CN106225682B - Measuring device and method for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement - Google Patents
Measuring device and method for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement Download PDFInfo
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- CN106225682B CN106225682B CN201610628657.1A CN201610628657A CN106225682B CN 106225682 B CN106225682 B CN 106225682B CN 201610628657 A CN201610628657 A CN 201610628657A CN 106225682 B CN106225682 B CN 106225682B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
- G01C5/04—Hydrostatic levelling, i.e. by flexibly interconnected liquid containers at separated points
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measuring devices and method for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, including several measuring units and data processing centre at the far end is set, each measuring unit includes imaging system, hydrostatic level, benchmark parallel target, no less than one measurement target drone and no less than one laser range finder, data processing centre obtains hydrostatic level, after the measurement result of laser range finder and imaging system, it is popped one's head according to sedimentation, benchmark parallel target, the measurement result of measurement target drone and laser range finder, large structure side wall is calculated, the displacement at top and ground settlement parameter.The present invention overcomes the displacements that measuring system is generated because imaging system is by the reasons such as load or the deformation of itself installation foundation, eventually lead to the measurement error of system, improve measurement accuracy, the undisturbed for realizing ground settlement parameter simultaneously measures, for the large structures such as tunnel, the passage of interior vehicle is not influenced, and there is higher application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical meaurement technical fields, are related to one kind and being used for large structure displacement and deformation measuring device,
The device and method of especially a kind of self-alignment long-range displacement or distortion measurement.
Background technology
Large structure includes bridge, dam, tunnel, slope and building construction etc., and deformation includes mainly static deformation
And dynamic deformation, static deformation refer to that ground sink, tilts and the very slow deformation of variations such as stress relaxation, dynamic deformation refer to by
The safety of target is commented in shortterm deflection caused by Yu Feng, temperature, earthquake, traffic load or site operation etc., parameter measurement
Estimate analysis to play an important role.
Traditional large structure such as bridge, the instrument of deformation detection have dial gauge, amesdial, accelerometer, spirit level,
Theodolite etc..Currently, these instruments are still widely used in bridge acceptance, periodic detection, but professional technician is needed,
Time-consuming, laborious, human error is big, far can not realize online, real-time, automatic, intelligent measure.In recent years, information technology is fluffy
The exhibition of breaking out has driven the development of bridge deformation measuring technique significantly, has emerged in large numbers many new technology and methods, such as laser amount of deflection
Method and GPS (Global Position System) positioning measurement method.Laser flexometer can realize the displacement measurement of submillimeter, but
It is that range is only capable of reaching several tens cm, the larger measurement for bridge large deformation of span cannot be met, vertical displacement is reachable
Meter level；GPS position measurement method can realize the large deformation of real-time online measuring bridge, but its precision intelligently reaches Centimeter Level, and
High cost limits its popularization and application.
Since latter stage seventies solid state image sensor occurs, there are many scholars with image sensings such as CCD both at home and abroad
Device is medium, and image processing techniques is used for the research of bridge, beams of concrete deformation measurement.Application No. is 200820241096.0
Chinese patent " a kind of bridge moving displacement measuring device based on machine vision " disclose and a kind of passing through lasing light emitter and CCD is combined
The measuring device for measuring bridge dynamic deformation passes through the position of laser beam during bridge distal end records bridge deformation with CCD
Variation is set, the deformation parameter of bridge is calculated.Main problem is existing for current this kind of displacement sensor：Ccd image senses
Device needs are used in combination with alignment laser, increase the complexity of system.
Application No. is 201410145554.0 Chinese patents " a kind of bridge real-time measurement system " to disclose a kind of bridge
Power-up target is held away from the fixation target of bridge by the remote measuring unit of dynamic displacement in use, and is needed in bridge
The place for measuring displacement is equipped with CCD cameras so that target is imaged in the photosensitive members of CCD, passes through the target figure obtained in real time
As the position on CCD, the dynamic displacement on bridge tested point is calculated.This scheme the problem is that：It is when measuring
System is used in tunnel, in grotto etc. when occasions, since CCD cameras and measurement target drone can generate position with the influence of extraneous load
Shifting and deformation, and since the position of the two installation is different, the displacement of measurement target drone and CCD cameras caused by extraneous load is not
Together, cause measurement result larger error occur, affect measurement accuracy.
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of self-calibration measuring device and method for large structure vertical displacement or deformation,
For the self-calibration measuring device and method of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, increase on the basis of traditional measurement target
A benchmark parallel target and a hydrostatic level are added, and the benchmark parallel target is fixed on the sedimentation probe of hydrostatic level, by quiet
Power spirit level obtains the displacement absolute value of accurate benchmark parallel target, to be modified calibration to the positional value of measurement target drone, most
The precise displacement value of measurement point is obtained afterwards.
The technology contents of the present invention are as follows：
For the measuring device of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, including several measuring unit sum numbers
According to processing center, each measuring unit includes imaging system, hydrostatic level, benchmark parallel target, no less than one measurement target drone
No less than one laser range finder, the hydrostatic level include fluid-through tube be connected benchmark sedimentation probe and it is several
Sedimentation probe is only measured, the measurement sedimentation probe and measurement target drone are fixed on side wall or the top of large structure, described
Benchmark parallel target (14) be disposed therein certain and only measure on sedimentation probe, and benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone are in the quick of imaging system
Feel and being imaged on the different location of member, the corresponding position in the large structure where measurement target drone is arranged in the laser range finder
Place, and be perpendicularly oriented at ground target to be measured；Data processing centre obtains hydrostatic level, laser range finder and imaging system
Measurement result after, and to the result of measurement target drone carry out calibration correction after, be calculated large structure side wall, top position
Shifting and ground settlement parameter.
Above-mentioned to be used in the measuring device of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, large structure is tunnel
Road, grotto, house, basement or bridge.
It is above-mentioned to be used in the measuring device of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, the benchmark of hydrostatic level
The setting of sedimentation probe is in the displacement of large structure outside or inside or the insignificant stability region of deformation.
It is above-mentioned to be used in the measuring device of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, benchmark parallel target and measurement target
It is designated as specific pattern or the power-up target of continuous work.
Above-mentioned to be used in the measuring device of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, power-up target is to line up one
LED the or LD light bar of setting shape.
It is above-mentioned to be used in the measuring device of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, corresponding to laser range finder
Measurement target drone be fixed on the casing of laser range finder.
Hydrostatic level and imaging system pass through wireless GPRS system, mobile radio network transmission module or optical cable transmission system
System transmits measurement result in the above-mentioned measuring device for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, distal end
Data processing centre.
Above-mentioned to be used in the measuring device of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, imaging system includes optics
Camera lens, imaging sensor, core control function unit, processing storage unit and remote communication unit；The imaging sensor
For CCD or cmos sensor, the core control function unit includes trigger signal detection module, image data acquiring mould
Block, image gray processing and Zoom module and target image feature extraction and identification module are used for the processing and identification of target image；
The processing storage unit is connected with core control function unit, is used for the storage and processing of image data；Described is long-range
Communication unit couples with processing storage unit, is used for the long-range transmission of image data.
For the measurement method of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, include the following steps：
[1] it installs：Measurement target drone, benchmark parallel target, hydrostatic level, laser range finder are installed on large structure,
The measurement sedimentation probe and measurement target drone of middle hydrostatic level are fixed on side wall or the top of large structure, measurement target drone installation
To be measured position, benchmark parallel target setting is on corresponding measurement sedimentation probe；Laser range finder is arranged in measurement target drone institute
Large structure corresponding position, and be perpendicularly oriented at ground target to be measured.
[2] it measures：Open imaging system so that benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone are in the different positions of the sensitivity member of imaging system
Imaging is set, hydrostatic level is opened, the height value of the measurement sedimentation probe where measuring basis target；Open laser ranging
Instrument, to the distance between laser range finder and ground target；
[3] it calibrates：Data processing is carried out to imaging system, obtains the shift value of benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone；To static(al)
Spirit level carries out data processing, and the shift value for measuring sedimentation probe is calculated；And according to the shift value pair for measuring sedimentation probe
The shift value of measurement target drone is modified calibration, deducts the measurement error that imaging system is brought by itself installation foundation displacement, obtains
The real displacement value of measurement point where obtaining measurement target drone；And the distance change value obtained according to laser range finder measurement, it calculates
To the settlement parameter on ground.
It is above-mentioned to be used in the measurement method of the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, the calibration in step [3]
Step includes：
[3.1] according to the change in location value of measurement target drone, and the distance between measurement target drone and imaging system, imaging are combined
The shift value x1 of measurement target drone is calculated in the optical parameter of system；
[3.2] according to the change in location value of benchmark parallel target, and the distance between benchmark parallel target and imaging system, imaging are combined
The shift value x0 of benchmark parallel target is calculated in the optical parameter of system；
[3.3] according to the liquid level of benchmark sedimentation probe in hydrostatic level and measurement sedimentation probe, survey is calculated
The shift value y0 of amount sedimentation probe；
[3.4] laser range finder measurement obtains the change in displacement value m between laser range finder and ground；
[3.5] the displacement x 11=x1+y0-x0 of the measurement point where calibrated rear measurement target drone；
[3.6] ground settlement parameter n=x11-m.
The advantageous effects that the present invention has are as follows：
1, the present invention increases benchmark on the basis of the displacement measuring device that existing CCD cameras and measurement target drone form
Benchmark parallel target is arranged on a measurement sedimentation probe of hydrostatic level for target, laser range finder and hydrostatic level, and
It is provided with measurement target drone on every laser range finder, the absolute displacement values of measurement sedimentation probe are provided by hydrostatic level,
Absolute displacement values as benchmark parallel target.In installation and debugging so that benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone are imaged on CCD cameras simultaneously
On, and in data handling, the shift value of other measurement points is corrected according to the shift value of benchmark parallel target, while utilizing Laser Measuring
The distance between measurement target drone that distance meter measurement obtains and earth's surface variation, so that it may to obtain the relative displacement of ground settlement, and swash
The measurement target drone data that optar matches are combined, and have obtained the absolute displacement values of ground settlement.The method overcome surveys
The displacement that amount system is generated because imaging system is by the reasons such as load or the deformation of itself installation foundation, eventually leads to the survey of system
Error is measured, measurement accuracy is improved.
2, the hydrostatic level of the present invention includes the benchmark sedimentation probe and several measurement sedimentation spies that fluid-through tube is connected
Head, measures sedimentation probe and measurement target drone is fixed on side wall or the top of large structure, and benchmark parallel target is disposed therein certain only
It measures on sedimentation probe, benchmark sedimentation probe setting passes through base in large structure external displacement or the insignificant region of deformation
Relationship between quasi- sedimentation probe and measurement sedimentation probe, is calculated and measures the precise displacement that sedimentation is popped one's head in, while several
Multiple measurement points that sedimentation probe is distributed in measured tunnel are measured, is matched with several imaging systems, target, realizes tunnel
The distributed self-correcting locating tab assembly of the large structures parameter such as road.
3, ground settlement parameter of the invention is obtained by multiple link composite measurements；Benchmark parallel target is arranged quiet first
Certain of power spirit level only measures on sedimentation probe, and the absolute of the benchmark parallel target can be obtained by the data processing of hydrostatic level
Displacement；Secondly measurement target drone and benchmark parallel target imaging system sensitivity member it is upper be imaged simultaneously, can be calculated measurement target drone with
Relative displacement between benchmark parallel target, therefore the absolute displacement of measurement target drone can be obtained；Then due to measurement target drone is arranged in laser
On the shell of rangefinder, then the displacement of the measurement target drone is the absolute displacement of laser range finder itself；Last laser range finder
The displacement measured between obtained earth's surface and laser range finder has just obtained ground in conjunction with the absolute displacement of laser range finder itself
The absolute value of table settlement parameter.The undisturbed that this scheme realizes ground settlement parameter measures, for large scale structures such as tunnels
For object, the passage of interior vehicle is not influenced, and there is higher application value.
4, core of the invention control function unit uses embedded system, compact-sized reliable, facilitates application；It sets simultaneously
It is equipped with telecommunication transmission unit, the result of measurement can be passed through wireless transmitting systems or the light such as gprs system, 3G wireless networks
The line transmission systems such as cable are transmitted to the duty room of distal end, meet long-range unattended round-the-clock field work requirement.
5,24 hours round-the-clock works may be implemented using LED the or LD light bar of power-up as target in target of the invention
Make, and have the characteristics that characteristic target extraction is convenient and accuracy is high, measurement accuracy also accordingly improves.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is self-calibration measuring device measuring unit of the present invention in tunnel survey application principle schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that measuring device measures schematic layout pattern in tunnel certain；
Fig. 3 is principle schematic of the hydrostatic level under initial static state；
Fig. 4 is principle schematic of the hydrostatic level under displacement measurement state；
Target and measurement target drone the image space schematic diagram on CCD pixels on the basis of Fig. 5；
Fig. 6 is imaging system theory of constitution schematic diagram of the present invention；
Reference numeral is as follows：1-optical lens；2-imaging sensors；4-remote communication units；5-cores control work(
It can unit；6-processing storage units；11-large structures；12-imaging systems；13-measurement target drones；14-benchmark parallel targets；
16-measurement target drone images；17-benchmark parallel target images；18-display screens；20 --- data processing centre；21-benchmark are heavy
Drop probe；22-measure sedimentation probe；23-fluid-through tubes；24-deformation measurement regions；25-stability regions；26-laser rangings
Instrument；27-ground；28-laser range finders are emitted reflection laser.
Specific implementation mode
The measuring system of the present invention is mainly used for displacement or the distortion measurement of the key positions such as large structure top, waist,
Its ground settlement is measured simultaneously, wherein large structure includes tunnel, grotto, house, basement and bridge etc., below
By taking tunnel as an example.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, it is used for the measuring device of large structure vertical displacement and ground settlement, including setting to exist
The data processing centre 20 of distal end and several measuring units, wherein each measuring unit includes imaging system 12, benchmark parallel target
14, hydrostatic level, no less than one measurement target drone 13, hydrostatic level include the benchmark sedimentation being connected by fluid-through tube 23
Probe 21 and several measurement sedimentation probes 22.The setting of data processing centre 20 is measuring distal end, and imaging system 12 is mounted on big
The suitable position of type works, measures sedimentation probe 22 and measurement target drone 13 is fixed on side wall or the top of large structure 11,
Benchmark parallel target 14 is disposed therein certain and only measures on sedimentation probe 22, and benchmark parallel target 14 and measurement target drone 13 are in imaging system 12
Sensitivity member different location on be imaged.
In order to realize that ground settlement measures, each unit further includes no less than one laser range finder 26, laser ranging
Instrument 26 is arranged in the corresponding position of the large structure where measurement target drone 13, and is perpendicularly oriented at ground target to be measured,
It can measure to obtain the distance between laser exit and reflection ground 27, wherein 28 be that laser range finder is emitted and what is reflected swashs
Light, laser range finder are exactly to be reflected into the light of target by measurement the distance between laser exit and target is calculated.
Measurement target drone 13 can be fixed on the shell of laser range finder 26 in force, in this way can by the displacement of measurement target drone 13 Lai
Obtain the displacement shake of laser range finder 26 itself.It should be noted that may include several measurements in a measuring unit
Target 13, but laser range finder 26, then according to the demand of ground survey, quantity can be less than the quantity of measurement target drone.
After data processing centre obtains the measurement result of hydrostatic level, laser range finder and imaging system, according to sedimentation
The measurement result of probe, benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone, is calculated displacement or the deformation parameter of measurement point, further according to measurement target
Mark and laser range finder are as a result, be calculated ground settlement parameter.
Since imaging system is fixed in measuring application on large structure, itself generates displacement and change also with basis
Shape leads to the inaccuracy of measurement result, in order to correct the error that imaging system itself is brought, present invention introduces benchmark parallel target,
And benchmark parallel target is fixed on a sedimentation probe of hydrostatic level, and base is obtained by the outcome measurement of hydrostatic level
The displacement parameter of quasi- target only needs to measure to obtain the relative displacement between benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone in this way, you can with
To the exact shift of measurement point, to itself calibrating to imaging system.In addition by laser range finder and measurement target drone phase
In conjunction with obtaining itself displacement of measurement target drone, the measurement obtained in conjunction with laser range finder measurement by the benchmark parallel target of front
The distance between target and earth's surface change, so that it may to obtain the settlement parameter of earth's surface.
The operation principle of hydrostatic level is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, and 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# probe, wherein 1# are given in figure
It pops one's head in as benchmark sedimentation probe 21, setting is arranged in large structure can in the displacement of large structure outside or inside or deformation
The stability region 25 ignored, and 2#, 3# and 4# probe as measure sedimentation probe 22 be then arranged top, the waist in tunnel etc. need to
The region to be measured, a measurement therein settles is fixed with benchmark parallel target 14 on probe.Imaging system 12 is by the base when measurement
Quasi- target and other measurement target drones in the region are imaged together, opposite between measurement target drone and benchmark parallel target to be calculated
Displacement.
Hydrostatic level is put down under initial static state by the fluid level of every measuring probe of fluid-through tube connection in Fig. 3
Together, i.e. H10=H20=H30=H40, when hydrostatic level is in displacement measurement state shown in Fig. 4,1# probes are in steady
Region is determined, as datum level；And 2#, 3#, 4# are in measured zone, as the upper and lower position of measurement point rises and falls and liquid occur
Face rises or falls.
According to the measuring principle of hydrostatic level, there are △ h1=H1-H10, △ h2=H2-H20, △ h3=H3-H30, △
H4=H4-H40 △ hi=Hi-Hi0.Wherein result of calculation：△ hi are that positive value indicates the measuring point Liquid storage container
Interior liquid level increases, and △ hi are that negative value indicates the reduction of the liquid level in the measuring point Liquid storage container.Point on the basis of elected location survey point 1, then
The vertical displacement (settling amount) of other each measuring point relative datum points is：△ H2=△ h1- △ h2, △ H3=△ h1- △ h3, △ H4
=△ h1- △ h4, △ Hi=△ h1- △ hi.Wherein result of calculation：△ Hi are that positive value indicates the measuring point ground
It raises, △ Hi are that negative value indicates the measuring point settlement of foundation.If it is known that the horizontal distance L between two measuring points, then opposite between two measuring points
Inclined variation also obtains finally.It follows that poor by measuring the liquid level between sedimentation probe and benchmark sedimentation probe, you can
To the shift value of material sedimentation probe, and then also obtain the shift value for the benchmark parallel target being mounted on material sedimentation probe.
The imaging of measurement target drone 13 and benchmark parallel target 14 in the photosensitive members of CCD is as shown in figure 5,16,17 respectively survey in figure
Target image and benchmark parallel target image are measured, 18 be display screen.It is zero or displacement very little since benchmark parallel target 14 is in displacement
Near bridge pier, therefore its displacement is negligible, and measurement target drone 13 and imaging system 12 are in bridge middle part displacement and deformation most
Big region can make the image of measurement target drone 13 generate the displacement x 1 of upper and lower directions, form when load-carrying vehicle drives into bridge
As system CCD itself generate background displacement be exactly benchmark parallel target 14 displacement x O, it is deducted, accurate survey can be obtained
Amount point shift value.
As shown in Figure 6, imaging system includes optical lens 1, imaging sensor 2, core control function unit 5, handles and deposit
Storage unit 6 and remote communication unit 4；Imaging sensor 2 is CCD or cmos sensor, and core control function unit 5 includes triggering
Signal detection module, image data acquiring module, image gray processing and Zoom module and target image feature extraction and identification mould
Block is used for the processing and identification of target image；Processing storage unit 6 is connected with core control function unit 5, is used for image data
Storage and processing；Remote communication unit 4 couples with processing storage unit 6, is used for the long-range transmission of image data.
Optical lens 1 aims at the target that is arranged in measured target, in the application the camera lens of optional varifocal, by difference away from
From on, different size of target imaging to imaging sensor, this working method has good adaptability to measuring target, and
Have the characteristics that measurement range is big, wherein imaging sensor 2 is CCD or cmos sensor, for obtaining measured target in real time
Image.
The target of the present invention can be the power-up target of the specific pattern or continuous work on target object.The present apparatus
It is of less demanding to target, if 24 hours round-the-clock works may be implemented as target using LED the or LD light bar of power-up
Make, and have the characteristics that characteristic target extraction is convenient and accuracy is high, measurement accuracy also accordingly improves.
Trigger control unit is used to provide the trigger signal needed for remote displacement sensor, and sensor does not work usually, only
Have when extraneous trigger signal arrives, displacement sensor is just started to work, and the pressure of data storage and data transmission is reduced.Far
Journey communication unit 4 couples with processing storage unit 6, is used for the long-range transmission of image data.
Remote communication unit 4, which can be the mobile radio networks transmission module or optical cable etc. such as wireless GPRS system, 3G, 4G, to be had
Line Transmission system transmits measurement result to the data processing centre 20 of distal end, meets long-range unattended round-the-clock open country
Outer job requirement.
The present invention is as follows for large structure vertical displacement or the specific measuring process of deformation parameter：
9, the measurement method for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, which is characterized in that including following
Step：
[1] it installs：Measurement target drone, benchmark parallel target, hydrostatic level, laser range finder are installed on large structure,
The measurement sedimentation probe and measurement target drone of middle hydrostatic level are fixed on side wall or the top of large structure, measurement target drone installation
To be measured position, benchmark parallel target setting is on corresponding measurement sedimentation probe；Laser range finder is arranged in measurement target drone institute
Large structure corresponding position, and be perpendicularly oriented at ground target to be measured.
[2] it measures：Open imaging system so that benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone are in the different positions of the sensitivity member of imaging system
Imaging is set, hydrostatic level is opened, the height value of the measurement sedimentation probe where measuring basis target；Open laser ranging
Instrument, to the distance between laser range finder and ground target；
[3] it calibrates：Data processing is carried out to imaging system, obtains the shift value of benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone；To static(al)
Spirit level carries out data processing, and the shift value for measuring sedimentation probe is calculated；And according to the shift value pair for measuring sedimentation probe
The shift value of measurement target drone is modified calibration, deducts the measurement error that imaging system is brought by itself installation foundation displacement, obtains
The real displacement value of measurement point where obtaining measurement target drone；And the distance change value obtained according to laser range finder measurement, it calculates
To the settlement parameter on ground.
Calibration steps wherein in step [3] includes：
[3.1] according to the change in location value of measurement target drone, and the distance between measurement target drone and imaging system, imaging are combined
The shift value x1 of measurement target drone is calculated in the optical parameter of system；
[3.2] according to the change in location value of benchmark parallel target, and the distance between benchmark parallel target and imaging system, imaging are combined
The shift value x0 of benchmark parallel target is calculated in the optical parameter of system；
[3.3] according to the liquid level of benchmark sedimentation probe in hydrostatic level and measurement sedimentation probe, survey is calculated
The shift value y0 of amount sedimentation probe；
[3.4] laser range finder measurement obtains the change in displacement value m between laser range finder and ground；
[3.5] the displacement x 11=x1+y0-x0 of the measurement point where calibrated rear measurement target drone；
[3.6] ground settlement parameter n=x11-m.
Its Computing Principle is as follows：
Assuming that shakiness synchronizing moving displacement z in imaging system gene basis in measurement process, since benchmark parallel target is provided in
It measures on sedimentation probe, then y0=x0+z (1) is indicated for basic target
For measurement target drone, true shift value x11=x1+z (2)
X11=x1+y0-x0 is calculated in formula (1) and (2) simultaneous；It is positive value that fetch bit, which is shifted to, in calculating, is downwards negative
Value.
The measuring process of ground settlement is as follows：
[2.1] data processing centre obtains the change in displacement between the obtained ground of laser range finder measurement and laser exit
Value m, wherein m are obtained after being subtracted each other the distance of actual measurement with initial range；
[2.2] position of the measurement point where the measurement target drone corresponding to laser range finder is obtained according to preceding step [3.5]
Move x11；
[2.3] then ground settlement parameter n=x11-m.
The present invention is applied in bridge displacement detection, and the range of measurable displacement is 10m grades at present, measurement accuracy
Up to 0.1mm grades, temporal resolution 100ms.The undisturbed that this scheme also achieves ground settlement parameter measures, for tunnel
For equal large structures, the passage of interior vehicle is not influenced, and there is higher application value.
Claims (10)
1. the measuring device for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, it is characterised in that：Including several surveys
It includes imaging system (12), hydrostatic level, benchmark parallel target to measure unit and data processing centre (20), each measuring unit
(14), one measurement target drone (13) and no less than one laser range finder (26), the hydrostatic level packet are no less than
Include the benchmark sedimentation probe (21) and several measurement sedimentation probes (22) that fluid-through tube is connected, measurement sedimentation probe
(22) and measurement target drone (13) is fixed on side wall or the top of large structure (11), and the benchmark parallel target (14) is arranged at it
In certain only measure on sedimentation probe (22), and benchmark parallel target (14) and measurement target drone (13) are in the sensitive first of imaging system (12)
It is imaged on different location, the laser range finder (26) is arranged in the correspondence position of the large structure where measurement target drone (13)
Place is set, and is perpendicularly oriented at ground target to be measured；Data processing centre (20) obtains hydrostatic level, laser range finder (26)
After the measurement result of imaging system (12), and to the result of measurement target drone carry out calibration correction after, large scale structure is calculated
Object side wall, the displacement at top and ground settlement parameter.
2. the measuring device according to claim 1 for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, special
Sign is：The large structure (11) is tunnel, grotto, house, basement or bridge.
3. the measuring device according to claim 1 for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, special
Sign is：Benchmark sedimentation probe (21) setting of the hydrostatic level can in the displacement of large structure outside or inside or deformation
The stability region ignored.
4. the measuring device according to claim 1 for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, special
Sign is：The benchmark parallel target (14) and measurement target drone (13) is specific pattern or the power-up target of continuous work.
5. the measuring device according to claim 4 for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, special
Sign is：The power-up target is LED the or LD light bar for lining up definite shape.
6. the measuring device according to claim 1 for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, special
Sign is：Measurement target drone (13) corresponding to the laser range finder (26) is fixed on the casing of laser range finder (26).
7. the measuring device according to claim 1 for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, special
Sign is：The hydrostatic level and imaging system passes through wireless GPRS system, mobile radio network transmission module or optical cable
Transmission system transmits measurement result to the data processing centre (20) of distal end.
8. the measuring device according to claim 1 for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, special
Sign is：The imaging system includes optical lens (1), imaging sensor (2), core control function unit (5), handles and deposit
Storage unit (6) and remote communication unit (4)；The imaging sensor (2) is CCD or cmos sensor, the core control
Functional unit (5) processed includes trigger signal detection module, image data acquiring module, image gray processing and Zoom module and target
Image characteristics extraction and identification module are used for the processing and identification of target image；The processing storage unit (6) and core control
Functional unit (5) processed is connected, and is used for the storage and processing of image data；The remote communication unit (4) and processing storage are single
First (6) connection, is used for the long-range transmission of image data.
9. the measurement method for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
[1] it installs：Measurement target drone, benchmark parallel target, hydrostatic level, laser range finder are installed on large structure, wherein quiet
The measurement sedimentation probe and measurement target drone of power spirit level are fixed on side wall or the top of large structure, and measurement target drone is mounted on and waits for
Measurement point position, benchmark parallel target setting is on corresponding measurement sedimentation probe；Laser range finder is arranged where measurement target drone
The corresponding position of large structure, and be perpendicularly oriented at ground target to be measured；
[2] it measures：Open imaging system so that benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone are on the different location of the sensitivity member of imaging system
Hydrostatic level is opened in imaging, the height value of the measurement sedimentation probe where measuring basis target；Laser range finder is opened, it is right
The distance between laser range finder and ground target；
[3] it calibrates：Data processing is carried out to imaging system, obtains the shift value of benchmark parallel target and measurement target drone；To static level
Instrument carries out data processing, and the shift value for measuring sedimentation probe is calculated；And according to the shift value of measurement sedimentation probe to measuring
The shift value of target is modified calibration, deducts the measurement error that imaging system is brought by itself installation foundation displacement, is surveyed
The real displacement value of measurement point where measuring target；And the distance change value obtained according to laser range finder measurement, it is calculated ground
The settlement parameter in face.
10. the measurement method according to claim 9 for the vertical displacement of large structure ontology and ground settlement, special
Sign is that the calibration steps in the step [3] includes：
[3.1] according to the change in location value of measurement target drone, and the distance between measurement target drone and imaging system, imaging system are combined
Optical parameter, the shift value x1 of measurement target drone is calculated；
[3.2] according to the change in location value of benchmark parallel target, and the distance between benchmark parallel target and imaging system, imaging system are combined
Optical parameter, the shift value x0 of benchmark parallel target is calculated；
[3.3] according to the liquid level of benchmark sedimentation probe in hydrostatic level and measurement sedimentation probe, it is heavy that measurement is calculated
The shift value y0 of probe drops；
[3.4] laser range finder measurement obtains the change in displacement value m between laser range finder and ground；
[3.5] the displacement x 11=x1+y0-x0 of the measurement point where calibrated rear measurement target drone；
[3.6] ground settlement parameter n=x11-m.
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