CN106238837B - The spark discharge processing method and its equipment of free electrode - Google Patents
The spark discharge processing method and its equipment of free electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN106238837B CN106238837B CN201610801411.XA CN201610801411A CN106238837B CN 106238837 B CN106238837 B CN 106238837B CN 201610801411 A CN201610801411 A CN 201610801411A CN 106238837 B CN106238837 B CN 106238837B
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of spark discharge processing method of free electrode and its equipment, workpiece and tool-electrode are connected with the positive and negative polarities of the pulse power respectively, free electrode is in tool-electrode apparent motion, in edm process, workpiece, tool-electrode and free electrode are immersed in dielectric, free electrode is given to enter electricity using tool-electrode, the free electrode of motion produces spark discharge with workpiece to be processed, and then remove the material of workpiece surface, most the shape of tool-electrode is replicated on workpiece at last, realizes the processing of part.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The loss of tool-electrode is effectively avoided, so as to which the manufacturing cost of tool-electrode and time be greatly decreased, is particularly suitable for the processing to some complex shape parts.Simultaneously as free electrode is in motion process all the time, interpolar discharge state is can effectively improve, reduces abnormal discharge, improves processing efficiency and crudy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spark discharge processing method of free electrode and its equipment.
Background technology
Electrical discharge machining is the electric spark for making between workpiece and tool-electrode constantly to produce pulse feature, local during by electric discharge,
High temperature caused by instantaneous gets off the excess stock ablation on workpiece, so as to realize the processing to part.But in process
In, not only workpiece material can be removed, and tool-electrode can also produce corresponding loss.
Because the making of tool-electrode is complex, particularly some include complex-curved tool-electrode, make to increase it
With number, and improve crudy.A large amount of scholar have carried out substantial amounts of research in terms of the loss of tool-electrode is reduced both at home and abroad,
And some methods for reducing tool electrode loss are proposed, mainly utilize several effects present in edm process：
1, polar effect：For different processing requests, it is determined that suitably processing electrical parameter, according to polar effect, workpiece and work are selected
Have the polarity of electrode, the relative loss factor of tool-electrode can be effectively reduced using the method；2, adsorption effect：With the carbon of kerosene etc
When hydrogen compound is working media, tool-electrode connects the positive pole of the pulse power, and workpiece connects negative pole, utilizes hydrocarbonization in discharge process
A large amount of electrically charged carbon paste grains (general negatively charged) are adsorbed in the presence of electric field in positive electrode surface caused by compound thermal cracking,
So as to protect tool-electrode, the method can also reduce the loss of electrode to a certain extent；3, heattransfer effect：Electrical discharge machining
Essence is to remove material using the energy of high temperature, by the Tool-electrode material and optimization processing electricity ginseng that select good heat conductivity
Number, makes to act on the energy on workpiece and more concentrates, while the energy on instrument is quickly spread, and can also realize reduction instrument electricity
The purpose of pole loss, but when workpiece is identical with Tool-electrode material, or workpiece material heat-conducting effect is more preferable, the method base
Originally do not work；4, area effect：In processing conditions under the same conditions, working (finishing) area increases, and adds chip removal and cooling is difficult
Degree, improves the probability of abnormal discharge, thus adds the relative loss factor of tool-electrode, by using the side of bundling electrode
Formula, working (finishing) area is reduced, can effectively reduce loss.
From the foregoing, although substantial amounts of scholar proposes many beneficial sides in terms of tool-electrode relative loss factor is reduced
Method, good effect is achieved, but can not be from the loss that tool-electrode is more avoided on this.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：In process, not only workpiece material can be removed, and tool-electrode also can
Corresponding loss is produced, so that tool-electrode can not be reused.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of spark discharge processing side of free electrode
Method, workpiece and tool-electrode are connected with the positive and negative polarities of the pulse power respectively, and shape is identical, the free electrode of size uniform is in work
Have electrode surface motion, in edm process, workpiece, tool-electrode and free electrode are immersed in dielectric,
Free electrode is given to enter electricity using tool-electrode, the free electrode of motion produces spark discharge with workpiece to be processed, and then
The material of workpiece surface is removed, most the shape of tool-electrode is replicated on workpiece at last, realizes the processing of part.
For a kind of spark discharge process equipment for the free electrode for realizing above-mentioned processing method, including working media
Groove, workpiece, the pulse power and tool-electrode, workpiece and tool-electrode are connected with the positive and negative polarities of the pulse power respectively, and dissociate electricity
Pole shape is identical, size uniform, and tool-electrode is located at the lower section of workpiece, dissociate electrode magnetic control means electromagnetic force driving under
The surface of tool-electrode moves back and forth；Or the surface of tool-electrode has gradient, the electrode that dissociates utilizes the table of tool-electrode
The gradient in face is moved to after low spot by high point on the surface for acting on tool-electrode of self gravitation and reclaims dress by free electrode
Receipts are put back into, the free electrode of recovery is delivered to the high point on the surface of tool-electrode by free electrode retracting device again, makes instrument
Constantly there is free electrode on the surface of electrode in movement.
Further limit, the electrode retracting device that dissociates is the free electrode retracting device of conveyer belt type, the free electricity of conveyer belt type
By conveyer belt and accordingly, the free electrode of recovery will be delivered to instrument again to pole retracting device by free electrode guide rail
The high point on the surface of electrode, there is the scraper plate for promoting free electrode movement on conveyer belt.
Further limit, the electrode retracting device that dissociates includes circulating slot, recovery guide rail, conveyer belt, conveying guided way
Road and working media circulating pump, circulating slot is located at the outside of working media groove, and relative working media groove is in low level, and recovery is led
To orbit connection working media groove and circulating slot, the free electrode for falling tool-electrode is imported into circulating slot, conveys guide rail
Circulating slot and working media groove are connected, guide rail is conveyed and conveyer belt is equipped with, has on conveyer belt and promotes free electrode
Mobile scraper plate, conveyer belt provides the power for promoting free electrode to be moved from circulating slot to working media groove, and conveys guided way
Road is oriented to the motion track for the electrode that dissociates, and free electrode is directed to the high point on the surface of tool-electrode, working media
The working media for flowing into circulating slot is returned to working media groove by circulating pump by pipeline.
Further limit, free electrode is shaped as spheroid, cube.
Further limit, the volume for the electrode that dissociates is 1 × 10-3~1 × 106mm3。
Further limit, the dimensional discrepancy of free electrode is less than 0.1mm.
Further limit, movement velocity of the electrode on tool-electrode surface of dissociating is 0.01~10m/s.
Further limit, workpiece and tool-electrode have the surface of tool-electrode and tilted by way of being obliquely installed
Degree.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, electric discharge is produced by the free electrode and workpiece of tool-electrode apparent motion, the shape of tool-electrode is replicated in
On workpiece, the processing of part is realized.In the process, tool-electrode is not involved in discharging, thus will not produce loss, repeats
Utilize, can effectively reduce the cost of electrical discharge machining, the processing especially suitable for complex profile.
2nd, because free electrode is kept in motion all the time, and movement velocity is controllable, can greatly improve the electric discharge shape of interpolar
State, improve the discharge condition of product, reduce the probability of happening of abnormal discharge, and then improve processing efficiency, improve crudy.
3rd, under conditions of clamping again is not required to, free electrode can be constantly updated, so as to improve machining accuracy.
4th, in process, dissociate electrode energy self-recision, makes its size more uniform, so as to improve machining accuracy.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples；
Fig. 1 is the free electrode electrical discharge machining schematic diagram of magnetic control cube of the present invention；
The spherical free electrode electrical discharge machining schematic diagram of magnetic control of Fig. 2 present invention；
The spherical free electrode electrical discharge machining schematic diagram of weight-driven of Fig. 3 present invention；
In figure, 1. workpiece, 2. tool-electrodes, 3. pulse powers, 4. free electrodes, 5. magnetic control means, 6-1. circulating slots, 6-
2. guide rail is reclaimed, 6-3. conveyer belts, 6-4. conveying guide rails, 6-5. working media circulating pumps, 7. working media grooves, 8.
Detect servo-drive system, 9. feed arrangements.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of spark discharge processing method of free electrode, workpiece 1 and tool-electrode 2 respectively with the pulse power 3 just
Negative the two poles of the earth connection, shape is identical, the free electrode 4 of size uniform in the apparent motion of tool-electrode 2, in edm process
In, workpiece 1, tool-electrode 2 and free electrode 4 are immersed in dielectric, give free electrode 4 to enter electricity using tool-electrode 2,
The free electrode 4 of motion produces spark discharge with workpiece 1 to be processed, and then removes the material on the surface of workpiece 1, most at last
The shape of tool-electrode 2 is replicated on workpiece 1, realizes the processing of part.
As shown in figure 1, the spark discharge process equipment of the free electrode of this method is realized, including working media groove, work
Part 1, the pulse power 3 and tool-electrode 2, workpiece 1 connect the negative pole of the pulse power 3, and tool-electrode 2 connects the positive pole of the pulse power 3, trip
, size uniform identical from the shape of electrode 4, tool-electrode 2 are located at the lower section of workpiece 1, and dissociate electromagnetism of the electrode 4 in magnetic control means 5
Moved back and forth under power driving on the surface of tool-electrode 2.
The material category of the free electrode 4 of workpiece 1, tool-electrode 2 and cubic shaped is respectively stainless steel, brass and 45
Number steel, the volume for the electrode 4 that dissociates is 1 × 10-3~1 × 106mm3, the dimensional discrepancy of free electrode 4 is less than 0.1mm, preferably free
Electrode 4 is shaped as cube, and the length of side of the free electrode 4 of cubic shaped is 1cm.Working media is that electrical discharge machining is special
Oil, open-circuit voltage 160V, peak point current 30A, the μ s of pulsewidth 50,20 μ s between arteries and veins, the magnetic control means 5 of the present embodiment are arranged on instrument
The bottom of electrode 2, by shifting magnetic field caused by magnetic control means 5, drive free electrode 4 all around to move back and forth, make to dissociate
Electrode 4 can move in the whole surface of tool-electrode 2, and movement velocity is 0.01~10m/s, preferably 0.1m/s.Put by electric spark
The detection servo-drive system 8 of electromachining equipment control feed arrangement 9 drive workpiece 1 close to tool-electrode 2 and carry out clearance inspection with
Ensure that whole system of processing is smoothed out.After machining, discovering tool electrode 2 is lossless, and in process almost not
It was found that abnormal discharge phenomenon.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Fig. 2 workpiece 1 is placed in the top of tool-electrode 2, workpiece 1 connects the negative pole of the pulse power 3, tool-electrode 2
Connect positive pole.The material category of the free electrode 4 of workpiece 1, tool-electrode 2 and spheroid form is respectively stainless steel, brass and No. 45
Steel, the radius of the free electrode 4 of spheroid form is 2cm.Working media is electrical discharge machining special oil, open-circuit voltage 120V,
Peak point current 25A, the μ s of pulsewidth 80,40 μ s between arteries and veins, by shifting magnetic field caused by magnetic control means 5, drive left before and after free electrode 4
Right reciprocating motion, free electrode 4 is set to be moved in the whole surface of tool-electrode 2, movement velocity 0.05m/s.Pass through electric spark
The detection servo-drive system 8 of electro erosion plant controls feed arrangement 9 to drive workpiece 1 close to tool-electrode 2 and to carry out clearance inspection
To ensure that whole system of processing is smoothed out.After machining, discovering tool electrode 2 is lossless, and in process almost
Abnormal discharge phenomenon is not found.
Embodiment 3
A kind of spark discharge process equipment of free electrode, including working media groove, workpiece 1, the pulse power 3 and instrument
Electrode 2, the positive and negative polarities of workpiece 1 and tool-electrode 2 respectively with the pulse power 3 are connected, and dissociating, the shape of electrode 4 is identical, size is equal
Even, tool-electrode 2 is located at the lower section of workpiece 1, and the surface of tool-electrode 2 has gradient, and the electrode 4 that dissociates utilizes tool-electrode 2
The gradient on surface be moved to by high point on the surface for acting on tool-electrode 2 of self gravitation after low spot and returned by free electrode
Receiving apparatus reclaims, and the free electrode 4 of recovery is delivered to the high point on the surface of tool-electrode 2 by free electrode retracting device again,
Make the surface of tool-electrode 2 constantly have free electrode 4 in movement.
Free electrode retracting device is the free electrode retracting device of conveyer belt type, and the free electrode retracting device of conveyer belt type leads to
Cross conveyer belt and the free electrode 4 of recovery will be delivered to the surface of tool-electrode 2 again by corresponding free electrode guide rail
High point, there is on conveyer belt the scraper plate for promoting free electrode 4 to move.
Embodiment 4
Compared with embodiment 3, the electrode retracting device that dissociates includes circulating slot 6-1, recovery guide rail 6-2, conveyer belt 6-
3rd, convey guide rail 6-4 and working media circulating pump 6-5, circulating slot 6-1 are located at the outside of working media groove 7, and relative work
Make media slot 7 and be in low level, recovery guide rail 6-2 connection working medias groove 7 and circulating slot 6-1, tool-electrode 2 will be fallen
Free electrode 4 imports circulating slot 6-1, conveying guide rail 6-4 connection circulating slot 6-1 and working media groove 7, conveys guide rail
6-4 and conveyer belt 6-3 are equipped with, and have the scraper plate for promoting free electrode 4 to move on conveyer belt 6-3, and conveyer belt 6-3 is provided and pushed away
The power that dynamic free electrode 4 moves from circulating slot 6-1 to working media groove 7, and guide rail 6-4 is conveyed to the electrode 4 that dissociates
Motion track is oriented to, and free electrode 4 is directed to the high point on the surface of tool-electrode 2, and working media circulating pump 6-5 passes through
The working media for flowing into circulating slot 6-1 is returned to working media groove 7 by pipeline.
As shown in figure 3, workpiece 1 and tool-electrode 2 are all obliquely installed 300, to ensure that free electrode 4 can move to from eminence
Lower.Workpiece 1 connects the negative pole of the pulse power 3, and tool-electrode 2 connects positive pole.The free electricity of workpiece 1, tool-electrode 2 and spheroid form
The material category of pole 4 is respectively stainless steel, brass and red copper, and the radius of the free electrode 4 of spheroid form is 3cm, working media
For electrical discharge machining special oil, open-circuit voltage 120V, peak point current 25A, the μ s of pulsewidth 80,40 μ s between arteries and veins.In process,
Free electrode 4 in circulating slot 6-1 is transported to the eminence of tool-electrode 2 again using the conveyer belt 6-3 with scraper plate, utilized
The gravity and conveyer belt 6-3 of free electrode 4 itself realize that free electrode 4 circulates, and the movement velocity of free electrode 4 is about
0.2m/s, while realize using working media circulating pump 6-5 the circulation of working media.Pass through spark discharge process equipment
Detection servo-drive system 8 controls feed arrangement 9 to drive workpiece 1 to be checked to ensure that whole processing close to the gap in the ranks of going forward side by side of tool-electrode 2
System is smoothed out.After machining, discovering tool electrode 2 is lossless, and does not almost find improper put in process
Electrical phenomena.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of spark discharge processing method of free electrode, it is characterized in that：Workpiece (1) and tool-electrode (2) respectively with arteries and veins
Rush the positive and negative polarities connection of power supply (3), shape is identical, the free electrode of size uniform (4) in tool-electrode (2) apparent motion,
In edm process, workpiece (1), tool-electrode (2) and free electrode (4) are immersed in dielectric, utilize work
Tool electrode (2) gives free electrode (4) to enter electricity, and the free electrode (4) of motion produces electric spark with workpiece (1) to be processed and put
Electricity, and then the material on workpiece (1) surface is removed, most the shape of tool-electrode (2) is replicated on workpiece (1) at last, realizes part
Processing.
2. a kind of spark discharge process equipment of free electrode, it is characterized in that：Including working media groove, workpiece (1), pulse electricity
Source (3) and tool-electrode (2), the positive and negative polarities of workpiece (1) and tool-electrode (2) respectively with the pulse power (3) are connected, and dissociate electricity
Pole (4) shape is identical, size uniform, and tool-electrode (2) is located at the lower section of workpiece (1),
Free electrode (4) moves back and forth under the electromagnetic force driving of magnetic control means (5) on the surface of tool-electrode (2)；
Or the surface of tool-electrode (2) has gradient, gradient of the electrode (4) using the surface of tool-electrode (2) of dissociating
Reclaimed after being moved to low spot by high point on the surface for acting on tool-electrode (2) of self gravitation by free electrode retracting device,
The free electrode (4) of recovery is delivered to the high point on the surface of tool-electrode (2) by free electrode retracting device again, makes instrument electric
Constantly there is free electrode (4) on the surface of pole (2) in movement.
3. the spark discharge process equipment of free electrode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Described free electrode
Retracting device is the free electrode retracting device of conveyer belt type, and the free electrode retracting device of conveyer belt type is by conveyer belt and accordingly
The free electrode (4) of recovery is delivered to the high point on the surface of tool-electrode (2) by free electrode guide rail again, on conveyer belt
With the scraper plate for promoting free electrode (4) movement.
4. the spark discharge process equipment of free electrode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Described free electrode
Retracting device includes circulating slot (6-1), recovery guide rail (6-2), conveyer belt (6-3), conveying guide rail (6-4) and work
Medium circulation pump (6-5), circulating slot (6-1) is located at the outside of working media groove (7), and relative working media groove (7) is in low
Position, recovery guide rail (6-2) connection working media groove (7) and circulating slot (6-1), will fall the free electricity of tool-electrode (2)
Pole (4) imports circulating slot (6-1), conveying guide rail (6-4) connection circulating slot (6-1) and working media groove (7), and conveying is oriented to
Track (6-4) and conveyer belt (6-3) are equipped with, and have the scraper plate for promoting free electrode (4) mobile on conveyer belt (6-3), defeated
Send band (6-3) to provide and promote free electrode (4) from circulating slot (6-1) to the mobile power of working media groove (7), and convey and be oriented to
Track (6-4) is oriented to the motion track for the electrode (4) that dissociates, and free electrode (4) is directed to the surface of tool-electrode (2)
High point, working media circulating pump (6-5) by pipeline will flow into circulating slot (6-1) working media return working media groove
(7)。
5. the spark discharge process equipment of free electrode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Described free electrode
(4) be shaped as spheroid, cube.
6. the spark discharge process equipment of free electrode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Described free electrode
(4) volume is 1 × 10-3~1 × 106mm3。
7. the spark discharge process equipment of free electrode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Described free electrode
(4) dimensional discrepancy is less than 0.1mm.
8. the spark discharge process equipment of free electrode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Described free electrode
(4) movement velocity on tool-electrode (2) surface is 0.01~10m/s.
9. the spark discharge process equipment of free electrode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Described workpiece (1)
With tool-electrode (2) by way of being obliquely installed, make the surface of tool-electrode (2) there is gradient.
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| CN111230237B (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-01-12 | 长春理工大学 | Device and method for electric spark machining of large depth-diameter ratio array micropores of flexible corrugated structural member |
| CN112496480B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-12-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | Free insulating particle assisted electrolytic wire cutting machining device and method |
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| CN103878456A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-06-25 | 山东大学 | Non-loss electrode used for electro-sparking |
| CN203778908U (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-08-20 | 山东大学 | Lossless electrode for electric spark machining |
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| JP3289575B2 (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 2002-06-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Electric discharge machine and method |
| JP2005153044A (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-16 | Honjo Yuri Sangyo Kagaku Gijutsu Shinko Zaidan | Electric discharge machining method by insulation-coated electrode using powder mixed machining liquid and its device |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202344070U (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-07-25 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Micro electrospark fork type electrode device for micro target |
| CN103878456A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-06-25 | 山东大学 | Non-loss electrode used for electro-sparking |
| CN203778908U (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-08-20 | 山东大学 | Lossless electrode for electric spark machining |
| CN104646774A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-05-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electrode loss real-time compensation method based on spark discharge rate |
| CN104551274A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-04-29 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of novel electric spark working solution |
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