CN106227973A - Construction method for safety environment of open stope mining method - Google Patents
Construction method for safety environment of open stope mining method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method of a safety environment of an open stope mining method, which specifically comprises the following steps: surveying occurrence states of the goaf, determining pressure relief measures, determining the minimum thickness of a rock (ore) cushion layer area, setting a wave-blocking wall, calculating the thickness of the wave-blocking wall, forcibly inducing caving and hanging wall rock to form a cushion layer to treat the goaf, and monitoring the goaf ground pressure; the construction method of the safety environment of the open stope mining method can timely and correctly eliminate the known potential safety hazard, establishes an effective safety guarantee mechanism and a safety early warning mechanism for subsequent mining, reduces the occurrence probability of potential safety hazard, and masters initiative in the treatment of the potential safety hazard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique field, be specifically related to the method that an openstope method security context builds.
Background technology
China's metalliferous deposit is different due to cause condition, and many employing underground mining modes, mining technology is deposited according to ore bodies
The difference of state, based on open-stope method mining, and occupies larger specific gravity, uses traditional Two step mining pattern, i.e. first mineral building
Rear studding.During mineral building back production, fore-set relies primarily on the steadiness of Ore self and supports；After mineral building back production terminates, in a planned way
Reclaim three posts (including studding, fore-set and polycrystalline substance) resource, and process goaf in time.Use the mine of open-stope method mining,
Will form substantial amounts of goaf, elapse over time, goaf constantly expands, and around stope, primitive stress poised state is subject to
Destroy, thus make stress redistribute, form secondary stress field, when this stress exceedes the rock mass strength limit, arise that top board
The phenomenons such as sinking, heave, prominent, the rock breakaway of lateral wall.The right avalanche of armor petrosal process on large area goaf, can cause the biggest
Shock loading and air blast, destroy mining production, jeopardize down-hole personal safety.
The mine of domestic employing open-stope method mining to the process in goaf mainly by upper dish and balkstone natural caving or
Induction country rock avalanche formal layout dead zone, is passive processing mode, exists adventurous.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to as solving above-mentioned problems of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of openstope method safety collar
The construction method in border.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that the construction method of a kind of openstope method security context, comprises the steps:
Step A: use Exhausted area prospecting instrument detection goaf solid shape, grasp the length in goaf, width and highly determine
The physical location in goaf；
Step B: dig a skylight well making goaf communicate with earth's surface in the top, goaf that step 1 determines and lead to as pressure release
Road；
Step C: reserve rock (Ore) cushion district, the thickness in this rock (Ore) cushion district in the bottom in goaf
More than 15m；
Step D: wave arrestment wall is set in the tunnel bottom goaf；The positive pressure that air-flow according to speed flowing is had is public
Formula, calculates the thickness of wave arrestment wall, chooses the wave arrestment wall form in applicable mine；With speedvThe front that the air-flow of flowing is had
PressureN f For:
In formula:cResistance coefficient, generally 1.1～1.27；
r a Air unit weight, kg/m；
SCalculate pressure area, m2；
gAcceleration of gravity, m/s；
Step E: use rock (Ore) in the cushion filling step C that on goaf caving and induction caving, armor rock is formed
Cushion district；
Step F: carry out ground pressure monitoring by Microseismic monitoring system in engineering construction regional extent, Contents for Monitoring includes that mine is propped up
The stress of watch box, obturator and country rock, displacement, rupture and the sound.
Further, in described step B, skylight well is Fang Jing, and specification is 4.0 × 4.0m.
Further, in described step C, rock (Ore) cushion district uses a barren rock prose style free from parallelism to make bed course.
Further: in described step D, wave arrestment wall is rock wave arrestment wall, described rock wave arrestment wall be arranged on goaf with
Produce exploiting field at a distance of less than in tunnel 20m at, need not ventilation place.
Further, in described step D, wave arrestment wall is concrete wave arrestment wall, when building concrete wave arrestment wall, and wall raggle
Or not raggle, periphery bolt anchorage.
Further, with the method induction caving caving of extension goaf exposed area, avalanche goaf in described step E
Interior all supports, prevent dead zone top plate from putting aside inbreak energy, improve initial inbreak condition；
Further, in described step E, using goaf, itself, as the scope of freedom, uses armor rock in chamber blasting avalanche to make mined out
District's top board is in tensile stress state, whole chamber collection borehole blasting is completed by several times, the most first place-centric portion, explosion goaf
The chamber divided, forms prose style free from parallelism center bed course；The partial high pressure air-flow produced during the upper big inbreak of armor rock is by skylight well in step B
Overflow earth's surface.
The invention have the benefit that the construction method using openstope method security context can the most correctly eliminate
Know potential safety hazard, establish effective Security Assurance Mechanism, safe early warning mechanism for follow-up mining, reduce the generation of potential risk
Probability, has the initiative in hands in the process of potential safety hazard.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the thickness of rock wave arrestment wall chooses figure；
Fig. 2 is that the thickness of concrete wave arrestment wall chooses figure；
Fig. 3 is skylight well construction schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is goaf structural representation.
In figure: 1, goaf；2, roof rock；3, upper armor rock；4, lower wall country rock；5, rock (Ore) cushion；
6, lower structures；7, skylight well；8, impact wave；9, inbreak rock mass.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further details.
Step 1: goaf occurrence status is investigated
Collecting mining data, field geology is surveyed and drawn, and uses Exhausted area prospecting instrument detection goaf solid shape, and in computer graphics
Software achieves, and specifically grasps the key datas such as the length in goaf, width and height, determines the physical location in goaf.
Step 2: determine pressure-relief measure
If it occur that inbreak, the damaging range of impact wave 8 is relevant with or without gas supply source.Inbreak rock mass 9 occupied originally
Space, is necessarily full of by air after inbreak occurs, and inbreak process only changes the globality of rock (inbreak rock mass), and
Do not change the density of rock medium, thus the quality of the air quality in goaf 1 and inbreak rock mass, not because emitting
The phenomenon that falls and change size；And at steady state, the volume of air in goaf is total with the rock volume of inbreak rock mass
With, also not do not increase and decrease because there is inbreak, only because the fragmentation of caving rock and make a part of gas mix inbreak
In rock piton body.Therefore, goaf top plate rock and the cumulative volume of air, it is believed that do not change before and after inbreak.This
Sample, if there is no the gas supply of outside during inbreak, then when blast outwards impacts, internal due to the reduction of gaseous mass
And becoming negative pressure, the scope that blast outwards impacts is the biggest, and internal negative pressure is the highest, and this negative pressure can make the energy that blast impacts
It is difficult to consume, so that the coverage of inbreak constantly expands.If having extraneous gas supply during inbreak and not shape
Become internal negative pressure, then the impact energy of blast is mainly by resistance consumption on the way and the wave absorption of rock (Ore) cushion 5
Effect, the scope of now blast impact and the intensity of harm are more much smaller than the former.
Inbreak rock mass 9 moves down and will drive supplementing of its control area gas, and make-up gas one is straight from Earth Surface Atmosphere
Connecing supply, two is from the compressed gas emitting falling bodies bottom upwards escaped by gap.From the suitable general character analysis of supply path,
The directly supply of Earth Surface Atmosphere is main, so there has been the supply of extraneous gas during inbreak occurs.Therefore, emit
The impact wave 8 produced that falls is owing to when sillar falls causing the induction of air and the impact to ground floor air.Sillar to
In lower motor process, a part of gas flows around sillar, has arrived the top of sillar；A part of gas flow goaf 1 four wall, shape
Become circulation；Another part gas, is gone out by goaf 1 down channel, forms impact wave 8.This three fraction is all at rock
In block dropping process, induction and impinging air cause.First two flowing is favourable to the flow velocity of reduction impact wave, or
Say, due to the flowing of first two air-flow, reduce the speed of impact wave.This kind of model is referred to as " open circuit winding flow model ", as
Shown in Fig. 3.
Because there being supplementing of ambient atmos in " open circuit winding flow model ", emit the gas of falling bodies compression, just like " inflating
Cylinder " inner compressed gas, rush about along UNICOM's mouth, till getting rid of unnecessary volume in outlet.The gas that this inbreak evokes
Wave, the scope involved is wide, and in general, harm is the biggest, so needing to provide a pressure release passage for compressed gas,
Reduce the harm of impact wave 8 to a certain extent.
Dig a skylight well 7 making dead zone communicate with earth's surface on top, goaf 1, this skylight well 7 is as pressure release passage；
Skylight well 7 is Fang Jing, specification preferably 4.0 × 4.0m.
Step 3: determine the minimum thickness in rock (Ore) cushion district
Rock (Ore) cushion district is reserved, to play abatement wind speed and pressure and to absorb the work of impact energy in the bottom in goaf
With；As shown in Figure 4, a preferably barren rock prose style free from parallelism makees cushion to rock (Ore) cushion 5.
The determination of this cushion district minimum thickness mainly use bed course wave absorption theory ease up bed course absorb impact energy reason
Two kinds of computational theories of opinion, two kinds of theories are summarized as follows:
Wave absorption Theoretical Calculation: from wave absorption angle, cushion thickness is carried out Theoretical Calculation, first by rock mass large area inbreak letter
Changing, upper bound is that the motion of roof rock 2 is considered as the piston movement of a full action of gravity, and bottom is to receive by certain section
Contracting is than the leakage lower boundary of change, it is assumed that the air within goaf meets the ideal gas conditions of one-dimensional gas dynamics, so
One-dimensional Lagrange artificial viscosity's difference scheme is established afterwards, then by means of MATLAB according to gas dynamical correlation theory
Software is to this difference scheme Program.
Slow bed course absorbs the Theoretical Calculation of impact energy: from the point of view of bed course absorbs impact energy, in order to prevent goaf 1
Lower structures 6 destroys, and forms certain thickness cushion district 5 bottom goaf 1, plays the effect absorbing impact energy,
In the reality of mine, the inbreak of country rock is unlikely to be the shape of rule, for the ease of calculating, can only carry out the country rock shape of inbreak
Simplification process, inbreak country rock is simplified to a regular cylinder, emit falling bodies fall during, first impinge upon mined out
On district 1 lower wall country rock 4, for ease of calculating, it is assumed that it does not destroys after clashing into, and simply impact energy reduces a part, then clashes into
In the cushion district 5 formed bottom goaf 1, solve bed course minimum thickness.
Calculate rock (Ore) cushion district 5 minimum thickness respectively according to both the above method, comprehensively analyze, take two
Maximum in person, as cushion bed course district 5 minimum thickness value；
Step 4: wave arrestment wall is set and calculates wave arrestment wall thickness
The top country rock in goaf if it occur that large area inbreak suddenly, the air within goaf owing to being compressed,
Will be formed with the high speed compression air-flow of considerable damage effect, a compressed air stream part is walked around the rock of avalanche and be left behind, and one
Part ore deposit rock bed course bottom goaf is excreted in the tunnel bottom goaf, and some can flow into and goaf
Have in the tunnel of direct UNICOM, in order to prevent that equipment in tunnel and personnel are damaged and injured, need to arrange in tunnel
Rock or concrete wave arrestment wall；
Rock wave arrestment wall is that the method for caunching takes tunnel rock and constructs, and is formed in the high velocity air direction of propagation and expands chamber, typically sets
Put dead zone with main produce exploiting field at a distance of less than in tunnel 20m at, need not the place of ventilation；Build concrete wave arrestment wall
Time, wall can be with raggle, it is also possible to not raggle, periphery bolt anchorage；
The thickness of wave arrestment wall, version and length are determined along roadway moving speed by compressed air stream, according to speed stream
The positive pressure formula that dynamic air-flow is had, can calculate the thickness of wave arrestment wall, choose the wave arrestment in a kind of applicable mine simultaneously
Wall form；
With speedvThe positive pressure that the air-flow of flowing is hadN f For:
In formula:cResistance coefficient, generally 1.1～1.27；
r a Air unit weight, kg/m；
SCalculate pressure area, m2；
G acceleration of gravity, m/s；
The thickness that rock wave arrestment wall is piled up is chosen according to Fig. 1；
The thickness of concrete wave arrestment wall determines according to Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is with B10 level concrete as standard, for B20, B30 and B40
The concrete of level, the thickness of wave arrestment wall reduces 20%, 31% and 35% accordingly；
Step 5: force induction caving caving and upper armor rock to form cushion and process goaf
Using armor rock form on positive dead zone caving and induction caving, the cushion forming adequate thickness is filled mined out
District, on the one hand its purpose is to form certain thickness cushion to safeguard deep rock thrust, it is ensured that mining safety；On the other hand stop
The impact to ore removal end mouth of the inbreak blast, absorbs and cuts down shock wave；
The method induction caving caving of available extension dead zone exposed area, according to shape and the ore body condition in goaf, design with
To ore body extension dead zone area, all supports in avalanche goaf centered by goaf, prevent dead zone top plate from putting aside inbreak energy
Amount, improves initial inbreak condition；Using dead zone, itself is as the scope of freedom, uses armor rock in chamber blasting avalanche to make at dead zone top plate
In tensile stress state；Whole chamber collection borehole blasting is completed by several times, the chamber of the most first explosion dead zone place-centric part, shape
Become prose style free from parallelism center bed course, prevent the fragmentary inbreak impact to bottom stope fore-set；The part produced during the upper big inbreak of armor rock is high
Pressure gas stream overflows earth's surface from skylight well, prevents or reduces the air-shock wave threat to underground operators.
Step 6: goaf ground pressure monitoring
In engineering construction regional extent, preferred Microseismic monitoring system carries out ground pressure monitoring, Contents for Monitoring include mine support body,
Obturator and the stress of country rock, displacement, rupture and the sound etc., the South Africa ISS that Microseismic monitoring system is the most more advanced
Microseismic monitoring system, it is simple to goaf stability is carried out dynamic monitoring, sets up data base, timely early warning, it is ensured that Mined-out area disposal
Safety.
Claims (7)
1. the construction method of an openstope method security context, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step A: use Exhausted area prospecting instrument detection goaf solid shape, grasp the length in goaf, width and highly determine
The physical location in goaf；
Step B: dig a skylight well making goaf communicate with earth's surface in the top, goaf that step 1 determines and lead to as pressure release
Road；
Step C: reserve rock (Ore) cushion district, the thickness in this rock (Ore) cushion district in the bottom in goaf
More than 15m；
Step D: wave arrestment wall is set in the tunnel bottom goaf；The positive pressure that air-flow according to speed flowing is had is public
Formula, calculates the thickness of wave arrestment wall, chooses the wave arrestment wall form in applicable mine；With speedvThe front that the air-flow of flowing is had
PressureN f For:
In formula:cResistance coefficient, generally 1.1～1.27；
r a Air unit weight, kg/m；
SCalculate pressure area, m2；
gAcceleration of gravity, m/s；
Step E: use rock in the cushion filling step C that on goaf induction caving caving and induction caving, armor rock is formed
Stone (Ore) cushion district；
Step F: carry out ground pressure monitoring by Microseismic monitoring system in engineering construction regional extent, Contents for Monitoring includes that mine is propped up
The stress of watch box, obturator and country rock, displacement, rupture and the sound.
The construction method of a kind of openstope method security context the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step
In B, skylight well is Fang Jing, and specification is 4.0 × 4.0m.
The construction method of a kind of openstope method security context the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step
In C, rock (Ore) cushion district uses a barren rock prose style free from parallelism to make bed course.
The construction method of a kind of openstope method security context the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step
In D, wave arrestment wall is rock wave arrestment wall, and described rock wave arrestment wall is arranged on goaf and produces exploiting field at a distance of less than the tunnel at 20m
In, need not ventilate place.
The construction method of a kind of openstope method security context the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step
In D, wave arrestment wall is concrete wave arrestment wall, when building concrete wave arrestment wall, and wall raggle or not raggle, periphery bolt anchorage.
The construction method of a kind of openstope method security context the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step
With the method induction caving caving of extension goaf exposed area, all supports in avalanche goaf in E, prevent dead zone top plate
Savings inbreak energy, improves initial inbreak condition.
The construction method of a kind of openstope method security context the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step
In E, using goaf, itself, as the scope of freedom, uses armor rock in chamber blasting avalanche to make goaf top plate be in tensile stress state,
Whole chamber collection borehole blasting is completed by several times, the chamber of the most first explosion goaf place-centric part, form prose style free from parallelism center
Bed course；The partial high pressure air-flow produced during the upper big inbreak of armor rock overflows earth's surface by skylight well in step B.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107862123A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-30 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | A kind of analysis of goaf air movement resistance and computational methods |
| CN114893225A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-12 | 湖南科技大学 | Construction method of small-section roadway tunneling-top-picking expansion brush of super-large chamber |
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| CN102269554A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2011-12-07 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for treating underground mine goaf by forming covering layer by chamber blasting technology |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107862123A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-30 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | A kind of analysis of goaf air movement resistance and computational methods |
| CN114893225A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-12 | 湖南科技大学 | Construction method of small-section roadway tunneling-top-picking expansion brush of super-large chamber |
| CN114893225B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-06-21 | 湖南科技大学 | Construction method for small-section tunnel tunneling-roof-picking and expanding brushing of oversized chamber |
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Inventor after: Zhang Ting Inventor after: Liu Wutuan Inventor after: Zhao Xiaofeng Inventor after: Guan Yurong Inventor after: Zhou Jianqiang Inventor after: Ling Shibin Inventor after: Gao Zhirong Inventor after: Liu Cailin Inventor after: Zhang Rui Inventor before: Liu Wutuan Inventor before: Zhao Xiaofeng Inventor before: Guan Yurong Inventor before: Zhang Ting Inventor before: Zhou Jianqiang Inventor before: Ling Shibin Inventor before: Gao Zhirong Inventor before: Liu Cailin Inventor before: Zhang Rui |
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