CN106232239A - 具有内部液体颗粒分散环的催化裂化喷雾喷嘴 - Google Patents

具有内部液体颗粒分散环的催化裂化喷雾喷嘴 Download PDF

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CN106232239A
CN106232239A CN201480061944.8A CN201480061944A CN106232239A CN 106232239 A CN106232239 A CN 106232239A CN 201480061944 A CN201480061944 A CN 201480061944A CN 106232239 A CN106232239 A CN 106232239A
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spray nozzle
air
liquid
auxiliary
nozzle assemblies
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M.拉克罗伊克
E.A.格博佐依
C.R.桑特纳
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De Xinibu Technology Limited-Liability Co
Spraying Systems Co
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De Xinibu Technology Limited-Liability Co
Spraying Systems Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B05B1/044Slits, i.e. narrow openings defined by two straight and parallel lips; Elongated outlets for producing very wide discharges, e.g. fluid curtains
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • B01J8/1827Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B05B1/046Outlets formed, e.g. cut, in the circumference of tubular or spherical elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/14Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts
    • B05B15/18Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts for improving resistance to wear, e.g. inserts or coatings; for indicating wear; for handling or replacing worn parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0012Apparatus for achieving spraying before discharge from the apparatus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0483Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with gas and liquid jets intersecting in the mixing chamber
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/18Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00893Feeding means for the reactants
    • B01J2208/00902Nozzle-type feeding elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • B05B1/265Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors the liquid or other fluent material being symmetrically deflected about the axis of the nozzle

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

一种气体辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其具有为中空管状构件形式的喷嘴主体,诸如单件圆柱形的管段,它限定了混合区和下游的筒体延伸区。液体入口和撞击销由所述管状构件在混合区以彼此相对的方式支撑,并且加压气体入口设置在管状构件的上游端部处。环形分散环于所述撞击销下游被固定地支撑在管状构件内,所述环形分散环限定环形凸缘以将加压气流和雾化液体的外围部分径向向内引导,以在所述加压气流和雾化液体通过所述筒体延伸区以从喷嘴端头排放时,促进液体和加压气流的持续相互混合。

Description

具有内部液体颗粒分散环的催化裂化喷雾喷嘴
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2013年11月12日提交的申请号为61/902,848的美国临时专利申请的权益,现通过引用将该美国临时专利申请并入本文。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及喷雾喷嘴,且更具体地涉及特别适于将液体进料雾化和喷射到流体化的催化裂化立管反应器的喷雾喷嘴组件。
背景技术
在专利号为5,921,472的美国专利中示出并描述了上述类型的喷雾喷嘴组件,现通过引用将该美国专利的公开内容并入本文。这种喷雾喷嘴组件通常包括限定混合腔室的喷嘴主体,液态烃和压缩气体(诸如蒸汽)被引入到混合腔室内,并且液态烃在混合腔室内被雾化。为了增强在混合腔室内的液体雾化,撞击销延伸到腔室内,并且在混合腔室的中心线上限定与液体入口径向相对的液体撞击表面,加压液体流撞击到该液体撞击表面上并横向分散,以及来自气体入口的加压蒸汽流横跨液体撞击表面被引导以便进一步与液体相互作用以及将液体剪切成细小的液滴。混合腔室内的雾化液体在加压蒸汽的力的作用下被引导通过细长的管状筒体,该管状筒体通常设置在催化反应器立管的壁内,以便从其在立管内的下游端部处的喷嘴端头排放。
这种喷嘴主体限定混合腔室并接收撞击销、液态烃入口和加压蒸汽入口,是喷雾喷嘴组件中相对昂贵的部件。喷嘴主体通常由实心金属原料进行加工。由于喷嘴主体的复杂性,该加工是费力和耗时的,并显著地增加了喷嘴组件的成本。为了有效地操作,进一步要求雾化的液态烃和蒸汽在行进通过喷嘴组件的细长筒体的过程中继续混合而不产生不希望的分层(stratification)。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种液态烃进料喷雾喷嘴组件,其在结构上相对简单,使其可被更显著的经济地制造。
另一个目的是提供具有如上所述特征的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中嘴组件的喷嘴主体具有更简单和更容易组装的设计,并且在通过喷嘴组件的细长筒体行进期间有效地提高了雾化液体烃和蒸汽的持续相互混合。
附图说明
在阅读了以下的详细描述并参照附图之后,本发明的其它目的和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
图1是根据本发明安装在催化裂化反应器的立管壁内的喷雾喷嘴组件的示意图;
图2是图1所示的喷雾喷嘴组件的放大纵向截面视图。
虽然本发明可具有各种变型和替代性的结构,但在附图中示出了并在下文中详细描述了其特定的示例性实施例。然而,应当理解的是,在这里并不旨在将本发明限制到所公开的具体形式。相反,在这里旨在涵盖落入本发明的精神和范围之内的所有变型、替代构造和等同物。在这一点上,虽然所示的喷雾喷嘴组件特别适于在催化裂化系统中雾化和喷射液态烃,但是应当理解的是,喷嘴组件的实用性并不局限于该用途。此外,虽然所示的喷嘴组件被描述为与蒸汽形式的加压气体结合使用,但是也可以使用其它加压空气或气态流体。
具体实施方式
现在更具体的参照附图,示出根据本发明的示例性喷雾喷嘴组件10,其以传统的方式安装在流体化催化反应器的立管的绝缘壁11(以虚线示出)内。喷雾喷嘴组件10被支撑在管状套筒12内,以与垂直方向成一锐角的方式被固定在壁11内,从而将雾化液态烃向上排放到立管内。管状套筒12具有向外延伸的凸缘14,固定到喷雾喷嘴组件10的支撑凸缘15可固定到凸缘14。
如在图2中最好的显示那样,喷雾喷嘴组件10基本上包括:混合区20、与混合区20连通的细长筒体延伸区24和具有一个或多个排放孔口26的喷嘴端头25。混合区20具有液态烃入口21和设置在立管壁11外侧上的加压气体入口(在本实施例中,加压气体入口是蒸汽或气体入口22)。细长筒体延伸区24设置在喷嘴支撑套筒12和立管壁11内且延伸通过喷嘴支撑套筒12和立管壁11。喷嘴端头25设置在立管内以用于排放和引导雾化液体喷雾。
根据本发明,喷雾喷嘴组件具有相对简单的结构,使其可被经济地制造,同时可操作成对催化裂化系统中的液态烃进料进行高效的雾化和引导。为此,在所示的实施例中,混合区20和筒体区24由共用喷嘴主体限定,该喷嘴主体为不间断的细长管状构件30的形式,细长管状构件30大体延伸喷雾喷嘴组件的长度。管状构件30可以是单件的单一长度管件,诸如Schedule 80钢管,其具有约2英寸至8英寸的内径。在这种情况下,管状构件30具有邻近于上游端部的径向相对的开口31,32,以用于分别接收液体入口21和相对的撞击销34。
所示的液体入口21包括入口装配件38,其具有适配在开口31内的直径减小的埋头孔部段39,在这种情况下其形成有向内渐缩的圆锥形侧壁,以便于由适当的环形焊接件将装配件38固定到管状构件30。液体入口装配件38具有用于将装配件38固定到供给管线41的上游安装凸缘40,供给管线41进而耦联到适当的液态烃供给。液体入口装配件38接收内部安装的孔口构件42,孔口构件42限定具有预定直径的液体入口流动通道44,进料液体通过其被引导到混合区20内。所示的孔口构件42和装配件38具有相应的锥形入口部段44,45,以用于引导进料液体进入孔口构件42并通过孔口构件42。
在这种情况下,撞击销34为安装在内螺纹衬套或螺纹支管台(threadolet)50内的螺纹螺栓的形式,其具有邻近于开口32的向内倒角侧的向内倒角的端部51,以用于促进衬套50围绕开口32焊接。在这种情况下,撞击销34具有用于与衬套50可调节地螺纹接合的外螺纹外侧部段54,设置于管状构件30内的向内延伸的圆柱形柱部段55,以及具有向外延伸的凸缘56的头部,该凸缘56用于将柱部段55以与液体入口21相对的方式固定在混合区20内的预定位置。
气体入口22(类似于液体入口21)包括装配件60,其具有安装凸缘61和下游圆柱形部段。安装凸缘61用于固定到耦联到蒸汽供给的供给管线62,而下游圆柱形部段则用于固定到管状构件30的上游轴向端部。蒸汽入口装配件60和管状构件30的端部同样被倒角以便由焊接件64固定。蒸汽入口装配件60包括孔口构件66,其用于限定适于加压蒸汽的具有预定直径的蒸汽入口通道68。蒸汽入口通道68具有上游锥形部段69,其用于将蒸汽引导进入并通过入口通道68。
在本实施例中,撞击销34被设计成通过加压的蒸汽横流来提高液体的破碎和雾化,使得撞击销较不容易受到磨损和冲蚀。为此,销34的撞击表面具有外侧撞击表面70,该外侧撞击表面70以与混合区20的中心轴线径向偏移的方式设置在与液体入口21相对的中心线的一侧上,并具有向内凹入的配置以用于将撞击到撞击表面70上的液体重新引导回到混合区的中心,以加强与从气体入口22的加压蒸汽横流的相互作用。在这种情况下,凹入的撞击表面70具有向内弯曲的球形配置。备选地,撞击表面的向内凹入的凹部可具有圆柱形配置,其中圆柱形表面的轴线优选地横向于管状构件30的中心轴线72设置。在优选的实施例中,撞击表面70从混合区的中心轴线调回距离“d”,该距离“d”在混合腔室半径的1/8和1/3之间(并且最优选为混合区的半径的约1/4)。
因此,在喷雾喷嘴组件10的操作过程中,被引导到混合区20内的液态烃将通过从气体入口22被引导到喷雾喷嘴组件的中心的加压蒸汽横流并接触撞击销34的凹入撞击表面70,其粉碎液体、将液体横向分散、并将液体重新引导回到混合区20的中心,以便进一步提高液体颗粒的粉碎,并在蒸汽的力的作用下被引导进入并通过筒体延伸区24。由于凹入的撞击表面70在径向上移离混合区20的轴线72,因此蒸汽的加压横流提高液体颗粒的粉碎,而较少受到撞击销对于通过混合区并进入筒体区的蒸汽轴向流的阻力。撞击表面70相对于混合区20的中心轴线72的径向偏移间隔进一步将该流在撞击销34端部上的直接冲击以及由此在撞击表面70的冲蚀最小化,其中对撞击表面70的冲蚀可不利地影响喷雾性能并导致需要更换撞击销。
在实施本实施例的另一特征时,为了在雾化液体和蒸汽通过筒体延伸区24到达喷嘴端头25的期间增强雾化液体和蒸汽的持续混合,环形分散环85被固定地设置在混合区20和筒体区24之间。在这种情况下,圆柱形分散环85有效地限定混合区20的下游端部和筒体延伸区24的上游端部。典型地,筒体延伸区24的轴向长度是混合区20的轴向长度的2至10倍。在这种情况下,环形分散环85被定位成与撞击销34中心的下游侧相距轴向距离“l”,该距离“l”小于混合区20的直径,且优选为混合区20的直径的约3/4的距离。
所示的分散环85是金属圆柱形环,其具有以焊接或以其它方式固定在管状构件30内的相对小的径向深度。分散环85具有径向深度“x”,其小于管的内径的1/8,并且优选为该内径的约1/10。已出乎意料地发现,由分散环85所限定的小的环形凸缘或唇缘将会把蒸汽和雾化液滴的轴向流的周边部分向内足够地引导,以促进液滴和蒸汽当其行进筒体区24的长度并从喷嘴端头25排出时的持续混合。然而,该分散环85的小的径向深度“x” 没有不希望地妨碍雾化液体从混合区20向筒体延伸区24流动。
从以上的内容可以看出,本发明提供了一种喷雾喷嘴组件,其在结构上相对简单,使其可经济地被制造。然而,喷雾喷嘴组件可有效地高效地在催化裂化系统中将液态烃雾化和喷射。

Claims (11)

1.一种空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其包括:
喷嘴主体,所述喷嘴主体为中空管状构件的形式,其限定圆柱形混合区和位于所述混合区下游的、轴向长度比所述混合区更长的圆柱形筒体延伸区;
液体入口,所述液体入口由所述管状构件支撑,加压液体流通过所述液体入口被引导到所述混合区;
撞击销,所述撞击销由所述管状构件支撑并延伸到所述混合区内,所述撞击销具有与所述液体入口大体对准的撞击表面,从所述液体入口被引导到所述混合区内的液体流撞击到所述撞击表面并被横向引导;
气体入口,所述气体入口安装在所述管状构件的上游端部,加压气流通过所述气体入口沿着所述混合区的中心轴线被引导到混合腔室内以便雾化撞击到所述撞击表面上的液体,并引导雾化液体通过所述筒体延伸区;
安装在所述管状构件的下游端部处的喷嘴端头,所述喷嘴端头具有排放孔口,雾化液体以预定的喷雾模式通过所述排放孔口排放;以及
环形分散环,所述环形分散环于所述撞击销下游被固定地支撑在管状构件内,所述环形分散环限定环形凸缘以将加压气流和雾化液体的外围部分径向向内引导,以在所述加压气流和雾化液体通过所述筒体延伸区以从喷嘴端头排放时,促进液体和加压气流的持续相互混合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述环形分散环是圆柱形环。
3.根据权利要求2所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述圆柱形环是固定在所述管状构件内的独立部件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述环形分散环位于所述混合区和所述筒体延伸区之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述撞击销被设置在所述气体入口和所述环形分散环之间的中间位置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述环形分散环的径向深度小于混合腔室的内径的1/8。
7.根据权利要求6所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述环形分散环的径向深度为混合腔室的内径的大约1/10。
8.根据权利要求4所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述筒体延伸区的轴向长度是所述混合区的轴向长度的2倍至10倍。
9.根据权利要求1所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述中空管状构件为单件式的钢管段。
10.根据权利要求9所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述中空管状构件形成有第一开口和第二开口;所述第一开口邻近所述中空管状构的上游端,并接收所述液体入口;以及所述第二开口与所述第一开口相对以用于接收所述撞击销。
11.根据权利要求1所述的空气辅助的喷雾喷嘴组件,其中所述气体入口连接到加压蒸汽供给。
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