CN109865760B - Electromagnetic forming device and method based on modular magnetic collector - Google Patents

Electromagnetic forming device and method based on modular magnetic collector Download PDF

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CN109865760B
CN109865760B CN201811566718.1A CN201811566718A CN109865760B CN 109865760 B CN109865760 B CN 109865760B CN 201811566718 A CN201811566718 A CN 201811566718A CN 109865760 B CN109865760 B CN 109865760B
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workpiece
forming
magnetic
coil
electromagnetic
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CN109865760A (en
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李亮
赖智鹏
刘宁
韩小涛
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic forming device and method based on a modularized magnetic collector. The workpiece and the die are placed adjacently, the modularized magnetic collector and the workpiece are placed adjacently, the electromagnetic coil and the modularized magnetic collector are placed adjacently, and the power supply is connected with the forming coil through a cable. When the power switch is closed, the forming coil passes through pulse current to generate a pulse magnetic field around, and the pulse magnetic field concentrates the electromagnetic force in a target forming area through the magnetism collecting effect of the modularized magnetism collector to realize expected deformation behavior; aiming at different forming requirements, different magnetism collecting effects are realized through flexible combination of a plurality of magnetism collector modules. According to the invention, through the modularized working mode of the magnetic collector, the effective control on the electromagnetic forming force field is realized, the flexibility of force field regulation and control can be improved, the cost of equipment is reduced, various rich forming requirements can be met through a single set of equipment, and the flexibility of the process is remarkably expanded.

Description

Electromagnetic forming device and method based on modular magnetic collector
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal forming and manufacturing, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic forming device and method based on a modular magnetic collector.
Background
Globalization of energy crisis makes light alloy materials such as aluminum alloy widely used in various industrial fields. However, the light alloy material has low forming plasticity at room temperature, and the processing effect by adopting the traditional processing technology is not ideal. The electromagnetic forming technology can greatly improve the metal forming performance due to factors such as high forming speed and the like, and is an important method for realizing the processing of light materials such as aluminum alloy and the like.
Currently, the development of electromagnetic forming techniques is severely limited by the forming flexibility of the equipment. Although theoretically, the electromagnetic force with any distribution can be realized by changing the geometric structure of the coil, in practical application, the formed coil is extremely easy to damage due to the huge electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical loads, and the design of the coil structure is often limited. This causes conflicts and contradictions between coil flexibility and coil life, and based on the technology at the present stage, the cost of the forming method for adjusting the force field distribution only by the coil structure is still high, and the difficulty is still high.
The magnetic collector is an important device for assisting a forming coil to adjust the distribution of a force field in electromagnetic forming, and is applied to forming of plate-tube parts. The magnetic collector is usually processed by a good conductor, and in practical use, the magnetic collector is usually placed between a workpiece and a forming coil, and the magnetic field space distribution is adjusted by the shielding effect of the conductor on a pulse magnetic field, so that the force field distribution is adjusted. Although the introduction of the magnetic collector effectively reduces the difficulty of the design of the coil structure and improves the forming flexibility of the process, the defects of the existing magnetic collector are also obvious. The magnetic collectors are usually formed by machining a block-shaped good conductor (such as copper), and for forming large-size parts, the magnetic collectors require a large amount of raw conductor materials, and the material cost and the machining cost are high. Furthermore, the distribution of the force field which can be realized by the existing magnetic collectors is determined by the geometrical configuration of the magnetic collectors, and for a specific magnetic collector, the distribution of the force field which can be realized by the magnetic collector is fixed, and the force fields distributed in various times cannot be realized by a single magnetic collector; this makes the flexibility and versatility of the magnetic collector very limited. The higher cost, limited flexibility and versatility limits the wider application of concentrators.
The two existing technical bottlenecks indicate that in order to expand the application of electromagnetic forming, an electromagnetic forming device and a process method with higher flexibility and lower cost are urgently needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that the cost of the forming method of the existing electromagnetic forming device for adjusting the distribution of the force field only through the coil structure is still high, the difficulty is still high, or the force fields distributed in various times cannot be realized through a single magnetic collector, so that the flexibility and the universality of the magnetic collector are very limited.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an electromagnetic forming apparatus based on a modular magnet collector, comprising: a forming coil, a die, a workpiece, and a plurality of modular magnetic collectors;
the forming coil is positioned above the workpiece and used for generating a pulse magnetic field around the forming coil through pulse current discharge;
the modular magnetic collectors are positioned between the forming coil and the workpiece and are used for concentrating electromagnetic force on a region to be formed of the workpiece through a magnetic concentration effect; the plurality of modular concentrators comprises a plurality of concentrators of different geometric dimensions;
the workpiece is positioned above the die, and the area to be formed of the workpiece is deformed to the die under the action of the electromagnetic force; in the process of deforming the workpiece to the die, selecting one or more magnet collector combinations in the plurality of modular magnet collectors according to specific shapes of the workpiece at different deformation stages so as to concentrate electromagnetic force on a region to be formed corresponding to the workpiece through a magnetism collection effect;
the die is used for restraining the formed shape of the workpiece.
Optionally, the forming apparatus further comprises: a power source; the power supply is used for supplying energy to the forming coil so as to drive the forming coil to generate a pulse magnetic field through pulse current discharge.
Alternatively, the forming coil may be formed by a plurality of sets of forming coils, and each set of forming coils may correspond to one power source.
Optionally, single or multiple pulse current discharge forming is selected according to the geometric shape of the workpiece, the number and the geometric size of one or more used magnetic collector combinations are selected according to the geometric shape of the current workpiece during each pulse current discharge, and the selected magnetic collector is optimally combined to realize the regulation and control of the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic force formed each time so as to realize the optimal forming effect.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electromagnetic forming method based on a modular magnetic collector, comprising the following steps;
discharging the shaping coil by a pulsed current to generate a pulsed magnetic field around the shaping coil;
concentrating electromagnetic force on a region to be formed of a workpiece by a magnetic concentration effect of a plurality of modular magnetic collectors located between a forming coil and the workpiece; the plurality of modular concentrators comprises a plurality of concentrators of different geometric dimensions;
acting the workpiece to deform the workpiece to the die by the electromagnetic force applied to the region of the workpiece to be formed; in the process of deforming the workpiece to the die, selecting one or more magnet collector combinations in the plurality of modular magnet collectors according to specific shapes of the workpiece at different deformation stages so as to concentrate electromagnetic force on a region to be formed corresponding to the workpiece through a magnetism collection effect;
and restraining the formed shape of the workpiece through a die.
Optionally, the forming method further comprises: the shaping coil is energized by a power supply to generate a pulsed magnetic field by driving the shaping coil with a pulsed current discharge.
Alternatively, the forming coil may be formed by a plurality of sets of forming coils, and each set of forming coils may correspond to one power source.
Optionally, single or multiple pulse current discharge forming is selected according to the geometric shape of the workpiece, the number and the geometric size of one or more used magnetic collector combinations are selected according to the geometric shape of the current workpiece during each pulse current discharge, and the selected magnetic collector is optimally combined to realize the regulation and control of the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic force formed each time so as to realize the optimal forming effect.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the electromagnetic forming device and method provided by the invention, through innovation of a modularized working mode of the magnetic collector, the flexibility of regulation and control of the pulse electromagnetic force spatial distribution is obviously enhanced, the forming flexibility of the process is improved, meanwhile, the manufacturing difficulty and the processing and maintenance cost of equipment are obviously reduced, and the forming capability of the process is also improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a schematic diagram of an operating principle of a magnetic concentrator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 1(b) is a top view of a concentrator assembly provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 1(c) is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the magnetic concentrator provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention before first discharge forming;
FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention after a first discharge forming;
FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention before second discharge forming;
FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention after a second discharge forming;
FIG. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention before third discharge forming;
FIG. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention after a third discharge forming;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1 is a forming coil, 2 is a workpiece, 3 is a modularized magnetic collector, 4 is a die and 5 is a power supply.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides an electromagnetic forming device and method based on a modularized magnetic collector. Discharging the forming coil through a power supply, generating a pulse large current in the forming coil, and further generating a pulse strong magnetic field in the surrounding space; through the flexible combination of the modularized magnetic collectors, the flexible regulation and control of the magnetic field space distribution are realized, the effective regulation and control of the electromagnetic forming force field distribution are realized, and further the effective and reasonable control of the workpiece deformation behavior is realized. Through carrying out the innovative design of modularization with the magnetism collector, can realize the multiple geometric configuration of magnetism collector through a set of system, and then realize multiple force field distribution form. The forming device has the advantages that multiple forming functions can be met through one set of system, and forming flexibility is obviously provided; meanwhile, the modularized magnetic collector also obviously reduces the use and maintenance cost, and if the magnetic collector is damaged, only part of modules need to be repaired or replaced, and the whole magnetic collector does not need to be maintained like a conventional magnetic collector.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electromagnetic forming apparatus based on a modular magnet collector, including a forming coil, a power supply, a die, a workpiece, a plurality of modular magnet collectors; the workpiece is adjacent to the die, the modularized magnetic collector is adjacent to the workpiece, the forming coil is connected with the magnetic collector, and the power supply is connected with the forming coil through a cable.
Preferably, the geometric structure of the modular magnetic collector can be optimally set and combined according to the geometric shapes of the workpiece and the die, and the parameters of the electrical and mechanical properties of the workpiece and the die; through the flexible configuration of the geometric structure of the modularized magnetic collector, the effective regulation and control of the pulse electromagnetic force spatial distribution are realized, and further the effective regulation and control of the workpiece deformation behavior are realized.
Preferably, the shaping coil is not limited to a single coil, the power supply is not limited to a single power supply system, and the shaping coil and the power supply can be respectively composed of a plurality of sets of shaping coils and power supply systems to realize richer force field regulation.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a modular concentrator-based electromagnetic forming apparatus method, comprising the steps of:
step (1): optimally combining and installing the plurality of modularized magnetic collectors according to the geometric shapes of the workpiece and the die;
step (2): placing said workpiece adjacent said mold;
and (3): placing the modular magnetic collector on the other side of the workpiece, which is opposite to the die;
and (4): placing the forming coil on the other side of the modular magnetic collector on the workpiece;
and (5): connecting the power supply to the forming coil through a cable;
and (6): through the power is right the forming coil discharges, produces huge pulse current, produces the strong magnetic field of pulse the regional induction pulse electromagnetic force of work piece, and simultaneously through modularization magnetic collector effectively regulate and control electromagnetic force spatial distribution, finally realize the forming process of work piece.
Preferably, the forming method can respectively adopt a single or multiple discharge forming process according to the geometric complexity of the workpiece, the number and the geometric size of the used magnetic concentrator basic components are selected according to the geometric shape of the current workpiece during each discharge, the parameter optimization of each forming process is realized through the optimized combination of the magnetic concentrator modules, the global optimization of the forming process is finally realized, and the optimal forming effect is realized.
An electromagnetic forming apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a forming coil 1, a workpiece 2, a modularized magnetic collector 3, a die 4 and a power supply 5. The workpiece 2 is placed adjacent to the die 4, the modularized magnetic collector 3 is placed adjacent to the workpiece 2, the forming coil 1 is placed adjacent to the modularized magnetic collector 3, and the power supply 5 is connected with the forming coil 1 through a cable. The modularized magnetic collector 3 is composed of 3 sets of magnetic collector basic components (3-1, 3-2 and 3-3), and different force field requirements are realized through organic combination of the 3 sets of basic components (3-1, 3-2 and 3-3).
The power supply 5 is used for providing energy for the forming coil 1 and driving the forming coil 1 to generate a pulse magnetic field; the mold 4 is used for defining a target forming shape, and the modularized magnetic collector 3 is used for regulating and controlling the spatial distribution of the pulse magnetic field, so that the control of the spatial distribution of the pulse electromagnetic force of the workpiece 2 is realized.
As shown in fig. 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c), the basic operation principle of the magnetic collector for electromagnetic forming of a metal plate is to change the magnetic flux path of a pulse magnetic field generated by a forming coil by inducing eddy current, so as to change the spatial distribution of the pulse magnetic field, and further realize the regulation and control of the electromagnetic force of a workpiece. The geometric structure of the magnetic collector is a key parameter for regulating and controlling the spatial distribution of electromagnetic force.
As shown in fig. 2(a), in the first discharge forming, the workpiece 2 is in an initial state 2-1, which is a flat blank, and the forming thereof requires applying an electromagnetic force to a flat area of the workpiece 2-1 located above the cavity of the die 4. At this time, the magnetic collector assembly 3-1 is used, and a pulsed electromagnetic force is applied to a planar projection area of the workpiece 2-1 located below the magnetic collector assembly 3-1 to drive high-speed deformation thereof, as shown in fig. 2(b), and the workpiece 2 is driven from the state 2-1 to the state 2-2.
As shown in fig. 3(a), in the secondary discharge forming, the workpiece 2 has an initial state of 2-2, having a curved profile, and the forming thereof requires the application of electromagnetic force to the region of the workpiece 2-2 located above the cavity of the die-4. At this time, the magnetic collector assemblies 3-1 and 3-2 are combined, and the pulsed electromagnetic force is applied to the curved projection area of the workpiece 2-2 located below the magnetic collector assemblies 3-1 and 3-2 to drive the workpiece 2 to deform at a high speed, as shown in fig. 3(b), and the workpiece 2 is driven from the state 2-2 to the state 2-3.
As shown in fig. 4(a), in the three-time discharge forming, the workpiece 2 is in an initial state of 2-3, has a curved profile, and has a deeper forming depth than the 2-2 state shown in fig. 1 (c); the shaping requires the application of electromagnetic forces to the region of the workpiece 2-3 located above the cavity of the mould 4. At this time, the magnetic collector assemblies 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 are combined, and the pulsed electromagnetic force is applied to the curved surface projection area of the workpiece 2-3 located below the magnetic collector assemblies 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 to drive the workpiece to deform at a high speed, as shown in fig. 4(b), so that the workpiece 2 is driven from the state 2-3 to the state 2-4, i.e., the die attachment state.
The electromagnetic forming method based on the modularized magnetic collector comprises the following steps:
step (1): optimally combining and installing a plurality of modularized magnetic collectors according to the geometric shapes of the workpiece and the die;
step (2): placing the workpiece adjacent to the mold;
and (3): placing the modularized magnetic collector on the other side of the workpiece, which is opposite to the mold;
and (4): placing a forming coil on the other side of the modular magnetic collector on the workpiece;
and (5): connecting a power supply with the forming coil through a cable;
and (6): the forming coil is discharged through a power supply to generate huge pulse current and a pulse strong magnetic field, pulse electromagnetic force is induced in a workpiece area, and meanwhile, the modularized magnetic collector is used for effectively regulating and controlling the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic force, so that the forming processing of the workpiece is finally realized.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Specifically, the electromagnetic forming method provided by the invention can be used for processing plate parts and pipe parts. The electromagnetic forming device and the method provided by the invention can adopt a single discharge forming process and can also adopt a multi-discharge forming process. The shaping coils and the power supply may be comprised of sets of shaping coils and a power supply system, respectively.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An electromagnetic forming device based on a modular magnetic collector, comprising: a forming coil, a die, a workpiece, and a plurality of modular magnetic collectors;
the forming coil is positioned above the workpiece and used for generating a pulse magnetic field around the forming coil through pulse current discharge;
the modular magnetic collectors are positioned between the forming coil and the workpiece and are used for concentrating electromagnetic force on a region to be formed of the workpiece through a magnetic concentration effect; the plurality of modularized magnetic collectors are a plurality of magnetic collectors with different geometric sizes, and adjacent magnetic collectors are in contact combination;
the workpiece is positioned above the die, and the area to be formed of the workpiece is deformed to the die under the action of the electromagnetic force; in the process of deforming the workpiece to the die, selecting a plurality of magnetic collector combinations according to specific shapes of the workpiece at different deformation stages so as to concentrate electromagnetic force on a region to be formed corresponding to the workpiece through a magnetic collection effect; selecting single or multiple pulse current discharge forming according to the geometric shape of the formed workpiece, selecting the number and the geometric size of a plurality of used magnetic collector combinations according to the geometric shape of the current workpiece when each pulse current discharge, and realizing the regulation and control of the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic force formed each time by optimally combining the selected magnetic collectors so as to realize the optimal forming effect;
the die is used for restraining the formed shape of the workpiece.
2. The modular concentrator-based electromagnetic forming device of claim 1, further comprising: a power source;
the power supply is used for supplying energy to the forming coil so as to drive the forming coil to generate a pulse magnetic field through pulse current discharge.
3. The modular concentrator-based electromagnetic forming device of claim 1, wherein the forming coil is formed by a plurality of forming coils, each forming coil corresponding to a power source.
4. An electromagnetic forming method based on a modularized magnetic collector is characterized by comprising the following steps;
discharging the shaping coil by a pulsed current to generate a pulsed magnetic field around the shaping coil;
concentrating electromagnetic force on a region to be formed of a workpiece by a magnetic concentration effect of a plurality of modular magnetic collectors located between a forming coil and the workpiece; the plurality of modularized magnetic collectors are a plurality of magnetic collectors with different geometric sizes, and adjacent magnetic collectors are in contact combination;
acting the workpiece to deform the workpiece to the die by the electromagnetic force applied to the region of the workpiece to be formed; in the process of deforming the workpiece to the die, selecting a plurality of magnetic collector combinations according to specific shapes of the workpiece at different deformation stages so as to concentrate electromagnetic force on a region to be formed corresponding to the workpiece through a magnetic collection effect; selecting single or multiple pulse current discharge forming according to the geometric shape of the formed workpiece, selecting the number and the geometric size of a plurality of used magnetic collector combinations according to the geometric shape of the current workpiece when each pulse current discharge, and realizing the regulation and control of the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic force formed each time by optimally combining the selected magnetic collectors so as to realize the optimal forming effect;
and restraining the formed shape of the workpiece through a die.
5. The modular concentrator-based electromagnetic forming method of claim 4, further comprising:
the shaping coil is energized by a power supply to generate a pulsed magnetic field by driving the shaping coil with a pulsed current discharge.
6. The modular concentrator-based electromagnetic forming method of claim 4, wherein the forming coil is formed by a plurality of forming coils, and each forming coil corresponds to one power source.
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CN111969387A (en) * 2020-08-13 2020-11-20 中南大学 Electromagnetic forming system and method for wiring terminal
WO2022198768A1 (en) * 2021-03-23 2022-09-29 华中科技大学 Precise forming apparatus and method for miniature metal device

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CN110681759B (en) * 2019-09-29 2021-07-13 中南大学 Universal electromagnetic forming device for plate-tube parts
CN111014419B (en) * 2019-12-23 2021-02-09 华中科技大学 Device for decoupling electric effect in electromagnetic forming process
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WO2022198768A1 (en) * 2021-03-23 2022-09-29 华中科技大学 Precise forming apparatus and method for miniature metal device

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