CN106225716A - One falls wheel non-roundness measurement apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses one to fall wheel non-roundness measurement apparatus and method, including positioner, end cap, sensor stand, laser displacement sensor；Three alignment pins are set on described positioner to position the center of circle of wheel；Sensor stand is step-like, the longeron parallel including two ends and the vertical crossbeam connecting the two, the end of a longeron fix with positioner be connected, the outer face of another longeron and wheel is close to and end arranges laser displacement sensor；End cap is threaded connection with positioner, and the distance of the laser initial point distance wheel inner face of laser displacement sensor is L₁；The distance of the central axis distance laser initial point of positioner is L₂.Wheel at the uniform velocity rotates a circle under external force drives, and the rolling circle on wheel tread is carried out fitting of a polynomial, so that it is determined that the non-round situation of wheel.The present invention is the most portable, low cost, wheel can carry out in the case of the wheel that falls the measurement of out-of-roundness, the Xuan of wheel is repaiied offer technical basis.

Description

One falls wheel non-roundness measurement apparatus and method

Technical field

The present invention relates to track traffic safety monitoring technology field, particularly one fall wheel non-roundness measurement device And method.

Background technology

One of Railway wheelset building block the most basic as train, most important, carries the weight of whole train and protects Card train in orbit properly functioning, is the emphasis detection object in safety inspection.Train in running, take turns to steel Rail constantly rubs, and the state of wheel tread the most constantly changes, and when wheel-rail contact relationship is bad, causes wheel tread Non-round, thus the normal safe affecting train runs.

At present, detection method for wheel out of round degree is divided into Static Detection and dynamically detection both at home and abroad.Current domestic quiet The state of traveling system is detected by state detection by manual observation, all kinds of artificial slide calliper rule etc., and the method not only labor intensity is big, And it is highly prone to the impact of the factor such as artificial origin, operating condition.Train traveling system dynamically detects and refers to that train is transported at main track Detecting it in real time during row, dynamically detection possesses real-time, accuracy of detection high, but detection difficulty is big, Technology is required higher.According to the installation site of detection device, dynamically detection can be divided into again vehicle-mounted detection and trackside detection two Kind, the most vehicle-mounted detection refers to be installed on the sensor being used for signals collecting vehicle, and trackside detection is on operating line The condition monitoring system of traveling system is installed.Noise measuring method, image detection, acceleration of vibration can be divided into examine according to detection method Survey method, electrical signal detection method.

Patent 1 (city rail vehicle wheel out of round degree based on laser displacement sensor detection device and method, application number: 201310556634.0 the applying date: 2013.11.11) disclose a kind of city rail vehicle wheel based on laser displacement sensor not Circularity detection device and method, the method utilizes multiple laser displacement sensor, and survey setting is protected in the rail in detection region Rail, guard rail is tangent with survey in wheel rim, and sensor is arranged between track and guard rail, and is positioned at below wheel, but the method Cost is high, and needs to reequip track.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple in construction, measure fall easily wheel non-roundness measurement device and Method, thus improve certainty of measurement, provide technical basis to Wheel maintenance.

The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: one falls wheel non-roundness measurement device, including location Device, end cap, sensor stand, laser displacement sensor；Three alignment pins are set on described positioner, these three alignment pins Three position of positioning hole existing with on wheel axle end surface are corresponding to position the center of circle of wheel；Sensor stand is step-like, bag Including the parallel longeron in two ends and the vertical crossbeam connecting the two, the end of one longeron of sensor stand is fixed with positioner The outer face of connection, another longeron and wheel is close to and end arranges laser displacement sensor；End cap passes through with positioner Threaded so that sensor stand can not moving axially along wheel, laser displacement sensor laser initial point distance wheel The distance of inner face is L₁；The distance of the central axis distance laser initial point of described positioner is L₂。

Further, the crossbeam of described sensor stand is telescopically adjustable, enables the wheel of locating surface and different radii Outer face is close to.

Further, laser initial point distance wheel inner face distance L of described laser displacement sensor₁, less than in wheel Distance between end face and outer face.

Further, distance L of the central axis distance laser initial point of described positioner₂More than radius of wheel.

Further, described laser displacement sensor is that the one-dimensional laser displacement of LK-H055 type that Keyemce company produces passes Sensor.

A kind of based on described fall wheel non-roundness measurement device the wheel non-roundness measurement method that falls, including with Lower step:

1st step, with the laser initial point of laser displacement sensor as coordinate origin, with laser beam as y-axis, to be parallel to Wheel is x-axis to centrage, sets up coordinate system xoy；

2nd step, at the uniform velocity rotates a circle wheel, the measurement of laser displacement sensor count as n, measurement frequency is fs；

3rd step, according to the structural parameters of the wheel non-roundness measurement device that falls, that is measured by laser displacement sensor is former Beginning data are converted into the wheel radius value at diverse location；

4th step, sets up coordinate system x being parallel to wheel end face with the wheel center of circle for initial point ' o ' y ', presses radius of wheel value Close according to the corresponding wheel anglec of rotation and tie up to coordinate system x ' o ' y ' depicts wheel rolling circle, carry out polynomial curve plan Close, complete the non-roundness measurement of wheel rolling circle, and calculate the maximum difference D of radius of wheel_max, by D_maxQuantify as out-of-roundness Index.

Further, described in the 3rd step, the initial data that laser displacement sensor is measured is converted into wheel at diverse location Radius value, specific as follows:

Laser displacement sensor is output as y_i, then y_iCorresponding wheel rolling radius of circle r_iFor:

r_i=L₂-y_i (1)

Wherein, i=1,2 ... n is the initial data label measured by laser displacement sensor (4), and n is that initial data is total Number.

Further, described in the 4th step, radius of wheel value is tied up to coordinate system x according to corresponding wheel anglec of rotation pass ' O ' y ' depicts wheel rolling circle, carries out polynomial curve fitting, complete the non-roundness measurement of wheel rolling circle, and calculate car The maximum difference D of wheel radius_max, by D_maxAs out-of-roundness quantizating index, specific as follows:

(4.1) angle, θ at the interval in adjacent two radius of wheel value relative wheel centers of circle is:

$\mathrm{\θ}=\frac{2\mathrm{\π}}{n}---\left(2\right)$

(4.2) each radius of wheel value is in coordinate system x ' transverse and longitudinal coordinate (x corresponding in o ' y '_i,y_i) it is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_i=(L_2-y_i)cos\left(\right(i-1\left)\mathrm{\θ}\right)\\ y_i=(L_2-y_i)sin\left(\right(i-1\left)\mathrm{\θ}\right)\end{array}\right.,i=1,2...n---\left(3\right)$

(4.3) radius of wheel maximum difference D_maxFor:

D_max=2 (r_max-r_min) (4)

Wherein, r_maxAnd r_minIt is respectively wheel rolling radius of circle r_iMaximum and minima.

Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is the present invention: (1) simple in construction, easy to carry；(2) easy for installation, mould Massing designs, and can dismount at any time；(3) selecting high-precision sensor, certainty of measurement is high；(4) structure is adjustable, and universality is strong, can pin Take turns measuring dissimilar.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is that the present invention falls the overall schematic of wheel non-roundness measurement device.

Fig. 2 is that the present invention falls the structure chart of wheel non-roundness measurement device.

Fig. 3 is wheel axle end surface center positioning hole schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 is positioning device structure figure.

Fig. 5 is sensor support structure figure.

Fig. 6 is sensor raw data figure.

Fig. 7 is the radius data figure at wheel difference.

Fig. 8 is the wheel rolling circle result figure of matching.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.

In conjunction with Fig. 1～5, the present invention falls wheel non-roundness measurement device, including positioner 1, end cap 2, sensor Support 3, laser displacement sensor 4；Three alignment pins are set on described positioner 1, on these three alignment pins and wheel axle end surface Existing three position of positioning hole are corresponding to position the center of circle of wheel, thus are accurately positioned the center of circle of wheel；Sensor stand 3 In step-like, the longeron parallel including two ends and the vertical crossbeam connecting the two, the end of 3 one longerons of sensor stand with The outer face of the fixing connection of positioner 1, another longeron and wheel is close to and end arranges laser displacement sensor 4；End cap 2 It is threaded connection with positioner 1 so that sensor stand 3 can not moving axially along wheel, it is ensured that laser displacement senses The distance of the laser initial point distance wheel inner face of device 4 is L₁；Described positioner 1 central axis distance laser initial point away from From for L₂, error allowed band is ± 0.01mm..

Further, the crossbeam of described sensor stand 3 is telescopically adjustable, enables the wheel of locating surface and different radii Outer face is close to, meet dissimilar take turns to measurement requirement.

Further, laser initial point distance wheel inner face distance L of described laser displacement sensor 4₁, less than in wheel Distance between end face and outer face.

Further, distance L of the central axis distance laser initial point of described positioner 1₂More than radius of wheel.

Further, the one-dimensional laser displacement of LK-H055 type that described laser displacement sensor 4 produces for Keyemce company passes Sensor.Laser displacement sensor is the one-dimensional laser displacement sensor of LK-H055 type that Keyemce company produces.

The present invention falls wheel non-roundness measurement method, comprises the following steps

1st step, with the laser initial point of laser displacement sensor 4 as coordinate origin, with laser beam as y-axis, with parallel It is x-axis in taking turns centrage, sets up coordinate system xoy.

2nd step, at the uniform velocity rotates a circle wheel, the measurement of laser displacement sensor 4 count as n, measurement frequency is fs.

3rd step, according to the structural parameters of the wheel non-roundness measurement device that falls, measures laser displacement sensor 4 Initial data is converted into the wheel radius value at diverse location, specific as follows:

Laser displacement sensor 4 is output as y_i, then y_iCorresponding wheel rolling radius of circle r_iFor:

r_i=L₂-y_i (1)

Wherein, i=1,2 ... n is the initial data label measured by laser displacement sensor 4, and n is initial data sum.

4th step, sets up coordinate system x being parallel to wheel end face with the wheel center of circle for initial point ' o ' y ', presses radius of wheel value Close according to the corresponding wheel anglec of rotation and tie up to coordinate system x ' o ' y ' depicts wheel rolling circle, carry out polynomial curve plan Close, complete the non-roundness measurement of wheel rolling circle, and calculate the maximum difference D of radius of wheel_max, by D_maxQuantify as out-of-roundness Index, specific as follows:

(4.1) angle, θ at the interval in adjacent two radius of wheel value relative wheel centers of circle is:

$\mathrm{\θ}=\frac{2\mathrm{\π}}{n}---\left(2\right)$

(4.2) each radius of wheel value is in coordinate system x ' transverse and longitudinal coordinate (x corresponding in o ' y '_i,y_i) it is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_i=(L_2-y_i)cos\left(\right(i-1\left)\mathrm{\θ}\right)\\ y_i=(L_2-y_i)sin\left(\right(i-1\left)\mathrm{\θ}\right)\end{array}\right.,i=1,2...n---\left(3\right)$

(4.3) radius of wheel maximum difference D_maxFor:

D_max=2 (r_max-r_min) (4)

Wherein, r_maxAnd r_minIt is respectively wheel rolling radius of circle r_iMaximum and minima.

Embodiment 1

In conjunction with the structure shown in Fig. 1～5, distance L of laser initial point distance wheel inner face₁=70mm, this value is definite value, According to the definition of wheel rolling circle, distance L of the distance between center line laser initial point of positioner 1₂=434mm.

The sample frequency of sensor is set to 50Hz, and wheel rotates a circle, and the sampled point of sensor is 500, and sensor is defeated The initial data y gone out_i=[34.302,34.170,34.478 ...], as shown in Figure 6, then can calculate the real radius of wheel Value, as shown in Figure 7.

r_i=434-y_i

The angle that between sensor each two sampled point, wheel turns over is:

$\mathrm{\θ}=\frac{2\mathrm{\π}}{500}$

Then according to geometrical relationship, the sampled point of sensor is converted into coordinate system x ' transverse and longitudinal coordinate under o ' y ':

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_i=r_i\cos \left(\right(i-1\left)\frac{2\mathrm{\π}}{500}\right)\\ y_i=r_{i}sin\left(\right(i-1\left)\frac{2\mathrm{\π}}{500}\right)\end{array}\right.,i=1,\mathrm{2...}n$

Carry out polynomial curve fitting, then draw out wheel rolling toroidal, as shown in Figure 8.Diameter can be calculated maximum Difference D_max=0.957.

To sum up, the present invention is the most portable, low cost, and wheel can carry out in the case of the wheel that falls high-precision out-of-roundness survey Amount, thus the Xuan of wheel is repaiied offer technical basis.

Claims (8)

1. the wheel non-roundness measurement device that falls, it is characterised in that: include positioner (1), end cap (2), sensor Support (3), laser displacement sensor (4)；Three alignment pins are set on described positioner (1), this three alignment pins and wheel shaft On end face, existing three position of positioning hole are corresponding to position the center of circle of wheel；Sensor stand (3) is in step-like, including two Holding capable longeron and the vertical crossbeam connecting the two level with both hands, the end of (3) longerons of sensor stand is solid with positioner (1) The outer face of fixed connection, another longeron and wheel is close to and end arranges laser displacement sensor (4)；End cap (2) and location Device (1) is threaded connection so that sensor stand (3) can not moving axially along wheel, laser displacement sensor (4) The distance of laser initial point distance wheel inner face is L₁；The distance of the central axis distance laser initial point of described positioner (1) For L₂。

The most according to claim 1 fall wheel non-roundness measurement device, it is characterised in that: described sensor stand (3) crossbeam is telescopically adjustable, enables the wheel outer face of locating surface and different radii to be close to.

The most according to claim 1 fall wheel non-roundness measurement device, it is characterised in that: described laser displacement sense Laser initial point distance wheel inner face distance L of device (4)₁, less than the distance between wheel inner face and outer face.

The most according to claim 1 fall wheel non-roundness measurement device, it is characterised in that: described positioner (1) Central axis distance laser initial point distance L₂More than radius of wheel.

The most according to claim 1 fall wheel non-roundness measurement device, it is characterised in that: described laser displacement sense Device (4) is the one-dimensional laser displacement sensor of LK-H055 type that Keyemce company produces.

6. the wheel non-roundness measurement side that falls based on the wheel non-roundness measurement device that falls described in claim 1 Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

1st step, with the laser initial point of laser displacement sensor (4) as coordinate origin, with laser beam as y-axis, to be parallel to Wheel is x-axis to centrage, sets up coordinate system xoy；

2nd step, at the uniform velocity rotates a circle wheel, the measurement of laser displacement sensor (4) count as n, measurement frequency is fs；

3rd step, according to the structural parameters of the wheel non-roundness measurement device that falls, that is measured by laser displacement sensor (4) is former Beginning data are converted into the wheel radius value at diverse location；

4th step, sets up coordinate system x being parallel to wheel end face with the wheel center of circle for initial point ' o ' y ', by radius of wheel value according to institute The corresponding wheel anglec of rotation is closed and is tied up to coordinate system x ' o ' y ' depicts wheel rolling circle, carry out polynomial curve fitting, complete Become the non-roundness measurement of wheel rolling circle, and calculate the maximum difference D of radius of wheel_max, by D_maxAs out-of-roundness quantizating index.

7. according to the wheel non-roundness measurement method that falls described in principle mandates 6, it is characterised in that by laser described in the 3rd step The initial data that displacement transducer (4) is measured is converted into the wheel radius value at diverse location, specific as follows:

Laser displacement sensor (4) is output as y_i, then y_iCorresponding wheel rolling radius of circle r_iFor:

r_i=L₂-y_i (1)

Wherein, i=1,2 ... n is the initial data label measured by laser displacement sensor (4), and n is initial data sum.

8. according to the wheel non-roundness measurement method that falls described in principle mandates 6, it is characterised in that by wheel described in the 4th step Radius value closes according to the corresponding wheel anglec of rotation and ties up to coordinate system x ' o ' y ' depicts wheel rolling circle, carry out multinomial Curve matching, completes the non-roundness measurement of wheel rolling circle, and calculates the maximum difference D of radius of wheel_max, by D_maxAs non-round Metrization index, specific as follows:

(4.1) angle, θ at the interval in adjacent two radius of wheel value relative wheel centers of circle is:

$\mathrm{\θ}=\frac{2\mathrm{\π}}{n}---\left(2\right)$

(4.2) each radius of wheel value is in coordinate system x ' transverse and longitudinal coordinate (x corresponding in o ' y '_i,y_i) it is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_i=(L_2-y_i)cos\left(\right(i-1\left)\mathrm{\θ}\right)\\ y_i=(L_2-y_i)sin\left(\right(i-1\left)\mathrm{\θ}\right)\end{array}\right.,i=1,2...n---\left(3\right)$

(4.3) radius of wheel maximum difference D_maxFor:

D_max=2 (r_max-r_min) (4)

Wherein, r_maxAnd r_minIt is respectively wheel rolling radius of circle r_iMaximum and minima.