罩（5）收集的烟气通过杂散烟气输送管道（7）进入布袋除尘器（9），布袋除尘器（9）中的尘粒通过排灰阀（10）回收至相应物料接收仓；
杂散烟气除尘换热系统，包括二次热风机（13）和补气风机（19），经布袋除尘器（9）净化后的气体通过输气管进入空气预热器（12）与其内的高温工艺烟气进行间接换热，换热产生的二次热风由二次热风机（13）鼓入冶金炉窑（4）内，补充炉窑生产所需的热量，通过烟气流量控制联锁阀（14）对该二次热风补入量进行调节，通过监测点（15）对二次热风温度进行监控，通过输气管上设置的补气阀门（18）和补气风机（19）对热风温度和气量进行调节。
2.一种采用如权利要求1所述的系统进行冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用的方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：
A．开启一次鼓风机，将粉煤接收仓落下的粉末状的粉煤进行打散进入粉煤燃烧器内在冶金炉窑（4）的反射炉炉膛内进行燃烧，在生产过程中高浓度工艺烟气通过烟道进入低压蒸汽锅炉（11）和空气预热器（12）对烟气中的热量进行收集，经电除尘器（16）对烟气中的含尘颗粒进行去除后进入硫酸系统进行配气制酸；
B．开启二次热风机（13）和布袋收尘器（9），在冶金炉窑（4）固定集气罩处形成负压对生产过程中炉膛的冰铜放出口和排渣口逸散的杂散烟气进行收集、除尘，进入空气预热器（12）与冶炼过程的高温工艺烟气进行热交换，使杂散烟气温度升高形成二次热风作为助燃风鼓入炉膛内；
C．根据生产所需的空气量，通过烟气流量控制联锁阀（14）对二次热风鼓入量进行调整，调整二次热风机（13）的频率，同时对二次热风的温度、流量通过监测点（15）进行监控，当二次热风温度过高时，开启补气阀门（18）和补气风机（19）对热风烟气进行降温，达到正常生产要求。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种冶炼生产工艺中杂散烟气回收利用方法，其特征在于：杂散烟气中的含尘颗粒中富含的有价金属通过布袋收尘器（9）进行收集后作为原料返回生产系统。
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| CN201954556U (zh) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-08-31 | 北京机电院高技术股份有限公司 | 一种降低垃圾焚烧烟气中氮氧化物排放限值装置 |
| CN106247368A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 上海交通大学 | 一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法和系统 |
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| JPS5761636A (en) * | 1980-09-30 | 1982-04-14 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Heat recovery in glass-melting furnace |
| CN201954556U (zh) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-08-31 | 北京机电院高技术股份有限公司 | 一种降低垃圾焚烧烟气中氮氧化物排放限值装置 |
| CN106247368A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 上海交通大学 | 一种工业煤粉锅炉烟气再循环低氮燃烧方法和系统 |
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