CN106246145B - Current limliting determines phase perforating gun system and method - Google Patents

Current limliting determines phase perforating gun system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106246145B
CN106246145B CN201610392806.9A CN201610392806A CN106246145B CN 106246145 B CN106246145 B CN 106246145B CN 201610392806 A CN201610392806 A CN 201610392806A CN 106246145 B CN106246145 B CN 106246145B
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China
Prior art keywords
ammunition
perforating gun
ammunitions
fracture planes
gun system
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CN201610392806.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106246145A (en
Inventor
J·T·哈德斯蒂
J·A·罗林斯
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Geodynamics Inc
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Geodynamics Inc
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/732,184 external-priority patent/US9845666B2/en
Application filed by Geodynamics Inc filed Critical Geodynamics Inc
Publication of CN106246145A publication Critical patent/CN106246145A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction

Abstract

Disclose it is a kind of for deflection/horizontal wellhole in the Perforations of accurate perforation determine phase gun system and method.The system/method includes the rifle string component (GSA) with cumulative ammunition cluster being deployed in wellhole.It by ammunition interval and is at an angle of, so that the ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes in perforation.In pressure break, crack starts from from the position up and down of wellhole from the minimum principal stress position in the preferred fracture planes vertical with wellhole.Later, crack is radially connected in preferred fracture planes around wellhole.Frac treatment in preferred fracture planes in order to crack longer extension and generate the path with minimal distortion degree, realize effective oil and natural gas flow velocity in process of production.

Description

Current limliting determines phase perforating gun system and method
Cross reference to related applications
The application is part continuation application, and is required in " LIMITED submitting, entitled on January 16th, 2015 The U.S. part of ENTRY PHASED PERFORATING GUN SYSTEM AND METHOD " continues patent application the 14/th 598, No. 868 priority, and the application is on 2 8th, 2014 " LIMITED ENTRY submitting, entitled U.S. Non-provisional Patent application the 14/176,056th of PHASED PERFORATING GUN SYSTEM AND METHOD " Part continuation application, contents of these applications are all used as example to be incorporated herein by the following way herein.
It abandons the part of copyright
All material in present patent application by the U.S. and other countries the Copyright Law copyright protection.From the application First effective submitting day rise, which is protected as unpub material.
However, being granted herein in copyright owner for by anyone the consentient feelings of facsimile reproduction patent document or patent disclosure The material is replicated under condition, if it is appeared in the patent document or record of U.S.Patent & Trademark Office, in addition to this, anyway Retain whole copyright rights whatsoevers.
The statement of research and development about federal government's patronage
It is not applicable
With reference to Microfiche appendix
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Technical field
The present invention relates generally to one kind to be used in oil and natural gas industry to wellbore and underground hydrocarbon formations explosion The perforating gun of perforation, more particularly, it relates to which a kind of be used for wellbore and surrounding underground hydrocarbon formations excellent The improved equipment for selecting fracture planes borehole blasting to perforate.
The prior art and background of invention
Background technique
During Completion Operations, rifle string component is located in the isolated area in wellbore.Rifle string component includes passing through string Connect or connect by ring the multi-openings rifle being coupled to each other.Then emit perforating gun, across casing and cement and inject Hole is formed in target rock.Rock containing petroleum, natural gas is connected to wellhole by these perforations.According to U.S. US 7,441, 601 files " during completing petroleum and/or the natural gas well, usually allow hydrocarbon stream to enter hydrocarbon containing formation perforation by explosive Wellhole.These ammunitions (charge) are loaded in perforating gun, and are usually to generate penetrating for explosion formation in the selected direction The cumulative ammunition of jet stream ".
In recent years, it is set using angled cumulative bullet stype to provide intersection perforation and produce great concern.Example Such as, referring to by the written paper of Halliburton, Bersas et al.: Triple-JetTMPerforating System, The New in Perforation on Target and Oilfield Review magazine in Oilfield Review magazine Practices to Enhance Perforating Results (in the information public material that full content is incorporated herein). Intersection perforation helps clean up the fragment in perforation tunnel, and in wellhole adjacent presence crushing material to be perforated or loosely It is especially advantageous when material and in sandstone formation.
Hydrocarbon pressure break channel is preferably directed towards with certain, and in this is preferably directed towards, the extraction efficiency of oil/gas is most Greatly, i.e., when perforation is along channel alignment, oil/gas is likely to become the restricted path for generating high twist in no use Perforation tunnel is flowed through in the case where backup path.
Crack (fractures) will start at the preferred fracture planes on stratum and propagate on the face.Oriented perforating system It can be used in the plane of perforation tunnel being more closely aligned in preferred fracture planes.Due to the distortion in the flow path of near wellbore Degree, so the misalignment between the perforation in preferred fracture planes and wellhole may cause significant pressure drop.With preferred fracture planes at The perforation for 90 degree Di determining phase produces the narrow point for leading to the pressure loss and high twist degree in flow path.
Limited entry fracturing (Limited entry fracturing) is based on following premise, i.e., each perforation will be with hydraulic fracture It is connected to and fluid will be contributed during processing at a predetermined rate.Therefore, if participated in without any perforation, it is each its Every perforation gaining rate (incremental rate per perforation) of his perforation increases, and rubs so as to cause higher perforation It wipes.Therefore, it is necessary to angularly and spatially separate ammunition to promote Limited entry fracturing process to reach largest production efficiency.
By design, each perforation in current limliting is expected to participate in treatment process.If all perforations are all joined With, and perforation is projected with 60 °, 90 ° or 120 ° of phase, then multiple fracture planes may be generated, is caused a large amount of close Wellhole friction and difficulty is caused to planned frac treatment is positioned.Therefore, it is necessary to not generate the irreducible minimum of invalid fracture planes Multiple crack initiations of degree.Currently, 4 to 8 perforations are emitted, this will be connected to main fracture planes in frac treatment.Some perforations Channel leads to the loss of energy and pressure during frac treatment, and it reduce the expecting pressures in pressure break channel.For example, if It is intended to that the fracturing fluid of 100bpm is pumped into each fracture zone at 10000PSI with 2-3bpm pressure break each perforation tunnel In, then most of energy loss has more high twist degree to make each pressure break fluid injection rate be reduced to approximately less than 2- In the invalid pressure break of 3bpm.Therefore, significantly reduce the range of pressure break length, so as to cause petroleum less in production process and Natural gas flow.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of systems for reaching highest and optimal every perforation tunnel fluid injection rate, to realize maximum Pressure break length.Energy by each perforation tunnel is more, and the fluid across preferred fracture planes is more, so that pressure break extends ground It is remoter.Ideally, it is expected that 1000 feet of pressure break length since wellhole.Therefore, it is necessary to obtain to have minimum turn round The longer extension of the pressure break of curvature.For example, in order to realize 2bpm in each perforation tunnel, for 50 perforation tunnels Speech, total fluid injection rate of 100bpm needs 12 clusters at 1000psi, and every cluster has 4 ammunitions.Therefore, it is necessary in every cluster Emit more regions with 4 perforations, 2 on four perforations 2 under.Also need change/balance loop system so as to institute Desired direction orientation ammunition is compared to preferred fracture planes.
Need pressure break to originate in top and the bottommost with minimum principal stress first so that have enough flow velocitys from And propagate pressure break.The perforating gun of such perforation is needed, so that direction radial penetration of the pressure break towards wellhole.
The U.S. US8327746 of the prior art discloses wellhole perforating system.In one embodiment, wellhole perforating system Including multiple cumulative ammunitions and keep the retainers of multiple cumulative ammunitions so that when igniting ammunition with relative to retainer transverse direction The public face intersection extended.However, it is necessary to make to intersect jet stream pressure break into preferred fracture planes, so that pressure break starts and laterally passes It is multicast to hydrocarbon containing formation.
The U.S. US8127848A of the prior art is disclosed by forming the perforation for meeting reservoir characteristic come to wellhole perforation Method, such as direction of maximal stress, the attribute line and stratigraphic dip on constant stratum.Using using cumulative ammunition, mechanical device or The perforation system of person's high-pressure fluid can be to wellhole perforation.Pass through asymmetric weight, engine or manipulation from wellhole surface Perforation system can be aligned.However, it is necessary to which pressure break is preferred to generate at selected length in preferred fracture planes up and down Play knick point.
The U.S. US7913758A of the prior art discloses a kind of method for completing the complete well of oil and natural gas.Perforation Device 10,11 selected from any of or common perforator and can be usually placed in perforating gun.It is aligned perforation in this way Device, so that cutting jet 12, the 13 and shock wave being associated with collects to each other so that the interaction between them is drawn Rock stratum pressure break is played to increase.Also it can be so aligned cutting jet, so that deliberately causing the collision of cutting jet so as to cause rock stratum Further pressure break.A kind of cumulative bullet Types of Medicine at least two concave regions are provided in alternative embodiments of the present invention Cover, the geometry of the type cover are chosen to form multiple cutting jets, the jet stream meeting when the pressure of type cover is collapsed Gather in rock stratum or can be collided in rock stratum.However, it is necessary to which pressure break preferably plays knick point into preferred fracture planes.
The U.S. US7303017A of the prior art discloses a kind of for for the stream between stratum 64 and Cased well bore 66 Body creates the perforating gun assembly 60 of access, and described sleeve pipe wellhole includes shell 84, the detonator 86 in shell 84 and can operate Ground is associated with the exploding wire 90 of detonator 86.Perforating gun assembly 60 further includes the cumulative ammunition of one or more substantially axial directions Set 92,94,96,98.Each cumulative ammunition in set 92,94,96,98 is operatively associated to exploding wire 90.In addition, Adjacent cumulative ammunition in each set 92,94,96,98 of cumulative ammunition is directed towards and is assembled each other, so that drawing When quick-fried, the cumulative ammunition in each set 92,94,96,98 forms jet stream, which interacts with each other to produce in stratum 64 Raw perforation cavity.However, it is necessary to which pressure break is to the preferred fracture planes perpendicular to (transverse to) wellhole direction up and down.
Defect in the prior art
The above-mentioned prior art has the drawback that
Prior art systems, which do not provide, minimizes multiple crack initiations in pressure break segmentation.
Prior art systems do not provide 2 or 4 directional cumulation ammunitions in cluster, and the ammunition is intersected in perforation It is preferred that fracture planes.
Prior art systems, which do not provide, uses internal change directional cumulation ammunition.
Prior art systems do not provide and torsion resistance and energy loss are effectively reduced in perforation tunnel.
Prior art systems, which do not provide, radially extends longer pressure break in preferred perforation face.
Prior art systems do not provide using less perforation quantity in every cluster and carry out perforation to more multizone, to mention High wellhole production efficiency.
Prior art systems are not provided for pressure break to the system for preferably playing knick point in preferred fracture planes.
Although more in the prior art may teach several some solutions of these problems, existing skill The key problem of art and the unresolved unsafe spray gun pressure of reply.
Goal of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of the present invention (especially) is to evade defect in the prior art and realizes following purpose:
There is provided minimizes multiple crack initiations in pressure break segmentation.
2 or 4 directional cumulation ammunitions in cluster are provided, the ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes in perforation.
It provides and carrys out directional cumulation ammunition using the inside change for being attached to perforating gun.
Offer is effectively reduced torsion resistance, energy loss and the pressure loss in perforation tunnel.
Offer radially extends longer pressure break in preferred perforation face.
It provides using less perforation quantity in every cluster and perforation is carried out to improve wellhole production efficiency to more multizone.
It provides for pressure break to the system for preferably playing knick point in preferred fracture planes.
However, the introduction that these purposes should not be construed as limiting the invention, these usual purposes are partly or entirely Realized by the invention disclosed discussed in following chapters and sections to portion.Those skilled in the art can will select without doubt Aspect of the invention as disclosed is selected to realize any combination of above-mentioned purpose.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves one or more above-mentioned targets in the following manner in various embodiments.The present invention provides one Kind includes the system of rifle string component (GSA), and the rifle string component is deployed in wellhole together with cumulative ammunition cluster.Ammunition is spaced And it is angled so that the ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes in perforation.In pressure break, from the upward of wellhole and to Under position pressure break originate at the minimum principal stress position in the preferred fracture planes vertical with wellhole.Later, pressure break is preferred It is radially connected in fracture planes around wellhole.Frac treatment in preferred fracture planes produces for the longer extension of pressure break to be had The path of minimal distortion degree, to realize the efficient oil and natural gas flow velocity during production.
System of the invention can be used for whole current limliting determine phase perforating methods in the case where, wherein by having following step Rapid method control determines phase perforating gun system as previously described:
(1) rifle and multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions are located in wellbore；
(2) in the desired direction by multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunition orientations；With
(3) using multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunition perforations into hydrocarbon containing formation, so that multiple upward Ammunition and multiple downward ammunitions intersect at preferred fracture planes.
This preferred illustrative embodiment of the method and other preferred illustrative embodiments of the method and various preferred illustrative systems The combination of embodiment is disclosed by overall range of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be more fully understood by advantage provided by the present invention, as described in detail below and attached drawing should refer to, at this In a little attached drawings:
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the embodiment of perforating gun assembly of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the end-view of perforating gun shown in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is the gun barrel of the embodiment of the present invention and the perspective view of cumulative ammunition.
Fig. 4 is the side view of the embodiment of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is to show the perspective view of the gun barrel of the embodiment of the present invention being placed in cumulative ammunition in support strip.
Fig. 6 is the side view for being suitble to the cumulative ammunition used in an embodiment of the present invention.
The example of cumulative ammunition that Fig. 7 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, substituting in perforating gun positioning Property system cross section.
The example of cumulative ammunition that Fig. 7 A shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, substituting in perforating gun positioning Property system perspective view.
It is transversal that Fig. 8 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun exemplary system Face.
Fig. 8 A shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun exemplary system perspective Figure.
Fig. 9 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, preferably fracture planes exemplary system block diagrams.
Figure 10 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down example Property system cross section, the cumulative bullet medicine be used in preferred fracture planes generate preferably rise knick point.
Figure 11 show preferred illustrative embodiment according to the present invention, using the preferred illustrative of cumulative ammunition determine phase The detail flowchart of perforating methods.
Figure 12 show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down, show The asymmetric intersection of 3 hairs of example property configures system.
Figure 13 show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down, show The asymmetric intersection of 6 hairs of example property configures system.
Figure 14 a show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down, show The symmetrical intersection configuration system of 4 hairs of example property.
Figure 14 b shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down show The wire length of reduction in the symmetrical intersection configuration system of 4 hairs of example property.
Figure 15 show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down, show The symmetrical intersection configuration system of 6 hairs of example property.
Figure 16 show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down, show The mixing (mutually giving non-intersection) of 6 hairs of example property configures system.
Figure 17 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down, show Example property 6 hair from intersection configuration system.
Figure 18 show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down, it is another One it is illustrative 6 hair from intersection configuration system.
Figure 19 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down example Property 2 hair non-intersections configure systems.
Figure 20 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down example Property 3 hair non-intersections configure systems.
Figure 21 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down example Property 4 hair non-intersections configure systems.
Figure 22 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down example Property 5 hair non-intersections configure systems.
Figure 23 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down example Property 6 hair non-intersections configure systems.
Figure 24 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down example Property 7 hair non-intersections configure systems.
Figure 25 show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, mix cumulative ammunition up and down in perforating gun The non-intersection of illustrative 5 hair configures system.
Figure 26 show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, mix cumulative ammunition up and down in perforating gun The non-intersection of illustrative 6 hair configures system.
Figure 27 shows preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, cumulative ammunition in perforating gun up and down 6 hair With the example combinations of the non-intersection configuration system of 7 hairs.
Figure 28 show preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention, in perforating gun 7 hair non-intersections configuration systems and 6 hair Intersect the example combinations of configuration system.
Specific embodiment
Although the present invention allows implementation in many different forms, this is shown in the accompanying drawings and will be described herein The detailed preferred embodiment of invention, it should be understood that the disclosure should be regarded as the example of the principle of the present invention, and be not intended to this The broad range of invention is limited to shown embodiment.
The introduction of many novelties of the application will be described referring specifically to currently preferred embodiment, wherein these are innovated The introduction of property is advantageously applied for the particular problem that current limliting determines phase perforating gun system and method.It should be understood, however, that this reality Applying example is an example in many advantageous applications of innovative teachings herein.In general, institute in the description of the present application The different any different invention claimed of definite limitation of statement of progress.In addition, some statements are likely to be suited for certain wounds The property made feature, but it is not suitable for other features.
The present invention provides improved tool (rifle) and for installing cumulative ammunition in bearing assembly with variable angle Method, so that two or more perforation tunnels intersect outside wellbore at a specific interval.All known existing sides Method needs special tool(s), these methods have the very long and at high cost production lead time and are short of the reality to intercept angle It is fixed.The embodiment of tool of the invention helps to ensure that ammunition is collided in the specified position of jacket exterior.Disclosed equipment (tool) includes the support strip being welded or otherwise secured on tubular support.The spacing of each ammunition on the bearer It can be conditioned, and flat support plinth can be inserted into supporting member at different angles accurately to control intersection point. The flat surface provides solid base for fixed cumulative ammunition, and round tube provides to be formed needed for rigid geometric Framework The structure wanted.Flat support strip is described and is preferred, but is also able to use the solid conduct on concave surface or convex surface Support plinth is to optimize ammunition performance.By the way that safely and accurately cumulative ammunition is focused in stratum with variable spacing, Present system provides the improvement to other known embodiment.
In broad range, perforation tool of the invention includes；
For arranging cumulative ammunition, cylindrical gun barrel with angled circular incision,
Ammunition casing；
Support strip including metal strip, the metal strip have centre bore to accommodate cumulative ammunition casing,
Wherein, cumulative ammunition casing, which has, does not pass through hole and the circumferential direction for providing bearing for the cumulative ammunition casing on item is convex Portion；
It is opened in the slot for supporting the edge of the support strip in cylindrical gun barrel, is thought with the cutting of scheduled angle from poly- It can ammunition perforation offer position.
Referring to figs. 1 to 5, the rifle component 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is shown.As shown, having cylindrical body 130, it is being internally provided with gun barrel 126 (loading pipe).Gun barrel 126 has multiple accurate groovings 127, the multiple accurate grooving Allow ammunition casing 124 to be inserted into gun barrel 126 and then abuts against in support strip 128.Hole can be located at the either side of gun barrel circumference To realize desired target perforation.Portal it is preferred that passing through the cutting of gun barrel wall with the angle 900 of the plane perpendicular to support strip direction. Cumulative ammunition casing 124 is arranged in the hole in support strip 128, lean against on the protrusion 135 on the circumference of ammunition casing (referring to Fig. 5 and 6).Cumulative ammunition casing (Fig. 6) has protrusion 135, and the diameter of the protrusion is greater than the diameter in the hole in support strip, so that the protrusion 135 bottom leans against on the edge in the hole in support strip.Ammunition is connected to exploding wire (or other ignition tools) at 139.Bullet Medicine shell is fixed to support strip 128,129 by any appropriate means.There is cutting in prototype (and possible production model) Sheet onto internal gun barrel wall can turn back to press against the top of the protrusion of ammunition casing to provide reversible fixation Device.Can by small clamper, by bonding or by the way that ammunition casing is welded and fixed.For the technology people of metal manufacturing field For member, other means be will be apparent.The insertion of support strip 128,129 is cut in the slot in gun barrel.Support strip is usual For planar metal piece, but can also be bent.Make the angled inclined bullet to allow arbitrary disposition of the slot in gun barrel as needed Medicine path.If support strip is metal (preferred), it will be welded in slot, but other means, example can also be passed through Such as seccotine, the locking mechanism being building up in slot and support strip or any other means make its attachment, to reach such as ability Field technique personnel will be apparent firmly being attached.Ammunition casing safely leans against and is fixed on this cloth on support plate Set, together with have with arbitrary expected angle by plate be angled into the ability in gun barrel provide it is relatively easy, accurate and Reliably angled ammunition arrangement and perforation arrangement thus.
Gun barrel it is as shown in figs. 1 and 2 or by the technical scope in those skilled in the art other are suitable Mode is fixed on each end 125 and 132 in gun body.Area of computer aided laser processing is greatly promoted in the manufacture present invention Embodiment tool needed for cutting precision and reliability, especially gun barrel cutting openings 127 and be used for ammunition plate Slot precision and reliability.
In operation, desired angle is scheduled to realize desired perforation intersection pattern and thus design and process Gun barrel notch.Gun barrel is arranged in gun body to use in wellhole.
Current limliting determines the preferred illustrative system block diagram (0700-0800) of phase perforating gun system
As shown in generality in Fig. 7 (0700), the present invention can be more fully understood, wherein perforating gun is together with multiple Cumulative ammunition 0703,0704,0705,0706 is deployed in wellbore together.Multiple cumulative ammunitions in rifle are together herein In be properly termed as " cluster (cluster) ".Although four ammunitions are had been illustrated in Fig. 7 (0700), according to preferable example Property embodiment, cluster may include two angled ammunitions.
Perforations, which provide, makes frac treatment to give the brilliant side that fluid injection rate shifts on multiple target areas Method.In given hydrocarbon containing formation, many cracks are not efficient, this is because they generate tortuous path for fracturing fluid, So as to cause the loss of pressure and energy.In given wellhole, isolated less with the cluster including more cumulative ammunitions is used Region compare, using including that isolate more regions be more effective for the cluster of less cumulative ammunition.For example, in 10000PSI Pressure under, to reach every perforation tunnel 2 barrels of flow velocity per minute, to use 12 to 20 regions at present and be respectively provided with 15 to 12 to 15 clusters of 20 cumulative ammunitions.On the contrary, to reach identical flow velocity, method and system more efficiently is using more 80 regions are isolated in multiple clusters, and in perforation using every cluster 2 or 4 cumulative ammunitions to intersect at preferred fracture planes.It is based on The geological condition of hydrocarbon can determine preferred fracture planes.In the field research in the field it has been found that preferred fracture planes perpendicular to The direction of wellbore.
As shown in the generality in Fig. 7 (0700), preferably perforation face 0710 is laterally perpendicular to the direction 0720 of wellhole.Root According to preferred exemplary embodiment, wellhole direction 0720 can be with horizontal plane at minute angle.Minute angle can be ± 30 Degree.
According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, increasing is used while cumulative ammunition is restricted to every cluster 2 or 4 The cluster of big quantity increases the quantity of fracture zone, provides higher efficiency for the preferred fracture planes of pressure break.Conventional perforation systems 12 to 15 cumulative ammunitions of every cluster are used when with 60/90/120 degree or 0/180 degree of phase perforations.This is generated to frac treatment For inefficient multiple fracture planes, this is because fracturing fluid flows along tortuous path and reveals the energy for being used for each pressure break Amount/pressure.Desirably many cracks that minimum number is generated near wellbore, so that energy is concentrated mainly on preferred pressure break Face, rather than leak or loss energy is to undesirable pressure break.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, to intersecting at preferred pressure break The cumulative ammunition of face, every cluster limited quantity, which is oriented, generates crack more due to minimal distortion degree and the smallest multiple crack initiations It is long to extend.It ideally, can be in 6 ammunitions of radially about positioning of rifle, so that their perforations in the same plane.But It is that the configuration needs the rifle of smaller ammunition and larger diameter.It, can due to the physical limit of ammunition effectiveness and perforating gun diameter Cumulative ammunition is desirably limited to every cluster 2 or 4.Such system will be minimum to generate in the crack for being connected to lower section Make fracturing fluid downward along the length of perforation tunnel when the path of distortion and intersects at the plane for generating pressure break.According to preferred Exemplary embodiment, can in complete well using every cluster have 2 or 4 ammunitions 60 to 80 clusters in oil and natural gas Peak efficiency is realized during production.
It is being that perforating gun string component (GSA) can be disposed and be located in after perforation isolates segmentation (stage) In the segmentation of isolation.GSA can include perforating gun string, such as be connect or transferred the rifle of coupling mechanically to each other by concatenation, ring 0700.After GSA is pumped into wellbore 0701, GSA can be located in the bottom surface of casing due to gravity.GSA Can self orientation so that the ammunition 0703,0704,0705,0706 in ammunition support tube (CHT) is angularly oriented.It can To orient ammunition with aforementioned metal item 0702.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, internal pivotal bearing part is shaped as ten thousand To frame to hang ammunition, so that they are angularly towards preferred fracture planes.Depending on realize expectation set needed for distance, Every ammunition 0703,0704,0705,0706 between spacing can be equal or unequal.In a preferred exemplary reality It applies in example, ammunition is equally spaced with 3 inches.For example, the ammunition 0703 separated and the ammunition separated 0704 are between 3 inches Away from 0709 positioning.The spacing between ammunition separated can be 1 inch to 20 inches.
In another preferred exemplary embodiment, it is downward that two ammunitions 0703,0705 separated, which are angularly oriented, (" downward ammunition ") and two ammunitions 0704,0706 separated are angularly oriented as upward (" upward ammunition ").To On the angle of ammunition can be so that they, which are oriented intersect in preferred fracture planes 0710 upward, plays knick point 0711 Place.In a preferred exemplary embodiment, upward ammunition 0704 is oriented with preferred fracture planes 0710 into 13 degree Angle 0707, and upward ammunition 0706 is oriented with preferred fracture planes 0710 into 35 degree of angle 0708.Upward bullet The angle of medicine and preferred fracture planes 0710 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.Similarly, the angle of downward ammunition can be so that they It is oriented at the downward knick point 0712 for intersecting at preferred fracture planes 0710.According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, Downward ammunition 0703 is oriented with preferred fracture planes 0710 into 35 degree of angle, and downward ammunition 0705 is oriented With preferred fracture planes 0710 at 13 degree of angle.The angle of downward ammunition and preferred fracture planes 0710 can be 1 degree to 75 degree. According to other exemplary embodiments, upward plays knick point and the downward distance for playing the longitudinal axis of the knick point to the perforating gun 0700 It is equal.For example, the distance of knick point 0712 to intersection point 0713 can be equal to from upward knick point 0711 to intersection point from downward 0713 distance.
According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, two upward ammunitions are located in the both ends of cluster, two downward bullets Medicine is located between upward ammunition.Ammunition is arranged such that have at least two ammunitions of the same direction with phase negative side To at least two ammunitions between.For example, upward ammunition 0804,0806 is located in the both ends of cluster as shown in Fig. 8 (0800), Downward ammunition 0803,0805 is located between upward ammunition.Alternatively, downward ammunition 0803,0805 can be positioned At the both ends of cluster, upward ammunition 0804,0806 is located between downward ammunition.The angle of upward ammunition can be to make Them are obtained to be oriented at the upward knick point 0811 for intersecting at preferred fracture planes 0810.The angle of downward ammunition can be So that they are oriented at the downward knick point 0812 for intersecting at preferred fracture planes 0810.Other preferred exemplary In embodiment, upward ammunition is orientated with wellhole direction 0820 into 52 degree of angle.Such as generality is shown in Fig. 8 (0800) , upward ammunition 0804 and wellhole direction 0820 are at 52 degree of angle.Similarly, upward ammunition 0806 and wellhole direction 0820 at 52 degree of angle 0807.The angle of upward ammunition and wellhole direction 0820 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.It is preferred at other Exemplary embodiment in, downward ammunition is orientated with wellhole direction into 13 degree of angle 0808.Downward ammunition and wellhole The angle in direction 0820 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.According to other exemplary embodiments, upward plays knick point and downward knick point The longitudinal axis to the perforating gun 0800 is equidistant.For example, the distance of knick point 0812 to intersection point 0813 can be with from downward Equal to from upward knick point 0811 to the distance of intersection point 0813.It should be noted that showing cumulative ammunition for illustration purposes only Direction.Those of ordinary skill in the art will such selected angle so that ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes.
It is preferred that the preferred illustrative system block diagram (0900) of fracture planes
Fig. 9 (0900) show accoding to exemplary embodiment, multiple pressure break areas of cumulative ammunition pressure break using orientation Domain 0902, the region are obtained by the ammunition perforation for intersecting at preferred fracture planes, being angularly oriented.It is isolating After region, rifle string component (GAS) is dropped in wellbore 0901.Foregoing perforating gun system use intersects at excellent The orientation ammunition of fracture planes 0910 is selected to carry out perforation to segmentation.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, preferably fracture planes more than 0910 Laterally perpendicular to wellhole direction 0920.It is preferred that fracture planes 0910 can be with lateral vertical direction at small deviation angle.It is small Deviation angle can be ± 45 degree.For example, fracture planes 0910 can be with wellhole direction at 80 degree of angle.In another example, Fracture planes 0910 can be with wellhole direction at 45 degree of angle.In another example, fracture planes 0910 can with wellhole direction at 90 degree of angle (laterally vertical).Using rope, GSA is drawn out to next segmentation from the wellhole in region and with similar Mode perforation, until all segmentations all perforatings in fracture zone.Then to be pumped by fracturing fluid, so that fracturing fluid makes to split It is sewn in preferred perforation direction and extends to utmostly.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, crack from wellbore it is radial to The length degree of outer extension can be 1000 feet.
The preferred illustrative system block diagram (1000) that preferably plays knick point of the perforating gun system in preferred fracture planes
As shown in generality in Figure 10 (1000), the present invention can be more fully understood, wherein perforating gun is together with multiple Cumulative ammunition 1003,1004 is deployed in wellbore together.Multiple cumulative ammunitions in rifle are properly termed as herein together " cluster ".Although having been illustrated with two ammunitions in Figure 10 (1000), according to preferred exemplary embodiment, cluster be can wrap Include four angled ammunitions.
As shown in generality in Figure 10 (1000), preferably perforation face 1010 can be laterally perpendicular to wellhole direction 1020. According to preferred exemplary embodiment, wellhole direction 1020 can be with horizontal plane at minute angle.
According to preferred exemplary embodiment, to intersecting at preferred fracture planes, every cluster limited quantity cumulative ammunition Orientation generates the longer extension in crack due to minimal distortion degree and the smallest multiple crack initiations.The direction of cumulative ammunition, which can be, to be made It obtains in perforation, upward ammunition 1003 generates the preferred knick point 1011, and downward ammunition upwards in pressure break channel 1004 generate the preferred downward pressure break crack initiation point 1012 in pressure break channel.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, preferably to Having gone up knick point 1011 and the preferred knick point 1012 that rises downwards can be located in same preferred fracture planes.Similarly, bullet can be passed through Medicine generates the preferred knick point 1002 and the preferred knick point 1005 that rises downwards of rising upwards to generate for effective pressure break and minimal distortion The desired crack initiation length of condition.It can be by the way that ammunition be located in desired angle come customized preferred crack initiation length. For example, upward ammunition 1003 angled 1007 can be made to create preferably knick point 1011 in preferred fracture planes 1010.Class As, downward ammunition 1004 angled 1008 can be made preferably to play knick point 1012 to create in preferred fracture planes 1010.According to Exemplary embodiment can generate at the selected distance in preferred fracture planes and preferably play knick point, have most with effectively pressure break The channel of small tortuosity degree.Upward ammunition and downward ammunition can be orientated with preferred fracture planes 1010 into 1 degree to 75 degree Angle.Accoding to exemplary embodiment, from preferably upwards knick point 1011 to intersection longitudinal axis point 1013 distance can be equal to from The preferred knick point 1012 that rises downwards is to the distance for intersecting longitudinal axis point 1013.Upward plays knick point and downward knick point to perforating gun The longitudinal axis be equidistant.In another preferred embodiment, upward rise knick point and downward play knick point into wellbore Heart line is equidistant.In some cases, the center line of wellbore and the longitudinal axis of perforating gun can be identical.At other In the case of, the center line of wellbore can be higher than the longitudinal axis of perforating gun.
Determine the preferred illustrative flow chart (1100) of the embodiment of phase wellhole perforation
As shown in generality in Figure 11, it can usually be described in terms of following steps using the cumulative bullet being angularly oriented The preferred illustrative of medicine determines phase wellhole perforating methods 1100:
(1) 1101: by least one of at least one of multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions and Rifle is located in wellbore；
(2) 1102: at least one of at least one of multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions are oriented In a desired direction；With
(3) 1103: at least one perforation at least one of multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions Into hydrocarbon containing formation, so that at least one of multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward at least one of ammunitions intersect at It is preferred that fracture planes.
The preferred illustrative system block diagram (1200-1600) that preferably plays knick point of the perforation system in preferred fracture planes
It should be noted that term " 3 hair " indicates 3 ammunitions being located in perforating gun, wherein digital representation is located in perforating gun Ammunition quantity.For example, 6 are transported to 6 ammunitions set and show to be located in perforating gun.Term used herein is " asymmetric " to be indicated The quantity for the ammunition being directed upwardly with to be orientated downward ammunition quantity unequal.For example, 2 ammunitions being directed upwardly and It is asymmetric that 1, which is orientated downward ammunition,.Similarly, it is believed that 3 ammunitions being directed upwardly and 2 be orientated to Under ammunition be asymmetric.It should be noted that term " preferably perforation face " and " preferably fracture planes " may be used interchangeably.
Exemplary 3, which send out asymmetric, intersects configuration:
As shown in generality in Figure 12, the present invention can be more fully understood, wherein perforating gun 1205 is together with multiple poly- Energy ammunition 1201,1202,1211 is located in wellbore 1204 together.Normal cross-section view 1210, perspective view 1220, another Front view 1230 and side view (end-view) 1240 are shown generally in Figure 12.It is preferred that perforation face 1206 can be laterally vertical In wellhole direction.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, wellhole direction can be with horizontal plane at minute angle.
It is being that perforating gun string component (GSA) can be disposed and be located in isolating after perforation isolates segmentation Segmentation in.GSA can include perforating gun string, such as be connect or transferred the rifle 1205 of coupling mechanically to each other by concatenation, ring. After GSA is pumped into wellbore 1204, GSA can be located in the bottom surface of casing due to gravity.GSA can be certainly I orients, so that the ammunition 1201,1202,1211 in ammunition support tube (CHT) is angularly oriented.Aforementioned metal can be used Item orients ammunition.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, internal pivotal bearing part is shaped as gimbal to hang ammunition, So that they are angularly towards preferred fracture planes.Depending on distance needed for realizing expectation set, the ammunition 1201 separated, 1202, the spacing between 1211 can be equal or unequal.According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, two ammunitions 1201,1202 towards upwardly direction, and an ammunition 1211 is towards downwardly direction.In perforation, ammunition is oriented such that They intersect at preferred perforation face 1206.Upward ammunition 1201,1202 intersects at the preferred crack initiation in preferred fracture planes 1206 Point 1208, and downward ammunition intersects at the knick point 1207 of preferred fracture planes 1206.The perforation as caused by upward ammunition (upward hole) is usually less than the perforation as caused by downward ammunition (downward hole).Therefore, in process of production, upwards Upward pressure drop is less than the pressure drop in downward direction.Therefore, when extracting oil and gas, from base apertures than being taken out from upward hole More oil and natural gas are taken, to produce asymmetric fluid flowing.In order to make in both direction up and down Flowing maximizes and balances, 2 ammunitions can be directed upwardly and be orientated in the direction of an ammunition downwards.According to Preferred exemplary embodiment, asymmetric arrangement of the ammunition in perforating gun orient the ammunition with perforation in one direction More than the ammunition oriented in the other directions with perforation, allow the fluid in a basic balance during production in all directions Flowing.
Illustrative 6, which send out asymmetric, intersects configuration:
It sends out intersection configuration asymmetric similar to above-mentioned 3 in Figure 12,6 is generally illustrated in Figure 13 and sends out phase asymmetric Mating is set, wherein perforating gun 1305 is located in together with multiple cumulative ammunitions 1301,1302,1303,1311,1312,1313 In wellbore 1304.Normal cross-section view 1310, perspective view 1320, another front view 1330 and side view (end-view) 1340 are shown generally in Figure 13.It is preferred that perforation face 1306 can be laterally perpendicular to wellhole direction.
According to preferred exemplary embodiment, four ammunitions 1301,1302,1303,1313 are towards upwardly direction, and two Ammunition 1311,1312 is towards downwardly direction.In perforation, ammunition is oriented such that they intersect at preferred perforation face 1306.Upward ammunition 1301,1302,1303,1313 intersect in preferred fracture planes 1306 preferably rise knick point 1308, and to Under ammunition 1311,1312 and preferred fracture planes 1306 intersected at knick point 1307.The perforation caused by upward ammunition (to On hole) usually less than the perforation as caused by downward ammunition (downward hole).Therefore, in process of production, upward direction On pressure drop be less than in downward direction on pressure drop.Therefore, when extracting oil and gas, from base apertures than being extracted from upward hole More oil and natural gas, to produce asymmetric fluid flowing.In order to make the stream in both direction up and down It is dynamic to maximize and balance, 4 ammunitions be directed upwardly and be orientated two ammunitions downwards.According to preferably showing Example property embodiment, asymmetric arrangement of the ammunition in perforating gun orient in one direction and the ammunition of perforation are more than another The upwardly-directed ammunition with perforation in one side, allows the fluid in a basic balance during production in all directions to flow.
It should be noted that as the ammunition arrangement of 3 hairs and 6 hairs that are shown respectively in Figure 12 and Figure 13 may not be interpreted as limiting.To On any configuration of ammunition and downward ammunition can be used to intersect at preferred fracture planes and multiple preferably play knick points Place.For example, in being transported to and set 6 with upwardly-directed 5 ammunitions and an ammunition can be downwardly oriented.It in another example, can be with It is transported to and is set using 5 with 3 upwardly-directed ammunitions and two ammunitions being downwardly oriented.It is obtained according in preferred fracture planes The desired needs for preferably playing knick point, the quantity of ammunition can be 3 to 12.
Illustrative 4 hair intersection configuration:
As shown in generality in Figure 14 a, the present invention can be more fully understood, wherein perforating gun 1405 is together with multiple Cumulative ammunition 1401,1402,1411,1412 is deployed in together in wellbore 1404.Normal cross-section view 1410, perspective view 1420, another front view 1430 and side view (end-view) 1440 are shown generally in Figure 14 a.
In preferred exemplary embodiment, two ammunitions 1411,1412 separated be angularly oriented for downwards (" to Under ammunition ") and two ammunitions 1401,1402 separated be angularly oriented as upward (" upward ammunition ").Upward The angle of ammunition can be so that they are orientated at the upward knick point 1408 for intersecting at preferred fracture planes 1406.Upward The angle of ammunition and preferred fracture planes 1406 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.Similarly, the angle of downward ammunition can be so that it Be orientated and intersect at the downward of preferred fracture planes 1406 and rise at knick point 1407.Downward ammunition and preferred fracture planes 1406 Angle can be 1 degree to 75 degree.According to other exemplary embodiments, upward rise knick point and the downward knick point that rises are penetrated described in The longitudinal axis of hole rifle 1405 is equidistant.For example, the distance of the longitudinal axis of knick point 1407 to perforating gun 1405 can be with from downward Equal to from upward knick point 1408 to perforating gun 1405 the longitudinal axis distance.
Figure 14 b (1450) generally illustrates the ammunition 1401,1402,1411,1412 for being connected to that each is separated Exploding wire 1414.In this configuration of ammunition, shown in the length of exploding wire such as Fig. 7 (0700) and Fig. 8 (0800) other It configures short.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, there is the exploding wire length reduction configured as follows to be greater than 10%, in the configuration In, it continuously places upwardly-directed ammunition and continuously places the ammunition being downwardly oriented.
Illustrative 6 hair intersection configuration:
As shown in generality in Figure 15, the present invention can be more fully understood, wherein perforating gun 1505 is together with multiple poly- Energy ammunition 1501,1502,1503,1511,1512,1513 is located in together in wellbore 1504.Normal cross-section view 1510, Perspective view 1520, another front view 1530 and side view (end-view) 1540 are shown generally in Figure 15.
In preferred exemplary embodiment, it is downward that three ammunitions 1511,1512,1513 separated, which are angularly oriented, (" downward ammunition ") and three ammunitions 1501,1502,1503 separated are angularly oriented as upward (" upward bullet Medicine ").The angle of upward ammunition can be so that they are orientated the upward knick point for intersecting at preferred fracture planes 1506 At 1508.The angle of upward ammunition and preferred fracture planes 1506 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.Similarly, the angle of downward ammunition Degree can be so that they are orientated at the downward knick point 1507 for intersecting at preferred fracture planes 1506.Downward ammunition with it is excellent The angle of fracture planes 1506 is selected to can be 1 degree to 75 degree.According to other exemplary embodiments, the upward knick point and downward of rising The longitudinal axis for playing knick point to the perforating gun 1505 is equidistant.For example, knick point 1507 is to perforating gun 1505 from downward The distance of the longitudinal axis can be equal to from upward knick point 1508 to perforating gun 1505 the longitudinal axis distance.
It should be noted that as the ammunition arrangement of Figure 14 a and Figure 15 4 hairs being shown respectively and 6 hairs may not be interpreted as limiting.Upwards Any configuration of ammunition and downward ammunition can be used to intersect at preferred fracture planes and multiple preferably rise at knick points. For example, in being transported to and set 8 with upwardly-directed 4 ammunitions and 4 ammunitions can be downwardly oriented.In another example, it can use It is transported to and sets with the 10 of 5 ammunitions being downwardly oriented with 5 upwardly-directed ammunitions.According to realization institute's phase in preferred fracture planes That hopes preferably plays knick point, and the quantity of ammunition can be 4 to 16 hairs.
Illustrative 6 hair intersection mixed configuration:
As shown in generality in Figure 16, the present invention can be more fully understood, wherein perforating gun 1605 is together with multiple poly- Energy ammunition 1601,1602,1603,1611,1612,1613 is located in together in wellbore 1604.Normal cross-section view 1610, Perspective view 1620, another front view 1630 and side view (end-view) 1640 are shown generally in Figure 16.It is sent to 2 This under being sent to 2 is configured to leading oriented perforating, and however it is out of phase with upper-lower axis in order to which robustness has Perforation.In the 6 hair mixed configurations shown in Figure 16, two upwardly-directed ammunitions 1602,1603 intersect at preferred fracture planes Knick point 1608 is preferably played in 1606, another upwardly-directed ammunition 1613 and preferred fracture planes 1606 intersect at another preferred Crack initiation 1617, two ammunitions 1611,1612 being downwardly oriented intersect in preferred fracture planes 1606 and preferably play knick point 1607, separately One ammunition 1601 being downwardly oriented and preferred fracture planes 1606 intersect at another preferably knick point 1618.
Phase configuration is determined in illustrative 6 hair intersection mixing:
More typically property it illustrative 6 hair intersection mixing of the invention be shown can determine phase configuration in Figure 17, wherein perforation Rifle 1705 is located in wellbore 1704 together with multiple cumulative ammunitions 1701,1702,1703,1711,1712,1713. Normal cross-section view 1710, perspective view 1720, another front view 1730 and side view (end-view) 1740 be shown generally in In Figure 17.The conjunction of 6 cloudings shown in Figure 17 is determined in phase configuration, and three upwardly-directed ammunitions 1701,1702,1703 can produce It is raw preferably to play knick point 1707,1708,1709 at low-angle with preferred fracture planes 1706.In the diagram shown, upward bullet Medicine 1701 can preferably play knick point to intersect to the minute angle relative to PFP (preferably fracture planes) 1706 with PFP 1706 1707, upward ammunition 1702 without angle of flare can be intersected at directly with PFP 1706 and preferably play knick point 1708, and upwards Ammunition 1703 can with relative to PFP 1706 angle of flare and PFP 1706 intersect at preferably rise knick point 1708.Aforementioned diffusion Angle can be 0 degree to 90 degree.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, by it is multiple preferably rise at knick points by preferred fracture planes with Diffusion angular correlation widely plays knick point to generate.It can be by each other with 3 preferred crack initiations of small angle of flare 1722 Point 1707,1708,1709 widely plays knick point to realize.Similarly, three upwardly-directed ammunitions 1711,1712,1713 It can produce and preferably play knick point 1717,1718,1719 at low-angle with preferred fracture planes 1706.
Figure 18 generally illustrates 6 with the angle of flare 1822 bigger than the configuration of angle of flare 1722 shown in Figure 17 Phase configuration is determined in hair intersection mixing.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, angle of flare can be 0 degree to 90 degree.According to preferably showing Example property embodiment, the quantity of the ammunition in perforating gun can be 2 to 12 to generate bigger angles of flare.
Illustrative 2, which send out non-, intersects configuration:
Of the invention illustrative 2 are generally illustrated in Figure 19 and sends out non-and intersects configuration, wherein perforating gun 1905 connects It is located in wellbore 1904 together with ammunition 1901,1902.Normal cross-section view 1910, side view 1920 and perspective view 1930 are shown generally in Figure 19.In aforementioned arrangements, ammunition can not need mechanical support system to orient.Perforating gun Decentralization relative to wellbore allows to offset the angle of ammunition.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, perforating gun is gone Centralization counteracts the angle of ammunition, so that they are both terminated in at away from the identical distance of wellhole.For example, ammunition 1901 and bullet Medicine 1902, which terminates, preferably to be played knick point 1908 and is preferably rising at knick point 1907.Playing knick point 1907,1908 can be away from the distance of wellhole It is identical.
Illustrative 3 hair, 4 hairs, 5 hairs, 6 hairs and 7 are sent out non-and intersect configuration:
Similar to 2 being transported to and setting shown in Figure 19,3 are illustrated in detail in Figure 20 and sends out intersection configuration non-.According to excellent The exemplary embodiment of choosing, an ammunition is at along preferred perforation face.For example, in being transported to and set 3,2003, ammunition In preferred perforation face 2006.Other two ammunitions 2001,2002 are angled, so that they are terminated at away from the identical distance of wellhole Place.
Figure 21 (2100) shows 4 and sends out non-and intersect configuration, wherein 4 ammunitions are located in perforating gun.Figure 22 (2200) shows Go out 5 and sent out non-and intersect configuration, wherein 5 ammunitions are located in perforating gun.Figure 23 (2300) shows 6 and sends out non-and intersect configuration, In 6 ammunitions be located in perforating gun.Figure 24 (2400) shows 7 and sends out non-and intersect configuration, wherein 7 ammunitions are located in perforating gun It is interior.It should be noted that the quantity of the ammunition in Figure 19 into Figure 24 is for illustration purposes only, and it is not to be construed as limiting.According to excellent The exemplary embodiment of choosing, perforating gun may include 2 ammunitions to 12 ammunitions, in perforation, ammunition and preferred perforation face phase It hands over, but it is unrelated each other.
Illustrative 5, which send out non-, intersects mixing ammunition configuration:
Of the invention illustrative 5 are generally illustrated in Figure 25 and sends out non-and intersects mixing ammunition configuration, wherein perforation Rifle 2505 is located in wellbore 2504 together with cumulative ammunition 2501,2502,2503,2511,2512.Normal cross-section view Figure 25 10, perspective view 2520, another front view 2530 and side view 2540 are shown generally in Figure 25.Ammunition includes a variety of Ammunition design, such as large aperture, deep penetration, excellent cellular type (good holes), reaction equation, conventional formula and their combination.Bullet One or more can be different in medicine is designed to place bigger hole in the high side of casing thus by pressure break stream Body or deeper penetrate are supplied on more downside.What is be shown in FIG. 25 is 5 hairs with macropore design ammunition 2503 upward System.It should be appreciated that the concept be applicable to it is any other determine phase or system, and can be by 3 or more ammunitions Design is incorporated in individual system.For example, 2 ammunitions can be large aperture in 7 hair designs, 2 ammunitions can be deep penetration, And 3 ammunitions can be excellent hole design.In the 5 hair mixed configurations shown in Figure 25, ammunition 2501,2502,2511,2512 It intersects in preferred fracture planes 2506 and preferably plays knick point 2507,2508,2517,2518, and upwardly-directed large aperture is designed Ammunition 2503 and preferred fracture planes 2506 intersect at another and preferably play knick point 2509.Large aperture ammunition 2503 arrives preferred fracture planes Penetration depth be likely less than the penetration depths of other ammunitions 2501,2502,2511,2512.According to preferred exemplary reality Example is applied, the combination for being integrated to the ammunition design of perforator design allows perforation to have the more macropore in different penetration depth and rifle Diameter, so that fluid flowing is of substantially equal in all directions in process of production.According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, The ballistic characteristics of ammunition design are similar to each other in perforating gun.According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, in perforating gun The ballistic characteristics of ammunition design are different from each other.Be transported to and set similar to shown in Figure 25 5, Figure 26 (2600) generally It shows illustrative 7 and sends out non-and intersect mixing ammunition configuration.
Illustrative 6 hair intersection and 7 hair intersection configurations:
Of the invention, illustrative 6 hair intersection and 7 hair intersection configurations are generally shown in detail in Figure 27 (2700) Normal cross-section view, wherein perforating gun 2701 and another perforating gun 2702 are located in wellbore.According to preferably showing Example property embodiment, rifle string component may include multi-openings rifle, each of which is all mounted with the perforation ammunition of identical or different quantity. For example, as shown in Figure 27, perforating gun 2701 is mounted with 7 ammunitions, and perforating gun 2702 is mounted with 6 ammunitions.During perforation, Ammunition in perforating gun is configured as intersecting with preferred fracture planes.Ammunition quantity in perforating gun can be configured as based on stratum With required penetration depth and realize it is optimal preferably rise knick point.It should be noted that being illustrated in perforating gun 2701 and perforating gun Ammunition quantity in 2702 is not construed as limiting for illustration purposes only.In order to realize optimal fluid in process of production Flow, each of perforating gun can be configured as with multiple ammunitions within the scope of 2 to 12 and each ammunition can be Same or different type.
According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, rifle string component may include multi-openings rifle, each of which is all loaded There is the perforation ammunition of identical or different type.For example, perforating gun 2801 is mounted with 7 ammunitions, institute as shown in Figure 28 (2800) Ammunition is stated to intersect with preferred fracture planes but do not intersect at and preferably play knick point.And perforating gun 2802 is mounted with 6 ammunitions, the bullet Medicine intersects with preferred perforation face and also intersects at upward preferably knick point and downward preferably knick point.During perforation, Ammunition in perforating gun is configured as intersecting with preferred fracture planes.Ammunition quantity in perforating gun can be configured as being based on stratum With required penetration depth and realize it is optimal preferably rise knick point.It should be noted that being illustrated in perforating gun 2801 and perforating gun Ammunition quantity in 2802 is not construed as limiting for illustration purposes only.In order to realize optimal fluid in process of production Flow can configure each perforating gun to multiple ammunitions within the scope of 2 to 12 and each ammunition can be phase Same or different type.
Systematic review
System of the invention it is expected to determine the extensive multiplicity that phase perforating gun orientation system is basic theme in wellbore Modification, the system comprises multiple upwardly-directed cumulative ammunitions (upward ammunition) and multiple cumulative ammunitions being downwardly oriented (downward ammunition), in which:
At least one of upward ammunition is configured as upward with what is be at an angle of for the direction of wellbore Direction positioning；
At least one of downward ammunition is configured as downward with what is be at an angle of for the direction of wellbore Direction positioning；With
In perforation, multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions are configured as intersecting in preferred fracture planes；It is excellent Select fracture planes laterally perpendicular to the direction of wellbore.
This General System summary can be expanded by various elements described herein, said to make with this whole design The bright huge variety of inventive embodiments being consistent.
Method survey
Method of the invention is expected to be embodied as the huge variety of modification of basic theme, but can be summarised as one Kind current limliting determines phase perforating gun method, wherein executes this method in determining phase perforating gun system, the system comprises multiple fixed upwards To cumulative ammunition (upward ammunition) and multiple cumulative ammunitions (downward ammunition) being downwardly oriented, in which:
At least one of upward ammunition is configured as upward with what is be at an angle of for the direction of wellbore Direction orientation；
At least one of downward ammunition is configured as downward with what is be at an angle of for the direction of wellbore Direction orientation；With
In perforation, multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions are configured as intersecting in preferred fracture planes；It is excellent Select fracture planes laterally perpendicular to the direction of wellbore；
Wherein, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) at least one of at least one of multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions and rifle are positioned In wellbore；
(2) at least one of multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward at least one of ammunitions are oriented in expectation Direction on；With
(3) at least one perforation at least one of multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions to hydrocarbonaceous In stratum, so that at least one of multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward at least one of ammunitions intersect at preferred pressure Broken face.
This conventional method summary can be expanded by various elements described herein to say to make with this whole design The bright huge variety of inventive embodiments being consistent.
The modification of system/method
The present invention is expected using the extraction of oil and natural gas as the huge variety of modification of basic theme.What is be previously proposed shows Example does not represent the entire scope that may be used.It is only intended to enumerate a little possibility in a possibility that virtually limitless.
A variety of additional embodiments can be used and expand the fundamental system and method, including but not limited to:
In the embodiment of wherein multiple upward ammunition equidistant intervals.
In the embodiment of wherein multiple downward ammunition equidistant intervals.
In the embodiment that wherein perforating gun includes a upward ammunition and a downward ammunition.
In the embodiment that wherein perforating gun includes two upward ammunitions and two downward ammunitions.
Wherein, upward ammunition is configured to intersect at the upward knick point in preferred fracture planes；It will be downward Ammunition is configured to intersect at the downward knick point of preferred fracture planes；And knick point is played upwards and plays knick point and perforating gun downwards The equidistant embodiment of the longitudinal axis.
In wherein multiple downward ammunitions, the embodiment between multiple upward ammunitions is set.
Angle between the direction of the upward ammunition of at least one of them and the direction of wellbore is 1 degree to 75 degree 's.
Angle between the direction of the downward ammunition of at least one of them and the direction of wellbore is 1 degree to 75 degree Embodiment.
The reality that angle between the direction of the upward ammunition of at least one of them and the direction of wellbore is 52 degree Apply example.
The reality that angle between the direction of the downward ammunition of at least one of them and the direction of wellbore is 13 degree Apply example.
Multiple upward ammunitions and multiple downward ammunitions are alternately wherein being located in the embodiment in perforating gun.
The reality that angle between the direction and preferred fracture planes of the upward ammunition of at least one of them is 1 degree to 75 degree Apply example.
Angle between the direction of the downward ammunition of at least one of them and the preferred fracture planes is 1 degree to 75 degree Embodiment.
Embodiment, in which:
Angle between at least one upward ammunition and preferred fracture planes is 13 degree；
Angle between at least one upward ammunition and preferred fracture planes is 35 degree；
Angle between at least one downward ammunition and preferred fracture planes is 13 degree；
Angle between at least one downward ammunition and preferred fracture planes is 35 degree；
It is horizontal embodiment in the direction of wherein wellbore.
In the direction of wherein wellbore from the horizontal by the embodiment of angle.
Wherein, using change directional cumulation ammunition；Change is internally attached to the embodiment of the perforating gun.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the combination based on the element taught in illustrating in foregoing invention, other Embodiment be possible.
Alternative system summary
System of the invention is expected using the perforating gun system in wellbore as the huge variety of modification of basic theme, institute The system of stating includes multiple ammunitions, wherein multiple ammunitions are configured as creating multiple preferably knick points in perforating process, and more A knick point that preferably rises intersects with preferred fracture planes.
This General System summary can be expanded by various elements described herein to say to make with this whole design The bright huge variety of inventive embodiments being consistent.
Alternative summary
Method of the invention is expected to be embodied as the huge variety of modification of basic theme, but can be summarised as one Kind uses the perforating methods of perforating gun system in wellbore；The system includes multiple ammunitions, wherein multiple ammunitions are configured To create multiple preferably knick points in perforating process；And multiple knick points that preferably rise intersect with preferred fracture planes；
Wherein, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) rifle and multiple ammunitions are located in wellbore；
(2) in the desired direction by the positioning of at least one of multiple ammunitions；With
(3) with multiple ammunition perforations into hydrocarbon containing formation, so that at least one of multiple ammunitions and preferred fracture planes phase It meets at multiple one preferably risen in knick point.
This conventional method summary can be expanded by various elements described herein to say to make with this whole design The bright huge variety of inventive embodiments being consistent.
The system/method modification of substitution
The present invention is expected using the extraction of oil and natural gas as the huge variety of modification of basic theme.What is be previously proposed shows Example does not represent the entire scope that may be used.It is merely intended to enumerate a little possibility in virtually limitless possibility.
A variety of additional embodiments can be used and expand the fundamental system and method comprising but be not limited to:
In wherein preferred fracture planes almost laterally perpendicular to the embodiment in the direction of wellbore.
The embodiment of mutually multiple ammunitions is equably determined in the longitudinal axis for wherein surrounding perforating gun.
The embodiment of mutually multiple ammunitions is unequally determined in the longitudinal axis for wherein surrounding perforating gun.
In wherein multiple equidistant embodiments for preferably playing the longitudinal axis of the knick point to perforating gun.
It is equidistant in wherein multiple longitudinal axis for preferably playing knick points to wellbore.
In wherein multiple unequal embodiments of distance for preferably playing the longitudinal axis of the knick point to perforating gun.
At least one of knick point is preferably played with preferred fracture planes into the embodiment of angle of flare wherein multiple.
It is located at the embodiment in preferred fracture planes in wherein at least one of multiple ammunitions.
Spacing between two adjacent ammunitions that wherein multiple ammunitions are located such that in multiple ammunitions is equal Embodiment.
Spacing between two adjacent ammunitions that wherein multiple ammunitions are located such that multiple ammunitions is unequal Embodiment.
It is configured as in wherein at least one of multiple ammunitions with upward for the direction of wellbore Direction orientation, and at least one of multiple ammunitions are configured as with the downwardly direction for the direction of wellbore The embodiment of orientation.
At least two in wherein multiple ammunitions are located such that in perforation, at least two in multiple ammunitions Intersect at the single embodiment preferably risen at knick point in preferred fracture planes.
Multiple ammunitions are oriented such that in perforation wherein, and multiple ammunitions do not intersect at the list in preferred fracture planes A embodiment preferably risen at knick point.
In the embodiment for not orienting multiple ammunitions by machinery item wherein.
In the unequal embodiment of penetration depth of wherein multiple ammunitions.
The substantially similar embodiment between trajectory attribute of wherein multiple ammunitions.
In the trajectory attribute of wherein multiple ammunitions embodiment different from each other.
Multiple ammunitions are selected from wherein: large aperture, deep penetration, excellent cellular type, reaction equation or conventional formula ammunition embodiment.
Multiple ammunitions are oriented by change wherein；Change is internally attached to the embodiment of perforating gun.
Conclusion
Disclose it is a kind of for deflection/horizontal wellhole in the Perforations of accurate perforation determine phase gun system and side Method.The system/method includes the rifle string component (GSA) with cumulative ammunition cluster being deployed in wellhole.By ammunition interval and It is at an angle of, so that the ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes in perforation.In pressure break, crack from the upward of wellhole and to Under position start from the minimum principal stress position in the preferred fracture planes vertical with wellhole.Later, crack exists around wellhole It is preferred that radially connected in fracture planes.Frac treatment in preferred fracture planes has minimum turn round in order to which the longer extension in crack generates The path of curvature realizes effective oil and natural gas flow velocity in process of production.
Although having been illustrated in the accompanying drawings and illustrating the preferred embodiment of the present invention in above-mentioned detailed description, It is it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but can not depart from foregoing essence of the invention The rearranging of multiplicity, modifications and substitutions are carried out in the case where mind and the spirit that is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (34)

1. the perforating gun system in a kind of horizontal wellbore casing comprising multiple ammunitions, wherein the multiple ammunition is configured as It is oriented towards fracture planes；The longitudinal axis of the fracture planes transverse to the wellbore；The multiple ammunition is configured as in perforation Period creates multiple knick points；And at least one of the multiple knick point is located in the fracture planes, wherein described more At least one of a knick point is being different from the direction from the longitudinal axis laterally upwards and laterally down relative to the longitudinal axis Upper located lateral；Wherein at least one of the multiple ammunition is configured as the direction of the wellbore Upwardly direction orientation, and at least one of the multiple ammunition is configured as with the direction relative to the wellbore For downwardly direction orient, and at least two in the ammunition are additionally configured to orient in upward direction so that its crack initiation Point intersects at a single point.
2. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein described in equably orienting around the longitudinal axis of the perforating gun system Multiple ammunitions.
3. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the longitudinal axis around the perforating gun system unequally orients institute State multiple ammunitions.
4. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the longitudinal axis of the multiple knick point to the perforating gun system It is equidistant.
5. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the longitudinal axis of the multiple knick point to the wellbore Be equidistant.
6. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the distance of the longitudinal axis of the multiple knick point to perforating gun not phase Deng.
7. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein at least one of the multiple knick point and the fracture planes At angle of flare.
8. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein at least one of the multiple ammunition is located at the fracture planes In.
9. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the multiple ammunition is located such that in the multiple ammunition Two adjacent ammunitions between spacing it is identical.
10. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the multiple ammunition is located such that the multiple ammunition In two adjacent ammunitions between spacing it is not identical.
11. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the multiple ammunition is oriented such that in perforation, described Multiple ammunitions do not intersect in the fracture planes and individually play knick point.
12. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the multiple ammunition does not pass through mechanical item and orients.
13. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the penetration depth of the multiple ammunition is unequal.
14. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the trajectory attribute of the multiple ammunition is different from each other.
15. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein the multiple ammunition is selected from: large aperture, deep penetration, excellent hole Formula or reaction equation ammunition.
16. perforating gun system as described in claim 1, wherein orient the multiple ammunition using change；Inside the change Ground is attached to perforating gun.
17. a kind of perforating methods for using perforating gun system in wellbore；The system comprises multiple ammunitions, wherein described Multiple ammunitions are configured as orienting towards fracture planes；The longitudinal axis of the fracture planes transverse to the wellbore；The multiple bullet Medicine is configured as creating multiple knick points during perforation；And at least one of the multiple knick point is located at from described vertical In the fracture planes that axis laterally upwardly extends, and at least one of the multiple knick point is located at from the longitudinal axis transverse direction In the fracture planes extended downwardly；And at least one of the multiple knick point is located in the fracture planes, wherein institute At least one of multiple knick points are stated to be different from from the longitudinal axis laterally upwards and laterally down relative to the longitudinal axis Located lateral on direction；At least one of the multiple ammunition is configured as the direction of the wellbore Upwardly direction orientation, and at least one of the multiple ammunition is configured as with the direction relative to the wellbore For downwardly direction orient, and at least two in the ammunition are additionally configured to orient in upward direction so that its crack initiation Point intersects at a single point；
Wherein, described method includes following steps:
(1) system and the multiple ammunition are located in the wellbore；
(2) in the desired direction by least one of the multiple ammunition orientation；With
(3) at least one perforation in the multiple ammunition into hydrocarbon containing formation, so that at least one in the multiple ammunition At a one intersected at the fracture planes in the multiple knick point.
18. perforating methods as claimed in claim 17, wherein at least one of the multiple ammunition is configured as with opposite For the direction of the wellbore upwardly direction orient, and at least one of the multiple ammunition be configured as with Downwardly direction orients for the direction of the wellbore.
19. perforating methods as claimed in claim 17, wherein the multiple ammunition is oriented such that in perforation, described Multiple ammunitions do not intersect in the fracture planes and individually play knick point.
20. perforating methods as claimed in claim 17, wherein do not orient the multiple ammunition by mechanical item.
21. perforating methods as claimed in claim 17, wherein the penetration depth of the multiple ammunition is unequal.
22. perforating methods as claimed in claim 17, wherein the trajectory attribute of the multiple ammunition is different each other.
23. perforating methods as claimed in claim 17, wherein the multiple ammunition is selected from: large aperture, deep penetration, excellent cellular type, Or reaction equation ammunition.
24. perforating methods as claimed in claim 17, wherein orient the multiple ammunition using change；Inside the change Ground is attached to perforating gun.
25. the perforating gun system in a kind of horizontal wellbore casing comprising multiple ammunitions, wherein the multiple ammunition is configured To be oriented towards fracture planes；The longitudinal axis of the fracture planes transverse to the wellbore；The multiple ammunition is configured as penetrating Multiple knick points are created during hole；At least one of the multiple knick point is located at the institute laterally upwardly extended from the longitudinal axis It states in fracture planes；At least one of the multiple knick point is located at the fracture planes extended laterally down from the longitudinal axis In；And at least one of the multiple knick point is located in the fracture planes, wherein in the multiple knick point at least One is being different from relative to the longitudinal axis from located lateral on the lateral direction upwards and laterally down of the longitudinal axis；Wherein institute State at least one of multiple ammunitions be configured as with for the direction of the wellbore upwardly direction orient, and And at least one of the multiple ammunition be configured as with for the direction of the wellbore downwardly direction it is fixed To, and at least two in the ammunition are additionally configured to orient in upward direction so that it plays knick point phase at a single point It hands over.
26. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the longitudinal axis around the perforating gun system equably orients institute State multiple ammunitions.
27. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the longitudinal axis around the perforating gun system unequally orients The multiple ammunition.
28. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the longitudinal axis of the multiple knick point to the perforating gun system Distance it is unequal.
29. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the multiple ammunition is located such that the multiple ammunition In two adjacent ammunitions between spacing it is identical.
30. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the multiple ammunition is located such that the multiple ammunition In two adjacent ammunitions between spacing it is not identical.
31. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the multiple ammunition is oriented such that in perforation, institute State the individually knick point that multiple ammunitions do not intersect in the fracture planes.
32. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the trajectory attribute of the multiple ammunition is different from each other.
33. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the multiple ammunition is selected from: large aperture, deep penetration, excellent hole Formula or reaction equation ammunition.
34. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 25, wherein orient the multiple ammunition using change；In the change It is attached to perforating gun to portion.
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