CN106232310A - 用于混合砂浆和水的基于引流器的混合器 - Google Patents

用于混合砂浆和水的基于引流器的混合器 Download PDF

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CN106232310A
CN106232310A CN201580020441.0A CN201580020441A CN106232310A CN 106232310 A CN106232310 A CN 106232310A CN 201580020441 A CN201580020441 A CN 201580020441A CN 106232310 A CN106232310 A CN 106232310A
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container
flow duct
mortar
slurry
granule
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CN106232310B (zh
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S·S·雷
L·P·斯托克
K·C·那特萨叶
R·E·斯切克
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United States Gypsum Co
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    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C3/00—Apparatus or methods for mixing clay with other substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01F35/71745—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using pneumatic pressure, overpressure, gas or air pressure in a closed receptacle or circuit system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/02—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions without using driven mechanical means effecting the mixing
    • B28C5/06—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions without using driven mechanical means effecting the mixing the mixing being effected by the action of a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/0007—Pretreatment of the ingredients, e.g. by heating, sorting, grading, drying, disintegrating; Preventing generation of dust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
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    • B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
    • B28C7/06—Supplying the solid ingredients, e.g. by means of endless conveyors or jigging conveyors
    • B28C7/067—Supplying the solid ingredients, e.g. by means of endless conveyors or jigging conveyors by means of stationary hoppers, chambers or bins from which the material is fed gravitationally, e.g. having agitating means therein
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
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    • B28C7/12—Supplying or proportioning liquid ingredients
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种混合组件，包括具有入口端(16)和相对的出口(18)的主流动管道(14)、位于入口端(16)处的加压空气源(12)、与流动管道(14)流体连通的砂浆容器(26)以及与出口(18)和容器(26)之间的流动管道(14)流体连通的水源(36)。加压空气将砂浆从容器(26)抽吸到流动管道(14)内，并且还将水抽吸到流动管道(14)内以形成雾化浆料。

Description

用于混合砂浆和水的基于引流器的混合器
相关申请
本申请要求于2014年4月18日提交的US序列No.61/981,324和于2015年3月26日提交的US序列No.14/670,228的35USC 119(e)优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于处理浆料的设备，并且更具体地涉及用于混合比如为砂浆等的颗粒材料与水性浆料的混合器，并且通常与其他组成成分组合。
背景技术
为了在水中混合砂浆，一般采用旋转混合器。用于生成基于石膏的产品比如在墙板生产线中的类型的砂浆混合器的适当的例子在通过引用结合的美国专利No.6,494,609中进行了说明。采用旋转叶轮来混合浆料的这些混合器的尺寸相当大，这使得操作不方便。传统混合器的普遍问题在于，由于混合器内的浆料的速度是不均匀的，因此存在缓慢流动浆料在混合器的外周处过早凝固的趋势。这种过早凝固导致对浆料的所需高速稳定流动的妨碍或干扰，有时导致停止整个生产线以及由此导致收入的重大损失。
在混合时，由于流体动力学条件，剪力并不在整个浆料中相等地分布。此外，混合期间的滞留时间由于生产线的需要较低(～3秒)。在一些例子中，该问题通过向混合器增加销来解决。但是，这不是有效解决方案。由于石膏浆料是剪切变稀流体，在施加更高的剪力时，浆料的粘性减小。控制粘性(μ)、剪切速率(γ)的关系式给出为
μ＝kγn-1 (1)
其中n<1，k是流动稠度指数。根据该公式，高剪切速率的施加可以显著地减小粘性。该关系还示出了通过减低非常高的剪切速率时的有效粘度来使用具有低的水砂浆比的浆料的可能性。
传统砂浆技术的另一个方面在于提供粉末砂浆、石膏或干燥墙板成分的料斗不应在进入混合器前过早接触水。如果这种过早接触发生，则用于将干燥成分传送至浆料的管或通路可能变得堵塞，从而还干扰浆料生产。由此，需要一种用于形成砂浆和/或石膏浆料的改进的浆料混合设备。
发明内容
上述需求通过用于混合砂浆和水的基于当前引流器的混合器满足或超越，该混合器具有替代传统的旋转叶轮技术的少叶片混合器的特征。在当前组件中，提供比如为空气或水的运动流体，其承载砂浆颗粒，并且最后混合在一起以形成石膏浆料。当空气是运动流体时，水被输送至混合器出口的上游以形成石膏浆料。在当前组件中，当空气是运动流体，通过起源于流的湍流特性的加压空气稍微雾化浆料，这促进了流动性并且防止了散逸浆料颗粒的不希望的过早堵塞或凝固。在水是运动流体的实施例中，空气随着干燥砂浆颗粒被引入系统内。在当前系统中，与传统的混合器系统不同，没有运动零件。运动零件的缺乏帮助减小石膏在混合器内部的累积。此外，石膏浆料是剪切变稀流体，引流器便于形成湍流，由当前系统产生的浆料的有效粘度将更低，并且将便于改进浆料混合以及降低需水量。
当前系统的特征包括砂浆与水的改进的混合，砂浆混合器比传统的基于叶轮的砂浆混合器需要更少的维护，并且与传统的砂浆混合系统相比具有减小的需水量。在使用中，当前系统具有在大致6-40％范围内的减小的石膏浆料水:砂浆比。
更具体地，本发明提供一种混合组件，其包括加压空气源；具有入口端和相对的出口的主流动管道，加压空气源位于入口端处；与流动管道流体连通的砂浆容器以及与出口和容器之间的流动管道流体连通的水源。加压空气将砂浆从容器抽吸到流动管道内，并且还将水抽吸到流动管道内以形成雾化浆料。
在另一实施例中，提供砂浆浆料混合系统，其包括加压运动流体源以及利用引流器与加压运动流体源流体连通的干燥颗粒容器，使得干燥颗粒在流体穿过容器时被抽吸到加压流体的流动管道内。出口设置在流动管道的一端处；液体源在位于出口与容器之间的接头处与流动管道连通。
在后者实施例中，运动流体优选为水，空气被供给至系统与干燥颗粒混合。
在仍然另一个实施例中，提供一种利用浆料制造的建筑面板，浆料使用混合组件生产。混合组件包括加压运动流体源以及通过引流器与加压流体源流体连通的干燥颗粒容器。
附图说明
图1是当前混合器系统的第一实施例的侧面示意性视图；以及
图2是当前混合器系统的第二实施例的侧面示意性视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考图1，示意图表示基于当前引流器的混合器系统，一般以10标记。如图示，该系统是基于实验室的，但预期易于利用更大比例部件转换成生产应用。压缩机12向流动管道14提供加压运动流体源，在该例子中为空气，流动管道14具有连接至压缩机12并且与压缩机12流体连通的入口端16和相对的出口18。在本实施例中，流动管道14是适用于承载加压空气、颗粒物质和液体的管或管道，并且可以利用如本领域众所周知的装配在一起的多个部分进行组装。
在压缩机的下游，可调节压力调节器20优选地安装成与流动管道14流体连通，用于将管道中的压力保持在所需值内。在一个实施例中，压缩机12具有20-80psi的输出，调节器20设定在大约60psi。预期调节器20的设定以及压缩机12的输出可以改变以适应其状态。
流量计22可选择地连接至流动管道14并且与流动管道14流体连通，并且流量计22优选地安装在大致竖直的支承面板24或用于正确操作的其他基板上。接着，流动管道14连接至颗粒物质的容器26并且与该容器26流体连通，该容器26比如为填充有干燥砂浆可选择地设置有其他干燥成分的料斗或类似部件，其他干燥成分包括但不限于淀粉、粘土、定形剂、促凝剂、缓凝剂、珍珠岩、纤维素以及墙板配方领域的专业人员所熟知的其他干燥添加剂。这种配方的例子尤其在美国专利No.4,009,062；No.5,922,447；No.8,197,952和No.8,618,445中公开，所有上述专利通过引用结合。
在优选的实施例中，容器26利用引流器配件28连接至流动管道14，引流器配件28构造成接收通过重力从容器供给的干燥颗粒。流动管道14中的加压空气流将颗粒从容器26抽吸或吸取到空气流内。在引流器配件28的下游，相对于引流器具有增大直径的扩散器29降低了加压空气和砂浆颗粒的速度。例如，流动管道在引流器处的内径为大约1/2英寸，在扩散器29处为大约3/4英寸。接着，或在扩散器29的下游，Y形配件或接头30连接至流动管道14并且与流动管道14流体连通。扩散器29的下游的加压空气和颗粒的减小的速度便于在接头30处发生混合。接头30包括与流动管道14成直线的第一腿32。第二腿34限定与第一腿32的锐角α。换句话说，相对于由流动管道14限定的纵向轴线，角度α小于90°。虽然预期具有各种锐角，在优选的实施例中，α为大约40°。
液体供给36，优选地为水，在压力下或经由重力供给通过供给管38提供至第二腿34。虽然容器被描述为用于供给36，预期液体源可以是传统自来水源。适当的控制阀40设置成与供给管38和第二腿34流体连通，用于根据需要控制液体流。重要的是添加到出口18与容器26之间的流动管道14的液体防止液体反向流动以与容器中的颗粒配混物过早混合。这种不希望的混合可能导致T形配件28或流动管道14的凝固和/或堵塞。预期角度α的选择促进液体朝向出口18流动。在出口18处，可选择的柔性管部分42用于引导所形成的加压并且雾化的浆料的流动。预期当前系统10可被用于生产各种粘性或可凝固浆料，包括但不限于用于生成墙板和其他建筑面板的石膏浆料。
在当前系统10中，空气穿过流动管道14，引流器28产生吸力，该吸力吸引来自容器26的砂浆颗粒并且将其结合到加压空气流内，一旦该流达到接头30，空气和砂浆最后与来自管38的水混合以形成雾化浆料，如图1所示。如图所示，系统10安装在比如为平台等的基板44上，但预期根据组件10的比例其他基板也是合适的。
现在参考图2，当前混合系统的第二实施例大致标记为50。与系统10共享的部件以相同的附图标记指示。已经发现在一些情况下，系统10对于由通过水供给管38提供的水流产生的背压是敏感的。这种已经建立的背压导致与水的过早混合以及浆料的凝固，这将引起不希望的堵塞。如本领域已知的，砂浆相对快速凝固，在很多情况下在与水接触的10秒内开始凝固。
实施例10与50之间的主要区别在于后者利用水作为运动流体，替代前者中所采用的空气。水在压力下设置在连接至引流器28的流动管道14中。在本实施例中，引流器28是11/4英寸NPT引流器，但是可以根据应用预期其他尺寸，包括但不限于1/2英寸NPT。
在料斗26中，优选地，比如为旋转螺线形或螺旋混合器的混合器52用于搅动颗粒砂浆，从而引起湍流使得空气与所积聚的颗粒结合。类似于实施例10，当流动管道14中的运动流体穿过引流器28时，形成真空并且颗粒和空气被抽吸到运动流体流内。因此，颗粒砂浆、空气和水在混合室54中混合在一起。与管道14的长度相比混合室54相对较短，并且具有在1-2英寸的大致范围内的长度。在优选的实施例中，混合室54具有1:2的直径:长度比，但是其他比值也是可预期的。更短的混合室54提供用于浆料的快速混合。
已经发现夹带的空气一旦与运动流体流混合，将显著增大混合室54中的剪力，引起颗粒与水的更加均匀的混合。此外，由夹带的空气提供的增大的剪力在不需要另外的水的情况下减小了浆料的粘性。因此，所形成的浆料的水:砂浆比是75:1，没有采用任何分散剂或缓凝剂，其中利用1/2英寸的NPT引流器。该比值相对低于由传统销型混合器形成的浆料，其中水:砂浆比一般在80-100之间。预期对料斗26的改进，特别是在料斗的几何形状突然变窄的较低区域56中的改进，与本领域已知的分散剂和/或缓凝剂的利用相结合，水:砂浆比预期在50的大致范围内减小。
混合室54在出口58处连接有浆料输送管道60，在一个实施例中浆料输送管道60是用于递送至本领域众所周知的墙板制造输送线的柔性管。
将看到的是，当前混合器系统10、50可在共同地称为建筑面板的石膏墙板面板或其他基于石膏的结构面板、板、瓷砖等的生产中用于替换传统的旋转叶轮混合器。这种产品的加工和成分在本领域是众所周知的，代表性专利在之上列出并且通过引用结合到本文中。由通过当前混合器生产的浆料制成的结构面板包括夹持如上所述生产的一定厚度的凝固浆料的上层和下层面纸。当前系统10、50用于产生形成这种产品的主要组分的原始石膏浆料。
虽然在本文中已经描述了用于混合砂浆和水的基于当前引流器的混合器的具体实施例，但是本领域技术人员可以理解的是，可以在本发明的更宽泛的方面以及如以下权利要求所阐述地在不脱离本发明的情况下对本发明作出改变和改进。

Claims (10)

1.一种混合组件，包括：
加压空气源；
干燥颗粒容器，所述干燥颗粒容器与所述加压空气源流体连通，使得所述干燥颗粒在所述空气穿过所述容器时被抽吸到所述加压空气的流动管道内；
位于所述流动管道的一端处的出口；以及
液体源，所述液体源在位于所述出口与所述容器之间的接头处与所述流动管道连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述接头是相对于所述流动管道的纵向轴线限定小于90度的角度的Y形接头连接器，所述流动管道从所述加压空气源延伸至所述出口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述容器通过引流器配件连接至所述流动管道。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述颗粒是砂浆，所述液体是水。
5.一种砂浆浆料混合系统，包括：
主流动管道，所述主流动管道具有入口端和相对的出口；
位于所述入口端处的加压运动流体源；
砂浆容器，所述砂浆容器利用引流器与所述流动管道流体连通；
所述加压运动流体将砂浆从所述容器抽吸到所述流动管道内，以形成浆料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述运动流体是水。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，还包括与所述容器相关的混合器，用于在所述砂浆中引起湍流以使得空气与所述颗粒混合。
8.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述浆料具有大约75的水:砂浆比。
9.根据权利要求6所述的系统，还包括位于所述引流器的下游的混合室，所述混合室具有大约1:2的直径:长度比。
10.一种利用浆料制造的建筑面板，所述浆料使用混合组件生产，所述混合组件包括：
加压运动流体源；以及
干燥颗粒容器，所述干燥颗粒容器通过引流器与所述加压运动流体源流体连通，使得所述干燥颗粒在所述流体穿过所述引流器中的所述容器时被抽吸到所述加压运动流体的流动管道内。
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