CN110352286A - Limited for field use penetrates perforating methods - Google Patents

Limited for field use penetrates perforating methods Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110352286A
CN110352286A CN201880014436.2A CN201880014436A CN110352286A CN 110352286 A CN110352286 A CN 110352286A CN 201880014436 A CN201880014436 A CN 201880014436A CN 110352286 A CN110352286 A CN 110352286A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
angle
concave surface
degree
stratum
method described
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CN201880014436.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
C·D·戴
M·C·克莱
J·金赛
C·贝弗里奇
S·吉尔特
D·W·普拉特
J·科克尔
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Owen Oil Tools LP
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Owen Oil Tools LP
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Owen Oil Tools LP filed Critical Owen Oil Tools LP
Publication of CN110352286A publication Critical patent/CN110352286A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117Shaped-charge perforators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/028Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the form of the liner

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Abstract

For the method to the complete well of unconventional subsurface formations the following steps are included: perforation tool is located in the section of the deflection pit shaft intersected with unconventional stratum;At least one opening is formed in mining structure, and is not penetrated into surrounding formation substantially by emitting perforation tool simultaneously;And by pumping fracturing fluid by least one opening come fracturing stratum.Perforation tool may include there is powder charge box, the lined-cavity charge of explosive substance inside the type cover that is arranged in powder charge box and filling powder charge box.

Description

Limited for field use penetrates perforating methods
Technical field
This disclosure relates to apparatus and methods for completing a well.
Background technique
Production of hydrocarbons well generally includes the casing string being located in pit shaft, which runs through subterranean oil or gas deposit.Set Tubing string increases the integrality of pit shaft, and the path for arriving at ground is provided for production fluid.In general, complete well is related to using concrete It attaches a cannula on pit shaft face, perforation is then carried out to stratum by detonation of shaped charges.When ignition, lined-cavity charge is produced The raw jet stream across casing and concrete, and form the short distance tunnel into adjacent earth formations.Perforation tunnel be cause it is unconventional The main reason for hydraulic fracturing oil reservoir curvature.Perforation is also possible to generate microcrack in pit shaft nearby, this is likely to form from hair The loss zone that the pressure break desired zone of raw intrinsic fracture is taken away.Curvature and loss zone can significantly affect production fluid outflow ground Layer.
Referring to Fig. 1, a part for having carried out the pit shaft 10 of well in a conventional manner is shown.The tunnel formed by perforation tool 11 pass through the cement sheath 16 of wellbore tubular 14 (such as casing) and surrounding, and extend certain distance and enter in stratum 18 up to 8 inches Or longer distance.For the sake of simplicity, wellbore tubular 14 and cement sheath 16 are properly termed as " mining structure ".Mining structure can also include Other winning apparatus being installed in the well.Stratum 18 can be unconventional stratum, such as shale.Using the prior art, can lead Crack/the crack generated during hydraulic fracturing activities is caused to be positioned about and be orientated in tunnel 11.Crack 20 shows this crack such as What is positioned and orientation.However, the position in this crack and orientation are unsuitable effective due to the generation of curvature and loss zone Fluid flowing.
The disclosure generates tunnel departing from traditional perforating technology by minimizing or eliminating in the earth formation.
Summary of the invention
In certain aspects, present disclose provides a kind of methods to the complete well of unconventional subsurface formations.This method can wrap It includes following steps: completion tool is located in the deflection section of the pit shaft intersected with unconventional stratum;The shape in mining structure At at least one opening, and it is not penetrated into surrounding formation substantially by starting completion tool simultaneously;By pumping pressure break Fluid is by at least one opening come fracturing stratum.
In certain aspects, the disclosure additionally provides a kind of for executing the perforation tool of disclosed well completion operations.It penetrates Hole tool may include lined-cavity charge, inside powder charge box, the type cover being arranged in powder charge box and filling powder charge box Explosive substance.In one arrangement, type cover has concave surface and outer concave surface.The angle for limiting concave surface can be less than Limit the angle of outer concave surface.
The above-mentioned example of the feature of the disclosure has quite widely been outlined, it is subsequent detailed so as to more fully understand Thin description, and it is understood that the contribution to this field.Certainly, the supplementary features of the disclosure will be described below and by shape At the theme of appended claims.
Detailed description of the invention
It, should be in conjunction with attached drawing with reference to the described in detail below of preferred embodiment, wherein identical in order to which the disclosure is understood in detail Element is endowed identical label, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross sectional views of a part of perforation and the horizontal well of rupture in a usual manner;
Fig. 2A is the schematic cross sectional views according to a part of the horizontal well of the perforation of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 2 B is the schematic cross sectional views of Fig. 2A well part ruptured;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view according to the lined-cavity charge of an embodiment of the present disclosure manufacture;With
Fig. 4 A ﹣ C is the sectional view according to the lined-cavity charge type cover of embodiment of the present disclosure manufacture;With
Fig. 5 is the schematic cross sectional views of one embodiment of the equipment of the disclosure, is located in the well for penetrating subsurface formations It is interior.
Specific embodiment
All aspects of this disclosure provide the method for having carried out well to unconventional stratum (such as hydrocarbonaceous shale formation) With related perforation tool.For the disclosure, " unconventional " stratum is usually to have less than 10 millidarcies (mD) permeability Stratum.The permeability on many " unconventional " stratum is between 1 millimicro darcy (nD) and 1 millidarcy (mD).With traditional perforation Technology on the contrary, according to the perforation tool of the disclosure be designed to only well casing and around cement sheath in drill.Rock around pit shaft The impact for the penetrating jets that stone and soil can only at most be generated by perforation tool.Therefore, curvature and micro- can be substantially reduced Crack (if indelible).Therefore, by keeping stratal surface substantially complete, subsequent hydraulic fracturing operations can be improved Validity.
Illustrate the perforation and fracturing process of the disclosure referring to Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B.In fig. 2a, it shows according to disclosure reality Apply the section of the pit shaft 10 of the perforation of example.Perforating gun 140 (its details is described below) has the opening 22 of forming, this is opened Mouth 22 passes through mining structure (that is, wellbore tubular 14 and cement sheath 16) but does not extend into stratum 18.In fact, in certain situations Under, tunnel 11 (Fig. 1) can extend little distance into stratum 18 from one or more openings 22.For the mesh of the disclosure , the penetration range in stratum 18 no more than three inches is defined as " less " penetration length.In some applications, " little " Penetration length is not more than 2 inches.
Fig. 2 B shows subsequent fracturing activities, wherein the fracturing fluid 30 to pressurize is directed into opening 22.It should infuse Meaning, fracturing fluid 30 act on stratum 18 close on the face of cement sheath 32.The face 32 on stratum 18 is the circumference for limiting pit shaft 10 Surface.Pressure relevant to hydraulic fracturing can make stratum natural compared with separating at weak position near opening 22 now.This can Cause to generate the crack being more preferably aligned with opening 22.That is, crack is fluidly connected with opening 22, this facilitate fluid streams It moves, reduce flow resistance simultaneously.Crack 34 illustrates how this crack positions and be orientated.
The perforation opening 22 of Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B can be formed by using following perforation tool, the perforation tool tool There is the lined-cavity charge being specifically constructed to for limited perforation.In embodiment, at least three aspects of lined-cavity charge can be with Be configured to the distance that limitation penetrating jets are advanced: constitute the material of lined-cavity charge type cover, lined-cavity charge type cover shape, with And the explosive mixture of lined-cavity charge.
Referring to Fig. 3, the cross section of explosion lined-cavity charge 40 is shown.Lined-cavity charge 40 has powder charge box 42.Powder charge Box 42, which has, defines the inner surface or wall 44 of the hollow inside of powder charge box 42.Powder charge box 42 is open at outer end and inwardly gradually becomes Carefully.The inside of box 42 is arranged in type cover 48.Type cover 48 is from the base portion 50 positioned at outer end to 52 taper inward of nasal portion.Type cover 48 are open at base portion 50 and have hollow inside.Explosive substance 54 is arranged between type cover 48 and the inner wall 44 of box 42.It is quick-fried Fried property substance 54 is passed through the channel of 42 inner terminal of box from the internal stretch of box 42.Box 42 receives exploding wire (not shown), For igniting explosive substance 54.
A factor for influencing penetration depth is the material of composition type cover 48.Penetration depth is emphasized generally, due to tradition, because This material for tending to be formed fine and close and compact penetrating jets is advantageous.It is smaller that embodiment of the disclosure use forms density And the material of the penetrating jets of opposite diffusion.This penetrating jets exhaust energy while carrying out perforation to mining structure, and And there is the quality for being not enough to mobile stratum.Type cover 48 can be by the material of such as aluminium, zinc, molybdenum, copper, magnesium or other low density materials Material is formed.In embodiment, type cover may also include low density material, such as thermoplastic polymer (PTFE, UHMW etc.).
Another factor for influencing penetration depth is type hood shape or geometry.Type hood shape can influence explosive object How and when the energy of matter release interacts with type cover 48.For example, the type cover 48 for being formed as shallow bowl can be formed than tool The penetrating jets for having acute cone shape type cover wider and more flat.Moreover, type cover can have such as frustum of a cone, parabola, insertion Vertex (plugged apex), nearly EFP oblique angle type cover shape.
Referring now in Fig. 4 A ﹣ C, the non-limiting embodiment of type cover 48 is shown, can limit and only be penetrated into exploitation Structure.In Figure 4 A, type cover 48 has concave surface 51 and outer concave surface 53.Concave surface 51 is limited by angle 56, the angle 56 are less than the angle 55 for limiting outer concave surface 53.For example, angle 55 can be spent than angle 56 big one to ten.It is illustrative unrestricted Property angle to may is that angle 56 be 80 degree and angle 55 is 82 degree, angle 56 is 82 degree and angle 55 is 83 degree, angle 56 be 85 degree and angle 55 is 88 degree, and angle 56 is 90 degree and angle 55 is 91 degree etc..In certain embodiments, in restriction The angle 56 of concave surface can be than limiting the angle 55 small one of outer concave surface to twice.In addition, the thickness on the vertex 60 of type cover 48 Any other thickness of type cover 48 can be greater than.
The modification of Fig. 4 A embodiment is that angle 56 is greater than angle 55.For example, angle 55 can be spent than angle 56 small one to ten. For illustrative non-limiting angle to may is that angle 55 is 80 degree and angle 56 is 82 degree, angle 55 is 82 degree and angle Degree 56 is 83 degree, and angle 55 is 85 degree and angle 56 is 88 degree, and angle 55 is 90 degree and angle 56 is 91 degree etc..Certain In embodiment, the angle 55 for limiting concave surface can be than limiting the angle 56 small one of outer concave surface to twice.
Therefore, in general, limiting the angle 55 of concave surface can differ once with the angle 56 for limiting outer concave surface to two Degree.
In figure 4b, type cover 48 has inner surface 70 and outer surface 72, is both limited by compound geometry.Inner surface 70 have concave portion 74 and female parts 76.Equally, outer surface 72 has concave portion 78 and female parts 80.For interior table The inflection point 82,84 of face 70 and outer surface 72 can be positioned at midpoint or closer at vertex 60.
In figure 4 c, type cover 48 has concave surface 90 and outer concave surface 92.Concave surface 90 is limited by angle 94, the angle Degree 94 is greater than the angle 96 for limiting outer concave surface 92.For example, angle 94 can be spent than angle 96 big one to ten.Illustrative non-limit Property angle processed is to may is that angle 96 is 81 degree and angle 94 is 84 degree, and angle 96 is 83 degree and angle 94 is 85 degree, angle Degree 96 is 88 degree and angle 94 is 91 degree, and angle 96 is 90 degree and angle 94 is 93 degree etc..In embodiment, indent is limited The angle on surface is smaller by one than the angle for limiting outer concave surface to two degrees.Alternatively, the thickness on the vertex 60 of type cover 48 can be greater than Any other thickness of type cover 48, the thickness are 90,92 points of the surface distances opened.Thickness can be the thickness of type cover proximate portion Multiple.The multiple can be between 2 to 15 times.
Other than type cover arrangement and material, explosive substance 54, which can be configured to generate, has penetrating for limited perforation ability Hole jet stream.Traditional explosive composite is sought to mould and push penetrating jets to have maximum penetration capacity.It is quick-fried according to the disclosure Fried property substance 54 may include the composition for discharging certain energy, reduce detonation velocity in the form of shock wave and heat, then Reduce effluxvelocity.For example, explosive substance 54 may include the inertia or energetic additive for reducing total energy density, or packet It includes the energy being located in powder charge box 42 at selected location and reduces additive.Illustrative explosive substance include RDX (hexogen, Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine), HMX (octogen, cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine), CLCP, HNS and PYX.
In addition, powder charge box 42 can have the shape or geometry of selection, to limit effective " spare (backup) ", This can reduce the energy being applied on type cover 48.The reduction of energy can lead to slower effluxvelocity and lesser penetrate. Powder charge box 42 can be formed by steel, aluminium, zinc, metal alloy, nonmetallic composite, glass etc..The material can be solid or Powdered-metal.Powder charge box 42 can also include being designed to limit the feature penetrated by the formation of a part of jet stream of interruption.
Above-mentioned perforation tool can be used for completing oil-gas mining well.Referring to Fig. 5, show positioned at subsurface formations 102 of interest The well of top constructs and/or oil gas recovery facility 100.Stratum 102 is non-conventional stratum.Facility 100 may include known equipment And structure, such as drilling machine 106 and mining structure 108.Mining structure 108 may include that casing, type cover, concrete and other pit shafts are set It is standby.Work string 110 is suspended in pit shaft 10 from drilling machine 106.Work string 110 may include drilling rod, coil pipe, metal wire, steel wire Or any other known transmission device.Work string 110 may include establish one-way or bi-directional telemetry communication telemetering line or Other signal/power transmission mediums.Telemetry system can have surface controller (for example, power supply) 112, be suitable for by suitable Cable or signal transmssion line transmission telecommunications number.
Perforating gun 140 is shown in the deviation section 142 of pit shaft 10.Deviateing means that a part of pit shaft 10 is non-perpendicular Straight.In some cases, with the deviation of vertical benchmark can it is between 1 degree to 90 degree (level) or bigger between.In embodiment In, deviation can be greater than 30 degree, be greater than 45 degree or greater than 60 degree.As reference, the deviation less than 90 degree will be such that part 142 is directed toward Lower section, and the deviation greater than 90 degree will be such that part 142 points up." direction " refers to the direction that pit shaft 10 drills.
When transmitted, perforating gun 140 forms one or more openings 22, as shown in Figure 2 A.The property on unconventional stratum 102 Be: rock and soil (usually shale type) can not highly penetrate.Therefore, residing in fluid in stratum 102 will not be with Any significant flow velocity flows to opening 22.In order to promote fluid to flow, fracturing operation is carried out in a usual manner;I.e. with specific pressure Fracturing fluid is pumped into opening 22 by work string 110 by power.It is living in perforation because opening 22 does not extend into stratum The permeability on stratum is not adversely affected during dynamic.Therefore, it is more likely to by the pressure that fracturing fluid applies along landing surface Cause crack at the natural weaker position in 102 face.
As non-limiting example, the example for being configured to define the lined-cavity charge of opening of Fig. 2A and 2B is described below Sex work example.As set forth above, it is possible to change at least three aspects of lined-cavity charge to obtain opening 22:(i) constituted cumulative The material of perforating bullet type cover;(ii) explosive mixture of the shape of lined-cavity charge type cover and (iii) lined-cavity charge.
Exemplary lined-cavity charge is configured to form steel pipe and carries out aperture with a thickness of 0.361 inch of mining structure. Concrete with a thickness of 1.5 inches.Type cover usually as shown in Figure 4 A includes following material: aluminium, zinc, molybdenum, copper and magnesium.In type cover The angle on surface 56 is 90 °, and the angle of type cover outer surface 55 is 91 °.Explosive mixture includes RDX.
The size diameter of opening 22 is 0.38 inch, is 1.13 inches to penetrating for stress shale formation.In embodiment, The depth that the technology is designed to make to penetrate stratum is no more than three times of borehole size diameter.In above-mentioned identical Working Examples Conventional perforation bullet have and penetrate the penetrating value on 7 inches or bigger of stratum.
In terms of different, to the method for the complete well in unconventional stratum intersected with deflection pit shaft can be used except perforating gun it Outer completion equipment.It can be used and be configured to form any complete of opening 22 while being formed has not tunnel 11 of long length Well tool.For example, milling tool or side wall boring assemblies can be used for forming opening 22 in mining structure.Illustrative complete well group Part can use electronic or hydraulic motor to provide rotary power for drill bit.Another oil well opening completion tool, which can be used, to be ground Grinding fluid stream.For example, polishing fluid can be supplied to nozzle by high-pressure fluid source.Nozzle can form fluid jet, the fluid jet The material for constituting wellbore tubular is corroded to form opening 22.
For purposes of illustration and explanation, the description of front is directed to the specific embodiment of the disclosure.However, for this field It is obvious to the skilled person that without departing from the scope of the disclosure, many can be carried out to above-described embodiment and repaired Change and changes.Accordingly, it is intended to be construed to following following claims comprising all such modifications and variations.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of method for having carried out well to unconventional subsurface formations, which comprises
Completion tool is located in the wellbore section intersected with the unconventional stratum by ﹣, wherein the pit shaft deviates vertical base Quasi- face;
Around ﹣ forms at least one opening by the actuating completion tool in mining structure, is not penetrated into substantially simultaneously In stratum;With
﹣ passes through at least one opening by pumping fracturing fluid come unconventional stratum described in pressure break.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the deviation with the vertical datum level is at least 30 degree.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the deviation with the vertical datum level is at least 60 degree.
4. method described in ﹣ 3 according to claim 1, wherein the permeability on the unconventional stratum is less than 10 millidarcies.
5. method described in ﹣ 3 according to claim 1, wherein the unconventional stratum has between 1 millimicro darcy (nD) and 1 milli Permeability between darcy (mD).
6. method described in ﹣ 5 according to claim 1, wherein the mining structure includes the cement sheath of steel pipe and surrounding.
7. method described in ﹣ 6 according to claim 1, wherein the completion tool is perforation tool, and the perforation tool includes At least one lined-cavity charge.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein, at least one described lined-cavity charge includes powder charge box, is arranged in institute State the explosive substance inside the type cover and the filling powder charge box in powder charge box, wherein the type cover has concave surface And outer concave surface, and wherein, it limits the angle of the concave surface and the angle for limiting the outer concave surface differs 1 to 10 degree Between.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein, limiting the angle of the concave surface and limiting the outer concave surface Between 1 to 10 degree of angle difference.
10. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein, limiting the angle of the concave surface than limiting the outer concave surface Angle small one to two degrees.
11. the method that a kind of pair of hydrocarbon containing formation has carried out well, which comprises
Perforation tool is located in the wellbore section intersected with the hydrocarbon containing formation by ﹣, wherein the hydrocarbon containing formation is at least by page Rock forms and has the permeability between 1 millimicro darcy (nD) and 1 millidarcy (mD), and wherein, the pit shaft is inclined From at least 60 degree of vertical datum level;
﹣ forms at least one opening by emitting the perforation tool in mining structure, is not penetrated into week substantially simultaneously In exclosure layer, wherein the perforation tool includes at least one lined-cavity charge, wherein at least one described lined-cavity charge Including the explosive substance inside powder charge box, the type cover being arranged in the powder charge box and the filling powder charge box, wherein The type cover has concave surface and outer concave surface, and wherein, and the angle for limiting the concave surface, which is less than, to be limited outside described The angle of concave surface;With
﹣ passes through at least one opening by pumping fracturing fluid come hydrocarbon containing formation described in pressure break.
CN201880014436.2A 2017-06-12 2018-06-12 Limited for field use penetrates perforating methods Pending CN110352286A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US201762518321P 2017-06-12 2017-06-12
US62/518,321 2017-06-12
PCT/US2018/037132 WO2018231847A1 (en) 2017-06-12 2018-06-12 Limited penetration perforating methods for oilfield applications

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CN (1) CN110352286A (en)
AU (1) AU2018282890B2 (en)
CA (1) CA3051893C (en)
MX (1) MX2019009069A (en)
WO (1) WO2018231847A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11499401B2 (en) 2021-02-04 2022-11-15 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Perforating gun assembly with performance optimized shaped charge load
WO2022167297A1 (en) 2021-02-04 2022-08-11 DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH Perforating gun assembly with performance optimized shaped charge load

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WO2014091004A1 (en) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-19 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge and method of modifying a shaped charge

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US20030037692A1 (en) * 2001-08-08 2003-02-27 Liqing Liu Use of aluminum in perforating and stimulating a subterranean formation and other engineering applications
CN201502368U (en) * 2009-09-26 2010-06-09 吉林市双林射孔器材有限责任公司 Metal powder liner perforating charge
WO2014091004A1 (en) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-19 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge and method of modifying a shaped charge

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CA3051893C (en) 2022-02-01
AU2018282890B2 (en) 2020-08-27
WO2018231847A1 (en) 2018-12-20
MX2019009069A (en) 2019-09-16
AU2018282890A1 (en) 2019-08-08
EP3559404A1 (en) 2019-10-30
CA3051893A1 (en) 2018-12-20

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Application publication date: 20191018