CN106246145A

CN106246145A - Current limliting determines phase perforating gun system and method

Info

Publication number: CN106246145A
Application number: CN201610392806.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·T·哈德斯蒂; J·A·罗林斯
Original assignee: Geodynamics Inc
Current assignee: Geodynamics Inc
Priority date: 2015-06-05
Filing date: 2016-06-06
Publication date: 2016-12-21
Anticipated expiration: 2036-06-06
Also published as: CA2931918A1; MX2016007169A; EP3101221A1; EP3101221B1; CN106246145B

Abstract

Disclose a kind of for deflection/wellhole of level in the Perforations of accurate perforation determine phase gun system and method.This system/method includes rifle string assembly (GSA) with cumulative ammunition bunch being deployed in wellhole.Being spaced by ammunition and be at an angle of so that when perforation, described ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes.When pressure break, crack starts from the minimum principal stress position the preferred fracture planes vertical with wellhole from the position up and down of wellhole.Afterwards, crack around wellhole in preferred fracture planes radially connected.Frac treatment in preferred fracture planes produces the path with minimal distortion degree for the longer extension in crack, and it achieves effective oil and natural gas flow velocity in process of production.

Description

Current limliting determines phase perforating gun system and method

Cross-Reference to Related Applications

The application is part continuation application, and requires in submission on January 16th, 2015, title For " LIMITED ENTRY PHASED PERFORATING GUN SYSTEM AND METHOD " U.S. part continue the priority of patent application the 14/598th, 868, and this Shen Please submit on February 8th, 2014, entitled " LIMITED ENTRY PHASED PERFORATING GUN SYSTEM AND METHOD " U.S. Non-provisional Patent application The part continuation application of 14/176, No. 056, contents of these applications all is passed through to introduce as example It is expressly incorporated herein.

The part of copyright is abandoned

All material in present patent application is all protected by the copyright of the U.S. and the Copyright Law of other countries Protect.From the first of the application effective submission day, this material is protected as unpub material Protect.

But, grant copyright owner for by anyone facsimile reproduction patent document or patent disclosure at this This material is replicated, as it appear in patent document or the note of U.S.Patent & Trademark Office in the case of consentient In record, in addition, in any case all retain whole copyright rights whatsoever.

Statement about the research and development of federal government's patronage

Inapplicable

With reference to fiche annex

Inapplicable

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to one be used in oil and natural gas industry wellbore and underground hydrocarbonaceous The perforating gun of breaking ground perforation, more particularly, it relates to a kind of for wellbore and its The equipment of the improvement that underground hydrocarbon formations around is bored a hole in preferred fracture planes borehole blasting.

Prior art and background of invention

Background technology

During Completion Operations, rifle string assembly is positioned in the isolation area in wellbore.Rifle string assembly Including the multi-openings rifle being coupled to each other by concatenating or connect by ring.Then perforating gun is made to launch, Through sleeve pipe and cement and inject target rock forms hole.These perforations will contain oil, natural The rock of gas is connected to wellhole.According to U.S. US 7,441,601 file, " complete oil and/or sky So during gas well, generally by explosive to hydrocarbon containing formation perforation so that permission hydrocarbon stream enters wellhole.These bullets Medicine (charge) is loaded in perforating gun, and is typically to produce what blast was formed in the selected direction The cumulative ammunition of hard shower ".

In recent years, angled cumulative ammunition is used to arrange to provide crossing perforation to create greatly Concern.For example, with reference to by Halliburton, Bersas et al. written paper: Triple-Jet^TM Perforation on Target and Oilfield in Perforating System, Oilfield Review magazine (full content is incorporated to this to New practices to Enhance Perforating Results in Review magazine In the open material of the information of application).Crossing perforation helps clean up the fragment in perforation tunnel, and Wellhole adjacent to be perforated exists when crushing material or discrete material and is especially in sandstone formation Favourable.

Hydrocarbon pressure break passage has certain and is preferably directed towards, in this is preferably directed towards, and the extraction of oil/gas Efficiency is maximum, and i.e. when perforation is along channel alignment, oil/gas is likely to become product not having employing Perforation tunnel is flowed through in the case of the backup path in the restricted path of raw high twist.

Crack (fractures) will start at the preferred fracture planes on stratum and propagates on this face.Fixed Can be used in the plane of perforation tunnel is more closely aligned in preferred fracture planes to perforation system.Due to Torsion resistance in the stream of near wellbore, so between the perforation in preferred fracture planes and wellhole not Alignment may cause notable pressure drop.Determine the perforation of phase with becoming 90 degree create cause stream with preferred fracture planes The pressure loss and the narrow point of high twist degree in road.

Limited entry fracturing (Limited entry fracturing) is based on following premise, and the most each perforation will be with Hydraulic fracture connects and will contribute fluid at a predetermined rate during processing.Therefore, without Any perforation participates in, then every perforation gaining rate (incremental rate per of other perforations each Perforation) increase, thus cause higher perforation friction.Accordingly, it would be desirable to angularly and empty Between separate ammunition with promote Limited entry fracturing process reach largest production efficiency.

By design, each perforation in current limliting is expected to participate in processing procedure.If it is all Perforation be involved in, and perforation is to penetrate with the phase place of 60 °, 90 ° or 120 °, then just may be used Multiple fracture planes can be produced, cause substantial amounts of nearly wellhole friction and to positioning planned frac treatment Cause difficulty.Accordingly, it would be desirable to do not produce minimal multiple crack initiations of invalid fracture planes.At present, 4 Being shot up to 8 perforations, this will be connected to main fracture planes in frac treatment.Some perforation tunnel Cause the loss of the energy during frac treatment and pressure, it reduce the expecting pressure in pressure break passage. Such as, if being intended to be existed by the fracturing fluid of 100bpm with 2-3bpm pressure break each perforation tunnel Pump under 10000PSI in each fracture zone, then major part energy loss has more high twist degree So that every time pressure break fluid injection rate reduction is in the invalid pressure break of approximately less than 2-3bpm.Therefore, aobvious Write the scope reducing pressure break length, thus cause oil and natural gas stream less in production process. Accordingly, it would be desirable to a kind of system reaching the highest and optimal every perforation tunnel fluid injection speed, in order to real Existing maximum pressure break length.Energy by each perforation tunnel is the most, through the fluid of preferred fracture planes The most, thus pressure break extension ground is the most remote.Ideally, it is desirable to 1000 started from wellhole The pressure break length of foot.Accordingly, it would be desirable to obtain the longer extension of the pressure break with minimal distortion degree. Such as, in order to realize 2bpm in each perforation tunnel, for 50 perforation tunnel, Under 1000psi, total fluid injection speed of 100bpm needs 12 bunches, and every bunch has 4 ammunitions.Therefore, Need in every bunch, launch the more region with 4 perforations, on described four perforations 22 time. Also need to change/balance loop systems so that with desired direction orientation ammunition with compared to preferred pressure break Face.

Pressure break is needed first to originate in top and have the bottommost of minimum principal stress to have foot Enough flow velocitys thus propagate pressure break.Need the perforating gun of such perforation so that pressure break is towards the side of wellhole To radial penetration.

The U.S. US8327746 of prior art discloses wellhole perforating system.In one embodiment, Wellhole perforating system includes multiple cumulative ammunition and keeps the keeper of multiple cumulative ammunitions so that drawing Time quick-fried, ammunition intersects with relative to public of keeper horizontal expansion.However, it is necessary to make to intersect jet Pressure break is in preferred fracture planes so that pressure break starts and horizontal transmission is to hydrocarbon containing formation.

The U.S. US8127848A of prior art discloses the perforation being met reservoir characteristic by formation Method to wellhole perforation, such as direction of maximal stress, the attribute line on constant stratum and stratigraphic dip.Make Can be to wellhole perforation with the perforation system using cumulative ammunition, machinery or high-pressure fluid.Logical Cross asymmetric weight, electromotor or the manipulation from wellhole surface can align perforation system.But, Pressure break up and down is needed preferably to play knick point to produce at selected length in preferred fracture planes.

The U.S. US7913758A of prior art discloses a kind of for completing oil and natural gas completion Method.Perforator 10,11 can be selected from any of or conventional perforator and usual cloth Put in perforating gun.So align perforator so that cutting jet 12,13 and being associated with Shock wave collects to each other so that the interaction between them causes rock stratum pressure break to increase.Also be able to as This cutting jet of aliging so that deliberately cause the collision of cutting jet thus cause rock stratum to press further Split.Provide a kind of cumulative bullet with at least two concave regions in alternative embodiments of the present invention Cavity liner, the geometry of this type cover is chosen to when the pressure of type cover is caved in be formed multiple cutting Cutting jet, described jet is focused in rock stratum or can collide in rock stratum.However, it is necessary to pressure break Knick point is preferably played in preferred fracture planes.

The U.S. US7303017A of prior art discloses a kind of for at stratum 64 and Cased well bore Fluid between 66 creates the perforating gun assembly 60 of path, and described Cased well bore includes housing 84, position Detonator 86 in housing 84 and the exploding wire 90 being operatively associated to detonator 86.Perforating gun group Part 60 also include one or more substantially axial towards the set 92 of cumulative ammunition, 94,96, 98.Each cumulative ammunition in set 92,94,96,98 is operatively associated to exploding wire 90. Additionally, the adjacent cumulative ammunition in each set 92,94,96,98 of cumulative ammunition is orientated Assemble toward each other so that when igniting, the cumulative ammunition shape in each set 92,94,96,98 Becoming jet, this jet interacts with each other to produce perforation cavity in stratum 64.However, it is necessary to Upper and downward pressure break to being perpendicular to (transverse to) the preferred fracture planes in wellhole direction.

Defect of the prior art

Above-mentioned prior art has the drawback that

Prior art systems does not provide and makes multiple crack initiation minimize in pressure break segmentation.

Prior art systems do not provide bunch in 2 or 4 directional cumulation ammunitions, described ammunition exists Preferred fracture planes is intersected at during perforation.

Prior art systems does not provide use internal change directional cumulation ammunition.

Prior art systems does not provide and effectively reduces torsion resistance and energy loss in perforation tunnel.

Prior art systems does not provide and radially extends longer pressure break in preferred perforation face.

Prior art systems does not provide the less perforation quantity in using every bunch to carry out more multizone Perforation, to improve wellhole production efficiency.

Prior art systems do not provide for pressure break in preferred fracture planes preferably play knick point be System.

Although some several solutions that these problems may be taught more of the prior art, But prior art the key problem of the unsafe spray gun pressure of unresolved reply.

Goal of the invention

Therefore, the purpose of the present invention (especially) be to evade defect of the prior art and realize with Lower purpose:

Thering is provided makes multiple crack initiation minimize in pressure break segmentation.

There is provided bunch in 2 or 4 directional cumulation ammunitions, described ammunition intersects at excellent when perforation Select fracture planes.

There is provided and use the inside change being attached to perforating gun to carry out directional cumulation ammunition.

There is provided in perforation tunnel, be effectively reduced torsion resistance, energy loss and the pressure loss.

There is provided and radially extend longer pressure break in preferred perforation face.

The less perforation quantity in using every bunch is provided more multizone to carry out perforation to improve wellhole Production efficiency.

There is provided for pressure break to the system preferably playing knick point in preferred fracture planes.

But, the teaching that these purposes should not be construed as limiting the invention, generally these purposes portion Divide ground or realize entirely through the invention disclosed discussed in following chapters and sections.This area skill Art personnel will can select the aspect of the present invention as disclosed to realize above-mentioned purpose without doubt Any combination.

Summary of the invention

The present invention solves one or more above-mentioned target the most in the following manner.This Invention provides one to include the system of rifle string assembly (GSA), described rifle string assembly and cumulative ammunition bunch It is deployed in together in wellhole.Ammunition is spaced and is angled so that when perforation, described ammunition Intersect at preferred fracture planes.When pressure break, from the position pressure break up and down of wellhole originate in Minimum principal stress position in the preferred fracture planes that wellhole is vertical.Afterwards, pressure break is in preferred fracture planes In radially connect around wellhole.Frac treatment in preferred fracture planes is that the longer extension of pressure break is produced Give birth to the path with minimal distortion degree, thus realized at production period efficient oil and natural gas stream Speed.

The system of the present invention may be used for overall current limliting determine in the case of phase perforating methods, wherein pass through The method with following steps controls to determine foregoing phase perforating gun system:

(1) rifle and multiple ammunition upwards and multiple downward ammunition are positioned at wellbore In；

(2) multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunition are oriented in the desired direction；With

(3) utilize multiple ammunition upwards and multiple downward ammunition perforation in hydrocarbon containing formation, make Multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunition intersect at preferred fracture planes.

This preferred illustrative embodiment of the method and other preferred illustrative embodiments of the method are preferably shown with various The combination of example sexual system embodiment is open by the overall range of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In order to be more fully understood by advantage provided by the present invention, it should with reference to following detailed description and Accompanying drawing, in the drawings:

Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the embodiment of the perforating gun assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the end-view of the perforating gun shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is gun barrel and the perspective view of cumulative ammunition of embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 4 is the side view of the embodiment of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 shows the gun barrel of the embodiments of the invention being placed in support strip by cumulative ammunition Perspective view.

Fig. 6 is the side view of the applicable cumulative ammunition used in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cumulative that substitutes location in perforating gun The example system cross section of ammunition.

Fig. 7 A show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in perforating gun, substitute the poly-of location The example system perspective view of energy ammunition.

Fig. 8 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the example of cumulative ammunition in perforating gun Sexual system cross section.

Fig. 8 A show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the showing of cumulative ammunition in perforating gun Example sexual system perspective view.

Fig. 9 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the example system frame of preferred fracture planes Figure.

Figure 10 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, up and down poly-in perforating gun The example system cross section of energy ammunition, described cumulative ammunition is for producing preferably in preferred fracture planes Play knick point.

Figure 11 shows the preferred illustrative embodiment according to the present invention, use cumulative ammunition preferred The exemplary detail flowchart determining phase perforating methods.

Figure 12 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, up and down poly-in perforating gun The asymmetric crossing configuration system of energy ammunition, exemplary 3.

Figure 13 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, up and down poly-in perforating gun The asymmetric crossing configuration system of energy ammunition, exemplary 6.

Figure 14 a show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, up and down poly-in perforating gun The symmetry of energy ammunition, exemplary 4 intersects configuration system.

Figure 14 b show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, up and down poly-in perforating gun The symmetry of exemplary 4 of energy ammunition intersects the wire length of the reduction in configuration system.

Figure 15 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, up and down poly-in perforating gun The symmetry of energy ammunition, exemplary 6 intersects configuration system.

Figure 16 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, up and down poly-in perforating gun Mixing (giving non-intersecting mutually) the configuration system of energy ammunition, exemplary 6.

Figure 17 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, up and down poly-in perforating gun Can ammunition, exemplary 6 from intersecting configuration system.

Figure 18 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, cumulative up and down in perforating gun Ammunition, another is exemplary 6 from intersecting configuration system.

Figure 19 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, cumulative up and down in perforating gun The non-crossing configuration system of exemplary 2 of ammunition.

Figure 20 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, cumulative up and down in perforating gun The non-crossing configuration system of exemplary 3 of ammunition.

Figure 21 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, cumulative up and down in perforating gun The non-crossing configuration system of exemplary 4 of ammunition.

Figure 22 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, cumulative up and down in perforating gun The non-crossing configuration system of exemplary 5 of ammunition.

Figure 23 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, cumulative up and down in perforating gun The non-crossing configuration system of exemplary 6 of ammunition.

Figure 24 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, cumulative up and down in perforating gun The non-crossing configuration system of exemplary 7 of ammunition.

Figure 25 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, perforating gun mixes up and down The non-crossing configuration system of exemplary 5 of cumulative ammunition.

Figure 26 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, perforating gun mixes up and down The non-crossing configuration system of exemplary 6 of cumulative ammunition.

Figure 27 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, cumulative up and down in perforating gun The example combinations of the non-crossing configuration system of 6 of ammunition and 7.

Figure 28 show according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the non-crossing configuration of 7 in perforating gun The example combinations of the crossing configuration system of system and 6.

Detailed description of the invention

Although the present invention allows enforcement in many different forms, shown in the drawings and will be herein In describe the detailed preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated that the disclosure should be regarded as the present invention's The example of principle, and be not intended to the broad range of the present invention is limited to shown embodiment.

The teaching of many novelties of the application will describe referring specifically to currently preferred embodiment, wherein The teaching of these novelties is advantageously applied for current limliting and determines phase perforating gun system and the specific of method is asked Topic.It should be understood, however, that the many favourable of the present embodiment innovative teachings the most herein An example in application.Generally, the statement conducted in the description of the present application not necessarily limits and appoints The most same invention required for protection.Additionally, some statements are likely to be suited for some creative feature, But it is not suitable for other features.

The present invention provides the instrument (rifle) of improvement and for installing with variable angle in bearing assembly The method of cumulative ammunition, so that two or more perforation tunnel are at a specific interval in wellbore Outer crossing.All known existing methods need special tool(s), and these methods have very long and cost is high Produce the lead time and be short of the reality to intercept angle and fix.The embodiment of the instrument of the present invention Contribute to guaranteeing that ammunition collides in the assigned position of jacket exterior.Disclosed equipment (instrument) includes The support strip being welded or otherwise secured on tubular support.Each ammunition is on the bearer Spacing can be conditioned, and smooth support plinth can insert in supporting member at different angles Accurately to control intersection point.This smooth surface provides solid base, and circle for fixing cumulative ammunition Pipe provides the structure required for forming the geometric Framework of rigidity.Smooth support strip be described and It is preferred, but also is able to the solid using concave surface or convex surface as support plinth to optimize ammunition Performance.By being focused in the earth formation by cumulative ammunition safely and accurately with variable spacing, this is System provides the improvement to embodiment known to other.

In broad range, the perforation tool of the present invention includes；

For the cylindrical gun barrel that arrange cumulative ammunition, there is angled circular incision,

Ammunition casing；

Including the support strip of bonding jumper, described bonding jumper has centre bore to accommodate cumulative ammunition casing,

Wherein, cumulative ammunition casing have do not pass through hole and on bar cumulative ammunition casing provide supporting Circumferential protuberance；

Being opened in support the groove at the edge of described support strip in cylindrical gun barrel, it is cut with predetermined angle Cut and think from cumulative ammunition perforation offer position.

Referring to figs. 1 through 5, it is shown that the rifle assembly 100 of embodiments of the invention.As it can be seen, tool Having cylindrical body 130, it is being internally provided with gun barrel 126 (loading pipe).Gun barrel 126 has many Individual accurate grooving 127, the plurality of accurate grooving allow ammunition casing 124 to insert in gun barrel 126 and Then abut against in support strip 128.Hole may be located at the either side of gun barrel circumference to realize desired target Perforation.Preferably portal through the cutting of gun barrel wall being perpendicular to the angle 900 of the plane in support strip direction. Cumulative ammunition casing 124 is arranged in the hole in support strip 128, leans against the protuberance on the circumference of ammunition casing (Fig. 5 and 6 is seen) on 135.Cumulative ammunition casing (Fig. 6) has protuberance 135, the diameter of this protuberance Diameter more than the hole in support strip so that the bottom of this protuberance 135 leans against the limit in the hole in support strip On edge.Ammunition is connected to exploding wire (or other ignition instrument) at 139.Ammunition casing is by arbitrarily closing Suitable means are fixed to support strip 128,129.Prototype (with possible production model) exists and cuts Cut inside gun barrel wall on sheet, its can turn back the top pressing against the protuberance of ammunition casing from And reversible fixing device is provided.Little clamper can be passed through, by bonding or by being welded and fixed Ammunition casing.For the technical staff that metal manufactures field, other means will be apparent from. Support strip 128,129 is inserted in the groove cutting in gun barrel.Support strip is usually planar metal sheet, but Can also bend.Make the groove in gun barrel angled to allow the ammunition of the inclination of arbitrary disposition as required Path.If support strip is metal (preferably), then it will be welded in groove, but can also lead to Cross other means, such as seccotine, the locking mechanism being building up in groove and support strip or any other hands Section makes it be attached, to reach as will be apparent from firmly being attached for those skilled in the art. This layout that ammunition casing leans against safely and is fixed on support plate, together with having with the arbitrary phase Hope angle ability that flat board is angled in gun barrel provide relatively easy, accurately and reliably become The ammunition of angle is arranged and is arranged with perforation thus.

Gun barrel as shown in figs. 1 and 2 or by technical scope in those skilled in the art Each end 125 and 132 of being fixed in gun body of other suitable methods.Area of computer aided laser adds Work be greatly promoted cutting required in manufacturing the instrument of embodiments of the invention precision and can By property, especially gun barrel cutting openings 127 with for the precision of groove of ammunition plate and reliability.

In operation, desired angle is predetermined to intersect pattern and thus realizing desired perforation Design and the gun barrel otch of processing.Gun barrel is arranged in gun body to use in wellhole.

Current limliting determines the preferred illustrative system block diagram (0700-0800) of phase perforating gun system

As shown in general in Fig. 7 (0700), it is possible to understand the present invention in more detail, wherein, Perforating gun is deployed in wellbore together with multiple cumulative ammunitions 0703,0704,0705,0706. Multiple cumulative ammunitions in rifle are properly termed as " bunch (cluster) " the most in this article.Although at Fig. 7 (0700) have been illustrated with four ammunitions in, but according to preferred illustrative embodiment, bunch can wrap Include two angled ammunitions.

Perforations provides and makes frac treatment shift on multiple target areas with given fluid injection speed Remarkable method.In given hydrocarbon containing formation, many cracks is not efficient, this is because it Produce tortuous path for fracturing fluid, thus cause the loss of pressure and energy.In given wellhole In, with use include more poly-energy ammunition bunch isolate less region compared with, use include less Cumulative ammunition bunch to isolate more region be more effective.Such as, at the pressure of 10000PSI Under, the flow velocity of 2 barrels per minute of every perforation tunnel will be reached, to use at present 12 to 20 regions and It is respectively provided with 12 to 15 bunches of 15 to 20 cumulative ammunitions.On the contrary, to reach identical stream Speed, method and system more efficiently is 80 regions of more bunches of use isolation, and when perforation Use every bunch of 2 or 4 cumulative ammunitions to intersect at preferred fracture planes.Geological condition based on hydrocarbon is permissible Determine preferred fracture planes.In the field research in this field, have been found that preferred fracture planes is perpendicular to well The direction of hole sleeve.

As shown in general in Fig. 7 (0700), preferably perforation face 0710 is laterally perpendicular to wellhole Direction 0720.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, wellhole direction 0720 can be with the horizontal Minute angle.Minute angle can be at ± 30 degree.

According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, cumulative ammunition is being restricted to 2 every bunch or 4 While use the increasing number of bunch of quantity increasing fracture zone, for the preferred fracture planes of pressure break provide Higher efficiency.Conventional perforation systems makes when with the phase perforations of 60/90/120 degree or 0/180 degree With 12 to 15 every bunch cumulative ammunitions.This produces multiple pressure breaks inefficient for frac treatment Face, this is because fracturing fluid reveals the energy/pressure for each pressure break along tortuous path flowing. Desirably the many cracks of minimum number is produced near wellbore so that energy is concentrated mainly on preferably Fracture planes rather than leak or loss energy are to less desirable pressure break.According to preferred exemplary enforcement Example, orients due to minimal distortion intersecting at preferred fracture planes, every bunch of limited quantity cumulative ammunition Degree and minimum multiple crack initiations and produce the longer extension in crack.Ideally, can be at rifle Radially about 6 ammunitions in location so that they perforations in the same plane.But, this configuration needs Less ammunition and the rifle of larger diameter.Due to ammunition effectiveness and the physical restriction of perforating gun diameter, It is to be expected that cumulative ammunition to be limited to 2 or 4 every bunch.Such system will be under being connected to Make when the crack of side is to produce the path of minimum distortion fracturing fluid along perforation tunnel length downwards the most also And intersect at the plane producing pressure break.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, can use in completion Every bunch of 60 to 80 bunches with 2 or 4 ammunitions are to realize at oil and natural gas production period High efficiency.

After isolating segmentation (stage) for perforation, can be by perforating gun string assembly (GSA) Dispose and be positioned in the segmentation of isolation.GSA can include perforating gun string, such as by concatenation, ring Connect or transfer and the rifle 0700 coupled mechanically to each other.After GSA is pumped into wellbore 0701, GSA can be positioned in the lower surface of sleeve pipe due to gravity.GSA can self orientation so that Ammunition 0703,0704,0705,0706 in ammunition Zhi Chengguan (CHT) is angularly oriented. Ammunition can be oriented with aforementioned metal bar 0702.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, internal pivot Support is shaped as gimbal to hang ammunition so that they are angularly towards preferred fracture planes. Depend on realizing the distance needed for expectation set, the ammunition 0703,0704,0705,0706 at interval Between spacing can be equal or unequal.In a preferred exemplary embodiment, ammunition with 3 inches are equally spaced.Such as, the ammunition 0703 separated and the ammunition 0704 separated are with 3 English Very little spacing 0709 positions.Spacing between the ammunition separated can be 1 inch to 20 inches.

In another preferred exemplary embodiment, two ammunitions separated 0703,0705 are at an angle of Be orientated downwards that (" downward ammunition ") and two ammunitions separated 0704,0706 are angularly It is directed upwardly (" ammunition upwards ").The angle of ammunition upwards can be to be oriented so that them Intersect at the knick point 0711 upwards in preferred fracture planes 0710.Preferred exemplary at one In embodiment, ammunition 0704 upwards is oriented the angle becoming 13 degree with preferred fracture planes 0710 0707, and ammunition 0706 upwards is oriented the angle becoming 35 degree with preferred fracture planes 0710 0708.Ammunition upwards can be 1 degree to 75 degree with the angle of preferred fracture planes 0710.Similarly, The angle of downward ammunition can be so that they be oriented intersect at preferred fracture planes 0710 to Under rise at knick point 0712.According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, downward ammunition 0703 quilt It is orientated the angle becoming 35 degree with preferred fracture planes 0710, and downward ammunition 0705 is oriented With the angle that preferred fracture planes 0710 becomes 13 degree.Downward ammunition and the angle of preferred fracture planes 0710 It can be 1 degree to 75 degree.According to other exemplary embodiment, a knick point upwards and downward rising Knick point is equal to the distance of the longitudinal axis of described perforating gun 0700.Such as, knick point 0712 from downward Distance to intersection point 0713 can be equal to knick point 0711 from upwards to the distance of intersection point 0713.

According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, the two ends that two ammunitions upwards are positioned at bunch, two Individual downward ammunition is positioned between ammunition upwards.Ammunition is arranged such that have equidirectional At least two ammunition has between rightabout at least two ammunition.Such as, such as Fig. 8 (0800) Shown in, the two ends that ammunition 0804,0806 upwards is positioned at bunch, downward ammunition 0803,0805 It is positioned between ammunition upwards.Alternatively, downward ammunition 0803,0805 can be positioned at bunch Two ends, ammunition 0804,0806 upwards is positioned between downward ammunition.Ammunition upwards Angle can be so that they be oriented intersect at preferred fracture planes 0810 upwards rise knick point At 0811.The angle of downward ammunition can be to intersect at preferred fracture planes so that they are oriented Downward the rising at knick point 0812 of 0810.In other preferred exemplary embodiment, upwards Ammunition is orientated the angle becoming 52 degree with wellhole direction 0820.As general in Fig. 8 (0800) Illustrating, ammunition 0804 upwards becomes the angle of 52 degree with wellhole direction 0820.Similarly, upwards Ammunition 0806 become the angle 0807 of 52 degree with wellhole direction 0820.Ammunition upwards and wellhole side Angle to 0820 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.In other preferred exemplary embodiments, downwards Ammunition be orientated the angle 0808 becoming 13 degree with wellhole direction.Downward ammunition and wellhole direction 0820 Angle can be 1 degree to 75 degree.According to other exemplary embodiments, a knick point upwards is with downwards Rise knick point equal to the distance of the longitudinal axis of described perforating gun 0800.Such as, knick point from downward 0812 to intersection point 0813 distance can equal to from upwards knick point 0811 to intersection point 0813 away from From.It should be noted that, be for illustration purposes only illustrate cumulative ammunition towards.Ordinary skill Personnel will such selected angle so that ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes.

The preferably preferred illustrative system block diagram (0900) of fracture planes

Fig. 9 (0900) shows according to exemplary embodiment, the cumulative ammunition pressure break of use orientation Multiple fracture zone 0902, described region is by intersecting at preferred fracture planes, angularly fixed To ammunition perforation obtain.After isolating region, rifle string assembly (GAS) is dropped to well In hole sleeve 0901.Foregoing perforating gun system uses and intersects at determining of preferred fracture planes 0910 To ammunition, segmentation is carried out perforation.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, preferably fracture planes 0910 is almost Laterally it is perpendicular to wellhole direction 0920.Preferably fracture planes 0910 can become small with horizontal vertical direction Deviation angle.Small deviation angle can be ± 45 degree.Such as, fracture planes 0910 can be with wellhole Direction becomes the angle of 80 degree.In another example, fracture planes 0910 can become 45 with wellhole direction The angle of degree.In another example, fracture planes 0910 can become the angle (horizontal stroke of 90 degree with wellhole direction To vertical).Utilizing rope, GSA is drawn out to next segmentation and with class by the wellhole from region As mode perforation, until fracture zone in all segmentations all perforatings.Then to be pumped by pressure Split liquid so that fracturing fluid makes crack extend at utmost in preferred perforation direction.According to preferably Exemplary embodiment, crack can be 1000 English from the length degree that wellbore extends radially outwardly Chi.

The perforating gun system preferred illustrative system block diagram (1000) preferably playing knick point in preferred fracture planes

As shown in general in Figure 10 (1000), it is possible to understand the present invention in more detail, wherein, Perforating gun is deployed in wellbore together with multiple cumulative ammunitions 1003,1004.Multiple in rifle Cumulative ammunition is properly termed as " bunch " the most in this article.Although having shown that in Figure 10 (1000) Two ammunitions, but according to preferred exemplary embodiment, bunch four angled bullets can be included Medicine.

As shown in general in Figure 10 (1000), preferably perforation face 1010 can laterally be perpendicular to Wellhole direction 1020.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, wellhole direction 1020 can be with horizontal plane Become minute angle.

According to preferred exemplary embodiment, preferred fracture planes, every bunch of limited quantity to intersecting at The orientation of cumulative ammunition produces the longer of crack prolong due to minimal distortion degree and minimum multiple crack initiations Stretch.Cumulative ammunition towards may be such that when perforation, ammunition 1003 upwards produces pressure break passage In preferably upwards play knick point 1011, and downward ammunition 1004 produce in pressure break passage excellent The downward pressure break crack initiation point 1012 of choosing.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, the most upwards play knick point 1011 may be located in same preferred fracture planes with a knick point 1012 downwards.Similarly, may be used Preferably upwards play knick point 1002 to be produced by ammunition and play downwards knick point 1005 to produce For effective pressure break and minimal distortion condition desired crack initiation length.Can be by ammunition be positioned at Self-defined preferred crack initiation length is carried out in desired angle.For example, it is possible to make ammunition 1003 upwards Angled 1007 create in preferred fracture planes 1010 and preferably play knick point 1011.It is likewise possible to Make downward ammunition 1004 be at an angle of 1008 to create in preferred fracture planes 1010 and preferably play knick point 1012.According to exemplary embodiment, can the selected distance generation in preferred fracture planes preferably rise Knick point, has the passage of minimal distortion degree with pressure break effectively.Ammunition and downward ammunition upwards can To be orientated the angle becoming 1 degree to 75 degree with preferred fracture planes 1010.According to exemplary embodiment, From preferably the most upwards knick point 1011 to crossing longitudinal axis point 1013 distance can equal to from preferably to Play down knick point 1012 to the distance intersecting longitudinal axis point 1013.A knick point upwards and a downward knick point Equal to the distance of the longitudinal axis of perforating gun.In another preferred embodiment, a knick point upwards is with downwards Rise knick point equal to the distance of the centrage of wellbore.In some cases, in wellbore Heart line can be identical with the longitudinal axis of perforating gun.In other cases, the centrage of wellbore can With the longitudinal axis higher than perforating gun.

Determine the preferred illustrative flow chart (1100) of the embodiment of phase wellhole perforation

As shown in general in Figure 11, use generally can be described in terms of following steps angled fixed To the preferred illustrative of cumulative ammunition determine phase wellhole perforating methods 1100:

(1) 1101: by least one in multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunitions At least one and rifle are positioned in wellbore；

(2) 1102: by least one in multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunitions At least one orientation is in a desired direction；With

(3) 1103: with at least one in multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunitions At least one perforation is in hydrocarbon containing formation so that in multiple ammunitions upwards at least One intersects at preferred fracture planes with at least one in multiple downward ammunitions.

The perforation system preferred illustrative system block diagram (1200 preferably playing knick point in preferred fracture planes 1600)

It should be noted that, term " 3 " represents 3 ammunitions being positioned in perforating gun, wherein numeral table Show the ammunition quantity being positioned in perforating gun.Such as, 6 it is transported to and puts 6 bullets showing to be positioned in perforating gun Medicine.Term used herein " asymmetric " represents the quantity of ammunition being directed upwardly and is orientated Downward ammunition quantity is unequal.Such as, 2 ammunitions being directed upwardly and 1 are orientated downwards Ammunition be asymmetric.It is likewise possible to think 3 ammunitions being directed upwardly and 2 orientations It is asymmetric for downward ammunition.It should be noted that, term " preferably perforation face " and " preferably pressure break Face " use can be exchanged.

Exemplary 3 send out crossing configuration asymmetric:

As shown in general in Figure 12, it is possible to understand the present invention, wherein, perforating gun in more detail 1205 are positioned at wellbore 1204 together with multiple cumulative ammunitions 1201,1202,1211.Just Viewgraph of cross-section 1210, perspective view 1220, another front view 1230 and side view (end-view) 1240 is shown generally in Figure 12.Preferably perforation face 1206 can laterally be perpendicular to wellhole direction. According to preferred exemplary embodiment, wellhole direction can be with the horizontal minute angle.

After isolating segmentation for perforation, perforating gun string assembly (GSA) can be disposed also It is positioned in the segmentation isolated.GSA can include perforating gun string, such as connect by concatenation, ring or Person transfers and the rifle 1205 coupled mechanically to each other.After GSA is pumped into wellbore 1204, GSA Can be positioned in the lower surface of sleeve pipe due to gravity.GSA can self orientation so that at bullet Ammunition 1201,1202,1211 in medicine Zhi Chengguan (CHT) is angularly oriented.Can be with aforementioned Bonding jumper orients ammunition.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, internal pivotal bearing part is formed For gimbal to hang ammunition so that they are angularly towards preferred fracture planes.Depend on realizing the phase Hope orientation needed for distance, the spacing between the ammunition 1201,1202,1211 separated can equal or Person is unequal.According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, two ammunitions 1201,1202 are towards upwards Direction, an ammunition 1211 is towards downwardly direction.When perforation, ammunition is oriented such that it Intersect at preferred perforation face 1206.Ammunition 1201,1202 upwards intersects at preferred fracture planes 1206 In preferably play knick point 1208, and downward ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes 1206 plays knick point 1207.It is typically smaller than by downward ammunition supply point by perforation produced by ammunition upwards (hole upwards) The perforation (downward hole) produced.Therefore, in process of production, the pressure drop in upward direction less than to Lower section pressure drop upwards.Therefore, when extracting oil and gas, take out than from hole upwards from base apertures Take more oil and natural gas, thus create the flowing of asymmetric fluid.In order to make upwards and to Flowing in lower both direction maximizes and balances, and can be directed upwardly by 2 ammunitions and incite somebody to action The direction of one ammunition is orientated downwards.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, ammunition is in perforating gun Asymmetric arrangement, the ammunition of orientation and perforation is more than fixed in the other directions the most in one direction To the ammunition with perforation, it is allowed in production period fluid flowing in a basic balance in all directions.

Exemplary 6 send out crossing configuration asymmetric:

Above-mentioned 3 be similar in Figure 12 send out crossing configuration asymmetric, the most shown generally 6 send out crossing configuration asymmetric, wherein, perforating gun 1305 together with multiple cumulative ammunition 1301,1302, 1303,1311,1312,1313 it is positioned at together in wellbore 1304.Normal cross-section view 1310, Perspective view 1320, another front view 1330 and side view (end-view) 1340 are shown generally In Figure 13.Preferably perforation face 1306 can laterally be perpendicular to wellhole direction.

According to preferred exemplary embodiment, four ammunitions 1301,1302,1303,1313 towards Upwardly direction, two ammunitions 1311,1312 are towards downwardly direction.When perforation, ammunition is determined To for making them intersect at preferred perforation face 1306.Ammunition 1301,1302,1303,1313 upwards Intersect at and preferred fracture planes 1306 preferably plays knick point 1308, and downward ammunition 1311,1312 Knick point 1307 has been intersected at preferred fracture planes 1306.By perforation produced by ammunition upwards (to On hole) typically smaller than by perforation produced by downward ammunition (downward hole).Therefore, producing During, the pressure drop in upward direction is less than the pressure drop in downward direction gone up.Therefore, in extraction oil and sky So during gas, from base apertures ratio from the more oil and natural gas of hole extraction upwards, thus create not Symmetrical fluid flowing.In order to make the flowing in both direction up and down maximize and balance, 4 ammunitions can be directed upwardly and two ammunitions are orientated downwards.According to preferred example Property embodiment, ammunition asymmetric arrangement in perforating gun, the most in one direction orientation and perforation Ammunition is more than orientation in the other directions and the ammunition of perforation, it is allowed at production period in all directions On fluid flowing in a basic balance.

It should be noted that, arrange such as the ammunition of be shown respectively in Figure 12 and Figure 13 3 and 6 can not It is construed to limit.Ammunition upwards and any configuration of downward ammunition can be used to preferably Fracture planes intersects at multiple preferably rising at knick point.Such as, in being transported to put 6, can be with upwardly-directed 5 Individual ammunition and be downwardly oriented an ammunition.In another example, it is possible to use have upwardly-directed 3 ammunitions are transported to the 5 of two ammunitions being downwardly oriented and are put.According to obtaining institute in preferred fracture planes The desired needs preferably playing knick point, the quantity of ammunition can be 3 to 12.

The crossing configuration of exemplary 4:

As shown in general in Figure 14 a, it is possible to understand the present invention, wherein, perforating gun in more detail 1405 are deployed in wellbore 1404 together with multiple cumulative ammunitions 1401,1402,1411,1412 In.(end regards for normal cross-section view 1410, perspective view 1420, another front view 1430 and side view Figure) 1440 shown generally in Figure 14 a.

In preferred exemplary embodiment, two ammunitions separated 1411,1412 are angularly oriented For downwards (" downward ammunition ") and two ammunitions separated 1401,1402 be angularly oriented into Upwards (" ammunition upwards ").The angle of ammunition upwards can be so that they be orientated intersect at excellent Select at a knick point 1408 upwards of fracture planes 1406.Ammunition upwards and preferred fracture planes 1406 Angle can be 1 degree to 75 degree.Similarly, the angle of downward ammunition can be so that they are fixed To downward the rising at knick point 1407 for intersecting at preferred fracture planes 1406.Downward ammunition is with preferred The angle of fracture planes 1406 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.According to other exemplary embodiment, upwards Play knick point and downward to play knick point equal to the distance of the longitudinal axis of described perforating gun 1405.Such as, from A downward knick point 1407 can be equal to knick point from upwards to the distance of the longitudinal axis of perforating gun 1405 The distance of 1408 longitudinal axis arriving perforating gun 1405.

Figure 14 b (1450) generally illustrate be connected to ammunition that each separates 1401,1402, 1411, the exploding wire 1414 of 1412.In this configuration of ammunition, the length of exploding wire such as Fig. 7 (0700) other configurations and shown in Fig. 8 (0800) are short.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, There is the exploding wire length reduction of following configuration more than 10%, in the configuration, place upwards continuously Orientation ammunition and place the ammunition being downwardly oriented continuously.

The crossing configuration of exemplary 6:

As shown in general in Figure 15, it is possible to understand the present invention, wherein, perforating gun in more detail 1505 position together with multiple cumulative ammunitions 1501,1502,1503,1511,1512,1513 In wellbore 1504.Normal cross-section view 1510, perspective view 1520, another front view 1530 Shown generally in Figure 15 with side view (end-view) 1540.

In preferred exemplary embodiment, three ammunitions separated 1511,1512,1513 are at an angle of Be orientated downwards (" downward ammunition ") and three ammunitions separated 1501,1502,1503 It is angularly oriented as upwards (" ammunition upwards ").The angle of ammunition upwards can be so that them It is orientated and intersects at a knick point 1508 upwards of preferred fracture planes 1506.Ammunition upwards is with excellent The angle selecting fracture planes 1506 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.Similarly, the angle of downward ammunition can Think and intersect at a downward knick point 1507 of preferred fracture planes 1506 so that they are orientated.To Under the angle of ammunition and preferred fracture planes 1506 can be 1 degree to 75 degree.According to other example Property embodiment, playing knick point and downward playing the knick point distance to the longitudinal axis of described perforating gun 1505 upwards Equal.Such as, from downward, knick point 1507 can be equal to the distance of the longitudinal axis of perforating gun 1505 From upwards, knick point 1508 is to the distance of the longitudinal axis of perforating gun 1505.

It should be noted that, intangibility arranged by the ammunition of 4 and 6 be shown respectively such as Figure 14 a and Figure 15 It is interpreted as limiting.Ammunition and any configuration of downward ammunition upwards can be used to and preferably press Broken face intersects at multiple preferably rising at knick point.Such as, in being transported to put 8, can be with upwardly-directed 4 Ammunition and be downwardly oriented 4 ammunitions.In another example, it is possible to use there are upwardly-directed 5 Individual ammunition is transported to the 10 of 5 ammunitions being downwardly oriented and is put.According to realizing institute's phase in preferred fracture planes That hopes preferably plays knick point, and the quantity of ammunition can be 4 to 16.

Exemplary 6 send out mixed configuration crossing:

As shown in general in Figure 16, it is possible to understand the present invention, wherein, perforating gun in more detail 1605 position together with multiple cumulative ammunitions 1601,1602,1603,1611,1612,1613 In wellbore 1604.Normal cross-section view 1610, perspective view 1620, another front view 1630 Shown generally in Figure 16 with side view (end-view) 1640.Have 2 to be sent to and 2 Downward this is configured to leading oriented perforating, and however it has and upper-lower axis for robustness Out of phase perforation.In 6 mixed configuration shown in figure 16, two upwardly-directed ammunitions 1602,1603 intersecting at and preferably play knick point 1608 in preferred fracture planes 1606, another is upwards fixed To ammunition 1613 intersect at another preferred crack initiation 1617 with preferred fracture planes 1606, two are the most fixed To ammunition 1611,1612 intersect at preferred fracture planes 1606 preferably play knick point 1607, another The individual ammunition 1601 being downwardly oriented intersects at another with preferred fracture planes 1606 and preferably plays knick point 1618.

Exemplary 6 determine phase configuration crossing mixing:

More typically property can illustrate that exemplary 6 of the present invention are sent out mixing crossing and surely matched in fig. 17 Put, wherein, perforating gun 1705 together with multiple cumulative ammunition 1701,1702,1703,1711,1712, 1713 are positioned in wellbore 1704 together.Normal cross-section view 1710, perspective view 1720, another One front view 1730 and side view (end-view) 1740 are shown generally in Figure 17.At Figure 17 Shown in 6 cloudings close determine in phase configuration, three upwardly-directed ammunitions 1701,1702,1703 Can produce and become low-angle with preferred fracture planes 1706 and preferably play knick point 1707,1708,1709. In the diagram illustrated, ammunition 1701 upwards can be with to relative to PFP (preferably fracture planes) 1706 Minute angle and PFP 1706 intersect at and preferably play knick point 1707, ammunition 1702 upwards can nothing Angle of flare ground directly intersects at preferably play knick point 1708 with PFP 1706, and ammunition 1703 upwards Can intersect at the angle of flare relative to PFP 1706 and PFP 1706 and preferably play knick point 1708.Before Stating angle of flare can be 0 degree to 90 degree.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, by multiple preferably Associate with angle of flare to produce by preferred fracture planes at knick point and widely play knick point.Can be passed through that 3 preferably knick points 1707,1708,1709 around here with small angle of flare 1722 realize more Play knick point widely.Similarly, three upwardly-directed ammunitions 1711,1712,1713 can produce Become low-angle with preferred fracture planes 1706 and preferably play knick point 1717,1718,1719.

Figure 18 generally illustrates to have and configures bigger than the angle of flare 1722 shown in Figure 17 6 of angle of flare 1822 are intersected mixing and are determined phase configuration.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, angle of flare It can be 0 degree to 90 degree.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, the quantity of the ammunition in perforating gun can Being 2 to 12 to produce bigger angle of flare.

Exemplary 2 send out crossing configuration non-:

In Figure 19, generally illustrate exemplary 2 of the present invention send out crossing configuration non-, wherein, Perforating gun 1905 is positioned in wellbore 1904 together with ammunition 1901,1902.Normal cross-section View 1910, side view 1920 and perspective view 1930 are shown generally in Figure 19.Aforementioned In configuration, ammunition can need not mechanical support system and orient.Perforating gun is relative to wellbore Decentration allows to offset the angle of ammunition.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, in the going of perforating gun The heart counteracts the angle of ammunition so that they both terminate in the distance identical away from wellhole.Such as, Ammunition 1901 and ammunition 1902 terminate in and preferably play knick point 1908 and preferably rise at knick point 1907.Rise Knick point 1907,1908 can distance away from wellhole identical.

Exemplary 3,4,5,6 and 7 send out crossing configuration non-:

It is similar to shown in Figure 19 2 be transported to and put, illustrate in detail 3 in fig. 20 and send out phase non- Copulation is put.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, an ammunition is located immediately at preferred perforation face. Such as, in being transported to put 3, ammunition 2003 is positioned in preferred perforation face 2006.Other two ammunitions 2001,2002 it is at an angle of so that they terminate at the distance identical away from wellhole.

Figure 21 (2100) shows that 4 send out crossing configuration non-, and wherein 4 ammunitions are positioned in perforating gun. Figure 22 (2200) shows that 5 send out crossing configuration non-, and wherein 5 ammunitions are positioned in perforating gun.Figure 23 (2300) show that 6 send out crossing configuration non-, and wherein 6 ammunitions are positioned in perforating gun.Figure 24 (2400) showing that 7 send out crossing configuration non-, wherein 7 ammunitions are positioned in perforating gun.Should note Meaning, the quantity of the ammunition in Figure 19 to Figure 24 is for illustration purposes only, and is not to be construed as limiting. According to preferred exemplary embodiment, perforating gun can include 2 ammunitions to 12 ammunitions, at perforation Time, ammunition intersects with preferred perforation face, but the most unconnected.

Configuration that exemplary 5 send out crossing mixing ammunition non-:

Generally illustrate exemplary 5 of the present invention in fig. 25 to send out crossing mixing ammunition non-and join Putting, wherein, perforating gun 2505 is together with cumulative ammunition 2501,2502,2503,2511,2,512 1 Rise and be positioned in wellbore 2504.Normal cross-section view 2510, perspective view 2520, another faces Figure 25 30 and side view 2540 are shown generally in Figure 25.Ammunition includes multiple ammunition design, Such as large aperture, deep penetration, excellent cellular type (good holes), reaction equation, conventional formula and they Combination.One or more in ammunition can be different designs the high side at sleeve pipe to be placed Bigger hole thus fracturing fluid or deeper penetrate is fed on more downside.Figure 25 illustrates It is 5 systems with macropore design ammunition 2503 upward.Should be appreciated that this concept can be applied Take office what it determine phase or system, and can 3 or more ammunition design be combined in single In system.Such as, in 7 designs, 2 ammunitions can be large aperture, and 2 ammunitions can be deep Penetrate, and 3 ammunitions can be the design of excellent hole.In 5 mixed configuration shown in fig. 25, Ammunition 2501,2502,2511,2512 intersect in preferred fracture planes 2506 preferably rise knick point 2507, 2508,2517,2518, and upwardly-directed large aperture design ammunition 2503 and preferred fracture planes 2506 Intersect at another and preferably play knick point 2509.Large aperture ammunition 2503 is deep to penetrating of preferred fracture planes Degree is likely less than the penetration depth of other ammunition 2501,2502,2511,2512.According to preferably Exemplary embodiment, the combination of the ammunition design being attached to perforator design allows perforation to have different More large aperture in penetration depth and rifle so that fluid flows base in all directions in process of production This is equal.According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, the ballistic characteristics of ammunition design in perforating gun It is the most similar.According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, the bullet of ammunition design in perforating gun Road characteristic is different from each other.It is similar to 5 shown in Figure 25 be transported to and put, in Figure 26 (2600) Generally illustrate exemplary 7 configuration of sending out crossing mixing ammunition non-.

Exemplary 6 are intersected and 7 crossing configurations:

Figure 27 (2700) shows in detail in general manner the present invention, exemplary 6 intersect With 7 normal cross-section views intersecting configuration, wherein, perforating gun 2701 and another perforating gun 2702 It is positioned in wellbore.According to preferred exemplary embodiment, rifle string assembly can include multiple penetrating Hole rifle, each of which is all mounted with the perforation ammunition of identical or different quantity.Such as, as shown in Figure 27, Perforating gun 2701 is mounted with 7 ammunitions, and perforating gun 2702 is mounted with 6 ammunitions.During perforation, Ammunition in perforating gun is configured to intersect with preferred fracture planes.Ammunition quantity in perforating gun can be by It is configured to stratum and required penetration depth and realizes optimal preferably playing knick point.It should be noted that, The ammunition quantity being illustrated in perforating gun 2701 and perforating gun 2702 is for illustration purposes only and should not regard For limiting.In order to realize optimal fluid flow in process of production, each permissible in perforating gun It is configured with the multiple ammunitions in the range of 2 to 12 and each ammunition can be identical or not Same type.

According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, rifle string assembly can include multi-openings rifle, its Each it is mounted with the perforation ammunition of identical or different type.Such as, as shown in Figure 28 (2800), Perforating gun 2801 is mounted with 7 ammunitions, and but described ammunition intersects with preferred fracture planes do not intersects at excellent Select knick point.And perforating gun 2802 is mounted with 6 ammunitions, described ammunition intersects also with preferred perforation face And also intersect at preferably playing knick point and downward preferably playing knick point upwards.During perforation, perforating gun In ammunition be configured to intersect with preferred fracture planes.Ammunition quantity in perforating gun can be configured to Realize based on stratum and required penetration depth optimal preferably playing knick point.It should be noted that, it is shown that Ammunition quantity in perforating gun 2801 and perforating gun 2802 is for illustration purposes only and is not construed as limit System.In order to realize optimal fluid flow in process of production, each perforating gun can be configured to There are the multiple ammunitions in the range of 2 to 12 and each ammunition can be identical or different class Type.

Systematic review

What the system of the present invention was expected in wellbore determines phase perforating gun orientation system is the extensive of basic theme Various modification, described system include multiple upwardly-directed cumulative ammunition (ammunition upwards) and multiple to The cumulative ammunition (downward ammunition) of lower orientation, wherein:

At least one in ammunition upwards is configured to angulation for the direction of wellbore The upward direction location of degree；

At least one in downward ammunition is configured to angulation for the direction of wellbore The location in downward direction of degree；With

When perforation, multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunition are configured to intersect at preferably presses In broken face；Preferably fracture planes is laterally perpendicular to the direction of wellbore.

This General System summary can be expanded, in order to make overall with this by various elements described herein The huge variety of inventive embodiments that specification is consistent.

Method survey

The method expection of the present invention to be embodied as the huge variety of modification of basic theme, but can be general by it Include and determine phase perforating gun method for a kind of current limliting, wherein, in determining phase perforating gun system, perform the method, described System includes multiple upwardly-directed cumulative ammunitions (ammunition upwards) and multiple cumulative ammunition being downwardly oriented (downward ammunition), wherein:

At least one in ammunition upwards is configured to angled for the direction of wellbore Upward direction orientation；

At least one in downward ammunition is configured to angled for the direction of wellbore Orientation in downward direction；With

When perforation, multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunition are configured in preferred fracture planes In intersect；Preferably fracture planes is laterally perpendicular to the direction of wellbore；

Wherein, the method comprises the steps:

(1) by least one in multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunitions at least One and rifle are positioned in wellbore；

(2) by least one in multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunitions at least One orientation is in a desired direction；With

(3) with at least one in multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunitions at least One perforation is in hydrocarbon containing formation so that at least one in multiple ammunitions upwards Preferred fracture planes is intersected at at least one in multiple downward ammunitions.

This conventional method summary can be expanded to make and setting with this entirety by various elements described herein The huge variety of inventive embodiments that meter explanation is consistent.

The modification of system/method

Present invention expection is with the extraction huge variety of modification as basic theme of oil and natural gas.First premise The example gone out does not represents the gamut that may use.It is intended to enumerate lacking in virtually limitless probability Permitted probability.

Multiple additional embodiments can be used to expand described fundamental system and method, include but not limited to:

The embodiment of the most multiple ammunition equi-spaced apart upwards.

The embodiment of the most multiple downward ammunition equi-spaced apart.

Perforating gun includes an ammunition upwards and the embodiment of a downward ammunition wherein.

Perforating gun includes two ammunitions upwards and the embodiment of two downward ammunitions wherein.

Wherein, ammunition upwards is configured to the knick point upwards intersecting in preferred fracture planes；Will Downward ammunition is configured to intersect at a downward knick point of preferred fracture planes；And upwards play knick point With the equidistant embodiment playing downwards knick point and the longitudinal axis of perforating gun.

The most multiple downward ammunitions are arranged on the embodiment between multiple ammunition upwards.

Angle between direction and the direction of wellbore of at least one of which ammunition upwards is 1 degree To 75 degree.

Angle between direction and the direction of wellbore of the ammunition that at least one of which is downward is 1 degree To the embodiment of 75 degree.

Angle between direction and the direction of wellbore of at least one of which ammunition upwards is 52 The embodiment of degree.

Angle between direction and the direction of wellbore of the ammunition that at least one of which is downward is 13 The embodiment of degree.

Wherein multiple ammunitions upwards and multiple downward ammunition are alternately positioned in perforating gun Embodiment.

Angle between the direction of at least one of which ammunition upwards and preferably fracture planes be 1 degree to 75 The embodiment of degree.

Angle between direction and the described preferred fracture planes of the ammunition that at least one of which is downward is 1 degree To the embodiment of 75 degree.

Embodiment, wherein:

Angle between at least one ammunition and preferred fracture planes upwards is 13 degree；

Angle between at least one ammunition and preferred fracture planes upwards is 35 degree；

Angle between at least one downward ammunition and preferably fracture planes is 13 degree；

Angle between at least one downward ammunition and preferably fracture planes is 35 degree；

Wherein the direction of wellbore be level embodiment.

The direction of wellbore is from the horizontal by the embodiment of angle wherein.

Wherein, change directional cumulation ammunition is used；Change is internally attached to described perforating gun Embodiment.

Those skilled in the art it will be recognized that combination based on the element taught in illustrating in foregoing invention, Other embodiment is possible.

Alternative system is summarized

The system expection of the present invention huge variety of change with the perforating gun system in wellbore as basic theme Type, described system includes multiple ammunition, and wherein, multiple ammunitions are configured to create in perforating process multiple Preferably play knick point, and multiple knick point that preferably rises intersects with preferred fracture planes.

This General System summary can be expanded to make and setting with this entirety by various elements described herein The huge variety of inventive embodiments that meter explanation is consistent.

Alternative method is summarized

The method expection of the present invention to be embodied as the huge variety of modification of basic theme, but can be general by it Include as a kind of perforating methods using perforating gun system in wellbore；This system includes multiple ammunition, its In, multiple ammunitions are configured to create in perforating process and multiple preferably play knick point；And multiple preferred crack initiations Point intersects with preferred fracture planes；

Wherein, the method comprises the steps:

(1) rifle and multiple ammunition are positioned in wellbore；

(2) by least one location in multiple ammunitions in the desired direction；With

(3) with in multiple ammunition perforations to hydrocarbon containing formation so that at least one in multiple ammunitions with Preferably fracture planes intersects at multiple preferably risen in knick point.

The system/method modification substituted

Present invention expection is with the extraction huge variety of modification as basic theme of oil and natural gas.First premise The example gone out does not represents the gamut that may use.It is merely intended to enumerate lacking in virtually limitless probability Permitted probability.

Multiple additional embodiments can be used to expand described fundamental system and method, and it includes but not limited to:

Preferably fracture planes is the most laterally perpendicular to the embodiment in direction of wellbore wherein.

The longitudinal axis around perforating gun determines the embodiment of mutually multiple ammunitions equably wherein.

The longitudinal axis around perforating gun unequally determines the embodiment of mutually multiple ammunitions wherein.

The most multiple preferably play the knick point equidistant embodiment to the longitudinal axis of perforating gun.

It is the most multiple that preferably to play knick point equal to the distance of the longitudinal axis of wellbore.

The most multiple preferably play the knick point unequal embodiment of distance to the longitudinal axis of perforating gun.

At least one preferably risen in knick point the most multiple become the embodiment of angle of flare with preferred fracture planes.

At least one in the most multiple ammunitions is positioned at the embodiment in preferred fracture planes.

Spacing between two adjacent ammunitions that the most multiple ammunitions are located such that in multiple ammunition Equal embodiment.

The most multiple ammunitions are located such that the spacing between two adjacent ammunitions of multiple ammunition not Equal embodiment.

At least one in the most multiple ammunitions is configured to for the direction of wellbore Upwardly direction orients, and at least one in multiple ammunition is configured to relative to wellbore casings The embodiment of downwardly direction orientation for the direction of pipe.

At least two in the most multiple ammunitions is located such that when perforation, in multiple ammunitions extremely Few two single embodiments preferably risen at knick point intersected in preferred fracture planes.

The most multiple ammunitions are oriented such that, when perforation, multiple ammunitions do not intersect at preferred fracture planes In the single embodiment preferably risen at knick point.

The embodiment of multiple ammunitions is not the most oriented by machinery bar.

The unequal embodiment of penetration depth of the most multiple ammunitions.

The embodiment of the trajectory attribute basic simlarity each other of the most multiple ammunitions.

The embodiment that the trajectory attribute of the most multiple ammunitions is different from each other.

The most multiple ammunitions are selected from: large aperture, deep penetration, excellent cellular type, reaction equation or conventional formula The embodiment of ammunition.

Multiple ammunition is oriented wherein by change；Change is internally attached to the embodiment of perforating gun.

Conclusion

Disclose a kind of for deflection/wellhole of level in the Perforations of accurate perforation determine phase gun system with Method.This system/method includes rifle string assembly (GSA) with cumulative ammunition bunch being deployed in wellhole.Quilt Ammunition is spaced and is at an angle of so that when perforation, described ammunition intersects at preferred fracture planes.In pressure break Time, crack starts from the minimum the preferred fracture planes vertical with wellhole from the position up and down of wellhole Principal stress position.Afterwards, crack around wellhole in preferred fracture planes radially connected.In preferred fracture planes In frac treatment in order to the longer extension in crack produces, there is the path of minimal distortion degree, it achieves is giving birth to Effective oil and natural gas flow velocity during product.

Although having been illustrated with in the accompanying drawings and illustrating being preferable to carry out of the present invention in above-mentioned detailed description Example, but it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but can be without departing from the most front Carry out in the case of the spirit of the described present invention and the spirit that is defined by the appended claims various again Arrange, revise and substitute.

Claims

1. the perforating gun system in wellbore, it includes multiple ammunition, wherein, the plurality of Ammunition is configured to during perforation to create and multiple preferably plays knick point；And the plurality of preferably play knick point Intersect with preferred fracture planes.

2. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described preferred fracture planes is the most horizontal It is perpendicular to the direction of described wellbore.

3. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, equal around the longitudinal axis of described perforating gun Etc. the direction of the mutually the most the plurality of ammunition in ground.

4. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, around described perforating gun the longitudinal axis not The direction of fixed mutually the plurality of ammunition equably.

5. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the plurality of knick point that preferably rises is to institute The distance of the longitudinal axis stating perforating gun is equal.

6. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the plurality of knick point that preferably rises is to institute The distance of the longitudinal axis stating wellbore is equal.

7. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the plurality of knick point that preferably rises is to institute The distance of the longitudinal axis stating perforating gun is unequal.

8. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the plurality of preferably rises in knick point At least one becomes angle of flare with described preferred fracture planes.

9. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least in the plurality of ammunition Individual it is positioned in described preferred fracture planes.

10. perforating gun system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the plurality of ammunition is positioned as making Obtain the spacing between two adjacent ammunitions in the plurality of ammunition identical.

11. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the plurality of ammunition is positioned as making The spacing obtained between two adjacent ammunitions in the plurality of ammunition differs.

12. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least in the plurality of ammunition Individual being configured to orients with upwardly direction for the direction of described wellbore, and described many At least one in individual ammunition is configured to side downward for the direction of described wellbore To orientation.

13. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least two in the plurality of ammunition Individual being oriented such that when perforation, at least two in the plurality of ammunition intersects at described preferably presses Single in broken face preferably plays knick point.

14. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the plurality of ammunition is positioned as making Must be when perforation, what the plurality of ammunition did not intersected in described preferred fracture planes single preferably plays knick point.

15. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1 are not wherein, described many by machinery bar orientation Individual ammunition.

16. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the penetration depth of the plurality of ammunition Unequal.

17. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the trajectory attribute of the plurality of ammunition Basic simlarity each other.

18. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the trajectory attribute of the plurality of ammunition Different from each other.

19. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the plurality of ammunition is selected from: macropore Footpath, deep penetration, excellent cellular type, reaction equation or conventional formula ammunition.

20. perforating gun systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, use change to orient the plurality of bullet Medicine；Described change is internally attached to described perforating gun.

21. 1 kinds of perforating methods using perforating gun system in wellbore；Described system includes many Individual ammunition, wherein said multiple ammunitions are configured to during perforation to create and multiple preferably play knick point；And And the plurality of knick point that preferably rises intersects at preferred fracture planes；

Wherein, described method comprises the steps:

(1) described system and the plurality of ammunition are positioned in described wellbore；

(2) by least one orientation in the plurality of ammunition in the desired direction；With

(3) with at least one perforation in the plurality of ammunition to hydrocarbon containing formation so that the plurality of At least one in ammunition and described preferred fracture planes intersect at the plurality of preferably risen in knick point Place.

22. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21, wherein, at least in the plurality of ammunition Individual being configured to orients with upwardly direction for the direction of described wellbore, and described many At least one in individual ammunition is configured to side downward for the direction of described wellbore To orientation.

23. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21, wherein, at least two in the plurality of ammunition Individual being oriented such that when perforation, at least two in the plurality of ammunition intersects at described preferably presses Single in broken face preferably plays knick point.

24. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21, wherein, the plurality of ammunition is oriented and makes Must be when perforation, what the plurality of ammunition did not intersected in described preferred fracture planes described single preferably rises Knick point.

25. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21 are not wherein, described many by machinery bar orientation Individual ammunition.

26. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21, wherein, the penetration depth of the plurality of ammunition Unequal.

27. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21, wherein, the trajectory attribute of the plurality of ammunition Basic simlarity each other.

28. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21, wherein, the trajectory attribute of the plurality of ammunition Different each other.

29. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21, wherein said multiple ammunitions are selected from: large aperture, Deep penetration, excellent cellular type, reaction equation or conventional formula ammunition.

30. perforating methods as claimed in claim 21, wherein, use change to orient the plurality of bullet Medicine；Described change is internally attached to described perforating gun.