CN106222543A - A kind of Cr1 series hot die steel and heat treatment method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Cr1 series hot die steel and heat treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106222543A CN106222543A CN201610752198.8A CN201610752198A CN106222543A CN 106222543 A CN106222543 A CN 106222543A CN 201610752198 A CN201610752198 A CN 201610752198A CN 106222543 A CN106222543 A CN 106222543A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Cr1 series hot die steel, it is characterised in that described hot die steel is in terms of weight %, comprise C0.40～0.48%, Si0.17～0.40%, Mn0.80～1.20%, P≤0.020%, S≤0.010%, Cr0.80～1.60%, Ni1.00～1.70%, Mo0.80～1.60%, V0.05～0.30%, Al0.010～0.050%, Nb 0.02～0.20%, the Fe of surplus；The chemical composition formula of the novel C r1 series hot die steel that the present invention proposes, the named YD1 of title material, compare with existing Cr1 system (5CrNiMo, 5CrNiMoV) hot die steel, YD1 Series Die Steel reduces carbon content, improve Mn and Cr content, Mo content is greatly improved, slightly reduces Ni content, with the addition of Nb element, with the addition of Al element.Thus improve elevated temperature strength and creep-resistant property and improve toughness etc..
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ferrous alloy field, be specifically related to a kind of alloy for forging mold and preparation thereof and application.
Background technology
5CrNiMo and 5CrNiMoV is major die material in current industrial (GB/T11880-89 die hammer and large-scale
Mechanical forging press building block technique condition)；GB1299-2000 alloy tool steel；" China's hot die steel performance data collection ", Zhu
Zong Yuan, mechanical engineering material, the 12nd phase of volume 25, P12；Wherein 5CrNiMo mould steel heat resistance and wearability are poor.China forges
Making with mold materials of less types, applying most is 5CrNiMo, 5CrNiMoV, the 4Cr2MoVNi in GB/T11880-89
(B2)；H13 in GB/T1299-2000；According to using hardness to weigh in these kinds, high height, low is low, lacks centre
The kind of hardness, the 5Cr2NiMoVSi in GB/T11880-89 belongs to the kind that hardness is moderate, but because fragility is big, it is easy to cracking,
Apply the most extensive.Therefore need to develop alloying and hardness is in the middle of 5CrNiMo and H13 or higher than H13 series of products.
5CrNiMo is GB Die Steel Products, it is adaptable to use hardness HRC42-47 (small-sized), HRC39-44 (medium and small
Type), the steel of HRC37-42 (medium-sized), (" mold materials application manual ", Lin Huiguo, fire tree roc, Ma Shao more edit, mechanical industry
Publishing house's second edition, P14, P32), purposes simple shape, thickness 250-350mm.This steel alloying is relatively reasonable, becomes in forging
During shape drag little low-alloy steel, application effect is preferable.If when the hot-forging die of more heavy in section or higher temperature, this steel
Owing to quenching degree and hardenability are low, poor heat stability, and cause the mold use life-span low.
Thickness >=350 of forging and stamping module～referred to as heavy die block, the super-huge module of title of thickness >=500mm of 500mm.I
State develops 45Cr2NiMoVSi (45Cr2), 5Cr2NiMoVSi (5Cr2), 3Cr2MoVNi (B2) and 3Cr2MoWVNi (B3)
Heavy in section hot die steels such as (JBT8431-1996 " hot forging forming mould steel and heat treatment technics conditions thereof "), with 5CrNiMo
Comparing, 45Cr2 and 5Cr2 steel improves quenching degree, elevated temperature strength, heat stability, and impact flexibility is suitable, and heat wear resistance is with anti-
The performance of heat exhaustion is also better than 5CrNiMo, but 45Cr2 and 5Cr2 is prone to cracking.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for this area, it is an object of the present invention to provide one and is suitable to large, medium and small pattern block Cr1 series of heat
Make mould steel.
It is another object of the present invention to propose the preparation method of described Cr1 series hot die steel.
Third object of the present invention is the method proposing to prepare mould with described Cr1 series hot die steel.
The concrete technical scheme realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is:
A kind of Cr1 series hot die steel, described hot die steel, in terms of weight %, comprises C0.40～0.48%, Si
0.17～0.40%, Mn 0.80～1.20%, P≤0.020%, S≤0.010%, Cr0.80～1.60%, Ni 1.00～
1.70%, Mo0.80～1.60%, V0.05～0.30%, Al0.010～0.050%, Nb 0.02～0.20%, surplus
Fe。
The chemical composition formula of the novel C r1 series hot die steel that the present invention proposes, internal material name nominating is
YD1, compares with Cr1 system (5CrNiMo, 5CrNiMoV) hot die steel, and YD1 Series Die Steel reduces carbon content, improves
Mn content, improves Cr content, Mo content is greatly improved, adds/improve V content, slightly reduces Ni content, interpolation
Nb element, with the addition of Al element.Thus improve elevated temperature strength and creep-resistant property and improve toughness etc..
In prior art, the main alloy element of hot die steel and scope be: C0.26-0.75%, Si0.10-
1.2%, Mn0.20-1.60%, Cr0.5-5.5%, Mo0-3.4%, W0-7.9%, V0-1.4%, Ni0-4.3%, Co0-
4.5%, AL0-0.7%, Nb0-0.3%, the change of each component content the tissue of steel and performance are played beneficial effect and
Disadvantageous effect, target of the present invention is to invent the replacement 5CrNiMo of the relatively low high-strength tenacity of the carbide content of a kind of low Cr
Hot die steel, takes the normal place of each element, evades its weakness, and the aspect that emphasis considers is as follows:
1) C effect in steel
Expand γ phase region, but because of the formation of cementite, it is impossible to unlimited solid solution；With the increase of content, improve steel hardness and
Intensity, but reduce its plasticity and toughness.Improve the quenching degree of steel；
Reducing Ms point, therefore keep relatively low carbon content, make the Ms of steel be taken at of a relatively high level, quenching obtains relatively
Many lath martensite tissue improves toughness, and the carbide quantity that simultaneously also can reduce in steel after tempering improves toughness.Therefore ratio
The carbon content of 5CrNiMo reduces.
Therefore steel grade of the present invention takes C0.40-0.48%.
2), silicon effect in steel:
(1) intensity and the cold work hardening degree that improve solid solution in steel make the toughness of steel and plasticity reduce.
(2) Si is that the effective element .Si improving resistance to tempering reduces carbon diffusion velocity in ferrite, makes tempering separate out
Carbide be difficult to assemble, add temper resistance；
(3) high-temperature oxidation resistance of steel is improved；
(4) unfavorable aspect easily makes steel present banded structure, makes the lateral performance of steel reduce.
The unfavorable aspect of Si is also to increase the carbon segregation in steel, and its detrimental effect is big compared with than its advantageous effect, therefore Si takes
Meet the requirement smelting deoxidation.
Therefore steel grade of the present invention takes Si0.17～0.40%.
3), manganese effect in steel
(1) manganese improves the quenching degree of steel.
(2) manganese and ferrum form solid solution, improve ferrite and the hardness of austenite and intensity in steel, and Mn can form again carbonization
Thing, thus improve the intensity of steel, hardness and wearability.
(3) the high-temperature instantaneous intensity of steel is increased by manganese.
(4) manganese reduces the Ms point of steel strongly, increases the remained austenite content in hardened steel, and favourable aspect can improve tough
Property, disadvantageously can increase deflection；
The major defect of manganese steel is, 1. containing manganese higher time, have obvious temper brittleness phenomenon；2. manganese has promotion crystal grain long
Big effect, therefore manganese steel is to overheated more sensitive, therefore must be noted that in Technology for Heating Processing.This shortcoming can be with adding refinement crystalline substance
Grain element such as molybdenum, vanadium, titanium etc. overcome.
Mn is good deoxidizer and desulfurizing agent, and Mn must reach a certain amount in steel, and Mn/S have to be larger than equal to 8.
Steel grade of the present invention mainly utilize its improve quenching degree and improve wearability aspect, therefore take its at higher content, with 5CrNiMo
Compare and improve Mn content.
Therefore invention steel grade Mn takes 0.80～1.20%.
4), chromium effect in steel
(1) chromium can improve intensity and the hardness of steel.
(2) chromium can improve the high-temperature mechanical property of steel.
(3) steel is made to have good corrosion resistance and non-oxidizability
(4) graphitization is stoped
(5) quenching degree is improved.
(6) form carbide, improve wearability
(7) temper resistance is increased
(8) Cr impact on steel eutectoid point, it and Mn are substantially similar, reduce the C content of eutectoid point.
Shortcoming: 1. chromium is that the brittle transition temperature 2. chromium significantly improving steel can promote steel belt roof bolt fragility.Contrast 5CrNiMo
Understanding with the performance of 5CrNiMoV, Cr reduces impact flexibility.Cr is carbide former, increases wearability, but is used for impacting
During the bigger big swage die of strength, it is prone to cracking because its fragility is big.It is contemplated that carbon reduces than 5CrNiMo, Cr is corresponding
Improve than 5CrNiMo.
Therefore steel grade Cr of the present invention takes 0.80-1.60%.
5), nickel effect in steel
(1) intensity of steel can be improved, and improve its toughness, improve fatigue resistance.(2) nickel can reduce the Transition of Brittleness temperature of steel
Degree, can improve the low-temperature flexibility of steel.(3) nickel can improve the resistance to corrosion of steel, can not only be acidproof, and energy alkali resistant is with big
The corrosion of gas.(4) improving quenching degree, (5) expand austenitic area, increase the remained austenite content in hardened steel, favourable aspect
Can improve toughness, disadvantageously can increase deflection, (6) increase dendrite, improve lateral performance, and (7) increase lath-shaped horse
Family name's scale of construction, improves toughness, and (8) accelerate carbon diffusion in austenite, and Ni is that non-carbide forms element, improves carbon at austenite
In diffusion coefficient, reduce primary carbide, and make proeutectoid carbide be difficult to grow up.(9) Ni makes the layer of austenite arrange to carry
High.It is generally acknowledged that layer is arranged can be the lowest, is more conducive to extension that position arranges and forms position and arrange, making sliding difficulty, and the processing causing steel is hard
Change trend increases.Otherwise layer is arranged can be the highest, the most easily deformable processing.This can increase at forging pass deformation, is conducive to tissue broken
Broken and loose seam.Therefore Ni takes suitable with 5CrNiMo or lower slightly content range.
Therefore steel grade Ni of the present invention takes 1.0-1.70%.
6), molybdenum effect in steel
(1) molybdenum has solution strengthening effect to ferrite.(2) improve steel heat resistance, improve elevated temperature strength and keep when high temperature
Enough intensity and creep resisting ability (be the most at high temperature stressed, deform, claim creep), (3) crystal grain thinning.Gao Gao
Toughness, (4) improve the quenching degree of steel.(5) playing post-curing effect, addition is not less than 1%, the highest by 3%.(6) carbon is formed
Compound, improves resistance to fiber crops mill property.(7) temper resistance is increased.(8) steel belt roof bolt fragility can be suppressed.
Shortcoming: the main ill effect of molybdenum is that it can make low-alloy molybdenum steel that graphited tendency occurs.
In order to improve anti-temper resistance, improve elevated temperature strength, raising wearability.The Mo of steel grade of the present invention take 1.0～
1.70%, relatively 5CrNiMo increases substantially.
Therefore steel grade Mo of the present invention takes 0.80～1.60%.
7), vanadium effect in steel
(1) steel heat resistance is improved.
(2) crystal grain thinning.
(3) post-curing effect is played,
(4) form carbide, improve resistance to fiber crops mill property.
Shortcoming: V height forms primary carbide, solution temperature is high, not readily dissolves, thus reduces toughness.
Therefore steel grade V of the present invention takes 0.05～0.30%.
8), aluminum effect in steel
(1) reinforced ferrite
(2) high temperature hardness is improved
(3) solid solution strength is improved
(4) crystal grain thinning
(5) improve Ms point, increase lath M.
(6) it is that non-carbide forms element, the activity of carbon can be improved, improve Carbon diffusion coefficient, make proeutectoid carbide not
Easily grow up.
Therefore steel grade Al of the present invention takes 0.010-0.050%.
9), niobium effect in steel
Nb and C, N, O have extremely strong affinity, form the most stable compound therewith, improve the hardness of steel.The most more
The compound dissipated with crystal grain thinning, can improve the Coarsening Temperature of crystal grain, reduces superheated susceptivity and the temper brittleness of steel.
Therefore steel grade Nb of the present invention takes 0.02-0.20% level.
12) other element and gas content: Cu: be formed without carbide, is present in matrix with solid solution state, can improve steel
Toughness, improves quenching degree and corrosion resistance.But its shortcoming is to increase the red brittleness of steel, therefore its content controls at≤0.20% water
Flat；Ti: for carbide former, can crystal grain thinning, the effect with V, Nb is similar, and owing to the addition of V and Ni, therefore Ti does not adds
Add, should control in≤0.01% level.P, S, Pb, Sn, As, Sb, Bi and gas content N, H, O are harmful element, all should control
Make at reduced levels and the lowest more good.
Further, described Cr1 series hot die steel, prepared by following steps:
Electric furnace or converter smelting, LF stove refine, vacuum outgas, molding or continuous casting, annealing, electroslag remelting, slow cooling, annealing,
Forging, normalizing, high tempering, expand hydrogen, slightly add, inspection, slightly add, quenched, finishing, inspection.
The alloy mold prepared with Cr1 series hot die steel of the present invention.
The heat treatment method of a kind of alloy mold, described alloy mold is low-alloy steel hammering or mechanical press forging die tool, with power
Profit requires the hot-work die steel making described in 1 or 2, and its heat treatment includes step:
S1 quenches :≤680 DEG C of shove charges, at a temperature of being maintained at 680 DEG C, then is warming up to 890～930 DEG C of insulations with stove, then
It is tempered immediately after being cooled to 150～180 DEG C；
S2 is once tempered :≤280 DEG C of shove charges, and at a temperature of being maintained at 280 DEG C, isothermal is calculated by 0.6min/mm, is warming up to 585
～640 DEG C of insulations, cool down after being cooled to surface temperature 100～150 DEG C, it is ensured that mould just can carry out second time and return after being cooled to room temperature
Fire；
S3 double tempering :≤300 DEG C enter stove, are warming up to 570～650 DEG C, and temperature retention time presses the effective dimensions of workpiece
1.8min/mm calculates, and is cooled to room temperature；
One or more being cooled in air cooling, cold, the water-cooled of oil described.
Further, rapid cooling during described S1 quenching, described S2 is cooled to surface temperature 100～150 soon from 585～640 DEG C
DEG C, described S3 hollow is cooled to room temperature；
Described rapid cooling be oil cold, water-cooled, water-cooled combine oil cold in one (complex-shaped part oil is cold).
Preferably, in described S1, after shove charge, at a temperature of 680 DEG C, the time of isothermal presses effective dimensions 0.6min/ of workpiece
Mm calculates, then is warming up to 910～930 DEG C with stove, and temperature retention time is pressed effective dimensions 1.2min/mm of workpiece and calculated, the most oily cold.
It is highly preferred that in described S2, be warming up to 585～600 DEG C, temperature retention time presses effective dimensions 2.4min/mm of workpiece
Calculate, the most oily cold.
Further, in described S3, it is warming up to 570～585 DEG C.
The effective dimensions of workpiece is also known as equivalent size, for round piece, can refer to its diameter, for square cross, refer to it
Thickness, cake part, workpiece etc. with holes, depending on can looking into heat treatment handbook.The present invention relates to what the time measured with "/mm ", is all
Refer to based on the effective dimensions of workpiece.
Wherein, after step S3 is cooled to room temperature, carrying out Rockwell hardness detection, the hardness requirement for small mould is: table
Surface hardness maximum not can exceed that 48HRC, and minimum cannot be below 45HRC；Hardness requirement for middle mould is: case hardness is
Very much not can exceed that 46HRC, minimum cannot be below 43HRC；Hardness requirement for large mold is: case hardness maximum can not surpass
Crossing 43HRC, minimum cannot be below 38HRC.
Large, medium and small the dividing according to model split generally in the art, such as according to " mold materials application manual " of mould
(China Machine Press's second edition), sees P14, P18, P464.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1), the present invention proposes the chemical composition of a kind of new Cr1 series hot die steel (being designated as YD1 Series Die Steel) and joins
Side, compares with Cr1 system (5CrNiMo) hot die steel, and YD1 mould steel reduces carbon content, improves Mn content, improves Cr
Content, is greatly improved Mo content, adds/improve V content, slightly reduces Ni content, with the addition of Nb element, with the addition of
Minor-alloying element Al.Thus improve elevated temperature strength and creep-resistant property and improve toughness etc..
2), the present invention proposes YD1 mould steel and reasonably smelts, heats, forges and conditioning treatment technological specification.Key point
Being to ensure that the macrostructure of steel is fine and close, clarity is high, banding rank is low, structure refinement after normalizing, and after high tempering, carbide is thin
Little and uniform etc..
3), the present invention has worked out Final Heat Treatment Process specification.Its key point is wanted fully for quenching cooling, and tempering eliminates should
Power is wanted fully.Obtained YD1 hardness of steel and hardness are higher, show have higher anti-temper resistance, 560 DEG C of tempering, firmly
Spend higher 3HRC than 5CrNiMoV, higher 7HRC than 5CrNiMo, its impact flexibility 6J higher than 5CrNiMoV, lower 10J than 5CrNiMo, but
Tensile strength height 200MPa.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is several steel 560 DEG C tempering yield strength and tensile strength correlation curve
Fig. 2 is several steel 560 DEG C tempering contraction percentage of area and elongation after fracture correlation curve
Fig. 3 is 560 DEG C of tempering hardnesses of several steel and ballistic work correlation curve
Fig. 4 is sample number 278,300 × 560 side in table 5,630 DEG C of 5h water of 930 DEG C of 2.5h water, and 4% nital is rotten
Erosion, is organized as tempered sorbite, amplifies 400 times.
Fig. 5 is heat (batch) number 20889, φ 25mm, 930 DEG C of water, 4% nital corrosion, and strip of tissue lamellar is martensite,
Amplify 400 times.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.The following stated is only the present invention
Preferred implementation, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, former without departing from the technology of the present invention
On the premise of reason, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
In embodiment, if no special instructions, the technological means used is ordinary skill in the art means.
The composition range such as table 1 below of the Cr1 Series Steel that the present invention proposes.Show the concrete of a certain composition in an embodiment
Example, in the range of table 1 is recorded, the Cr1 series hot die steel prepared has same performance.
Table 1: one-tenth sectional specification:
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of Cr1 series hot die steel, it is characterised in that include step: electric furnace smelting, LF stove refine
(LADLE FURNACE i.e. ladle refining furnace), vacuum outgas (VD), molding, annealing, electroslag remelting (ESR), slow cooling, annealing, forging
Make, normalizing, high tempering, expand hydrogen, slightly add, inspection, finishing, quenched, finishing, inspection, go into operation and obtain module or mould.
By controlling the composition of molten steel, in prepared mould steel, in terms of weight %, comprise C0.43%, Si 0.23%, Mn
0.90%, P0.003%, S0.001%, Cr0.93%, Ni1.41%, Mo1.03%, V0.16%, Al0.020%,
Nb0.03%, the Fe of surplus.Inevitably it is mingled with.
Embodiment 2
The method smelted is with embodiment 1.By controlling the composition of molten steel, in prepared mould steel, in terms of weight %, comprise
C 0.44%, Si 0.36%, Mn 0.88%, P 0.007%, S0.002%, Cr 0.93%, Ni 1.54%, Mo
1.45%, V 0.17%, Al 0.030%, Nb 0.039%, the Fe of surplus and be inevitably mingled with.
Embodiment 3
Preparing mould with embodiment 2YD1 steel heat treatment, specification is: 1000 × 910 × 270.
Technology for Heating Processing is:
S1 quench :≤680 DEG C of shove charges, isothermal at a temperature of being maintained at 680 DEG C, isothermal time press workpiece effective dimensions (under
With) 0.6min/mm calculating, it being warming up to 890～930 DEG C with stove, the retention time presses 1.2min/mm and calculates, cold 60～70 points of oil, cold
But to 150～180 DEG C fuel-displaced after be tempered immediately；
S2 is once tempered :≤280 DEG C of shove charges, and at a temperature of being maintained at 280 DEG C, isothermal time is calculated by 0.6min/mm, (in reality
Under the conditions of testing room, Φ 25mm sample is generally high 10-50 DEG C than industrial condition temperature) it is warming up to 540～640 DEG C, the retention time presses
2.4min/mm calculates, and oil is cold, and to cooling after surface temperature 100～150 DEG C, (type of cooling after tempering can have multiple, lab scale
Optional air cooling, uses the cold or water-cooled of oil under industrial condition), during fuel-displaced air cooling, it is ensured that mould just can carry out the after being cooled to room temperature
Double tempering；
S3 double tempering :≤300 DEG C enter stove, 650 DEG C in laboratory conditions, the retention time presses 1.8min/mm and calculates, cold
But to room temperature (water-cooled can be used under laboratory condition, be air cooling under industrial condition).
Die hardness requires: the hardness requirement for small mould is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 48HRC, minimum
Cannot be below 45HRC；Hardness requirement for middle mould is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 46HRC, and minimum cannot be below
42HRC；Hardness requirement for large mold is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 43HRC, and minimum cannot be below 38HRC；
YD1 different heat treatment technique is shown in Table 2 and table 3 to the impact of mechanical property, and Fig. 5 is shown in by micrograph.
Table 2: heat (batch) number 20889 (embodiment 1 steel), specification 330X560 side, φ 25mm heat treatment test result
In table 2,600 water meters show 600 DEG C of temperatures, then water-cooleds.
Conclusion: 1,930 DEG C of comprehensive mechanical properties of hardening heat are the highest；2, this steel grade anti-tempered performance is higher；3, transverse and longitudinal
Performance difference is little.
In laboratory conditions, the temperature of second time tempering is higher than primary, but the hardness of steel is poor, in conjunction with industry
Operation practical situation, controls temperature for the first time in industrial furnace and is higher than second time tempering, and table 3 below compares hardening heat
930 DEG C, for the first time temperature 560 DEG C and the thermal effectiveness of 570 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
With embodiment 1YD1 steel, embodiment 2YD1 steel, 5CrNiMo steel (heat (batch) number LV30362), 5CrNiMoV steel (heat (batch) number
14356), YC2 (composition is 45Cr2MoV, heat (batch) number 20818), specification is 40 sides, and heat treatment blank is φ 25mm.
In Technology for Heating Processing, quenching and first time temperature are shown in Table 3, and other are with embodiment 3.Wherein tempering 560 for the first time
The mechanics of DEG C heat treatment compares sees Fig. 1 to Fig. 3.
Table 3: several steel 560 DEG C, 570 DEG C of tempering mechanical property contrasts
Conclusion: the highest by temperature steel grade YD1 intensity identical seen from table 3 and hardness, the plasticity index contraction percentage of area and
Elongation after fracture is the highest, and it is best that impact flexibility still reaches 33.5J, i.e. comprehensive mechanical property under hardness HRC48.
Table 4 heat (batch) number 20889YD1 (embodiment 1 steel), heat (batch) number 15388YD1 (embodiment 2 steel), 56CrNiMoV7 and
5CrNiMoV mechanical property contrasts
In table 4,600 empty expression 600 DEG C temperatures for the first time, this experiment is only tempered once, air cooling.
Conclusion:
1, heat (batch) number 15388YD1 (embodiment 2 steel) tempering resistance is strong, 600 DEG C of tempering than 570 DEG C of tempering hardnesses, intensity,
Plasticity and change in toughness are the least, and 630 DEG C of tempering decline than 600 DEG C of tempering hardnesses, intensity, and plasticity and toughness slightly improve；
2, heat (batch) number 15388YD1 (embodiment 2 steel) 860～950 DEG C improves with hardening heat, and hardness, intensity improve, plasticity
Changing less, impact flexibility is slightly decreased；860 DEG C of quenching hardness, low strength quenching solution are insufficient；930 DEG C of quenchings are
Good.
3,550～570 DEG C of hardness, intensity, plasticity of heat (batch) number 20889YD1 (embodiment 1 steel), change in toughness is less；Heat (batch) number
20889YD1 (embodiment 1 steel) and heat (batch) number 15388YD1 (embodiment 2) is all 930 DEG C of quenchings and 570 DEG C of tempering, heat (batch) number
20889YD1 (embodiment 1 steel) the low 2.8HRC of hardness, the low nearly 150MPa of intensity, ballistic work is the highest by 30%.Heat (batch) number 15388YD1 is (real
Execute example 2 steel) relatively heat (batch) number 20889YD1 (embodiment 1 steel) anti-tempering；
4, compared with 5CrNiMoV, YD1 tempering resistance improves 80 DEG C；It is greatly improved with 5CrNiMoV phase specific strength, moulds
Property and impact flexibility slightly improve.
Test example
The quenched performance test of modular belt bulk sample or the stub bar cut by module do the performance test with the quenched sample of stove
The results are shown in Table 5.It is embodiment 1 composition of steel formula manufacture.Wherein Fig. 4 sees in sample number 278 microstructure observation.
Table 5
Conclusion: 1,930 DEG C of quenching its anti-temper resistances of water-cooled are high, and a degree of rising again reaches 620 DEG C.Improve than 5CrNiMo
80～200 DEG C.
When hardness is at HRC36.5～38, vertical and horizontal Impact energy Ak v >=56J, when hardness is at HRC43～43.5,
Vertical and horizontal Impact energy Ak v >=20J, when hardness is at HRC44～45, impact of collision merit Akv >=18J, side knock merit Akv
≥12J.Its comprehensive mechanical property relatively 5CrNiMo increases substantially.
Application Example:
Title: development machine plate finisher is upper and lower, overall dimensions: 1000 × 900 × 260, with embodiment 2 material manufacture.
Quenching-and-tempering process is:
S1:680 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, is warming up to 920 DEG C and is incubated 6 hours, goes out furnace oil cold 60 minutes, to 150～170 DEG C.
S2:280 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, is warming up to 685 DEG C and is incubated 12 hours, goes out furnace oil cold 60 minutes, to 150～180 DEG C of skies
It is cooled to room temperature.
Hardness determination, result is HRC45.5,46.5,47.2 three points.S3: be warming up to 695 DEG C and be incubated 10 hours, sky of coming out of the stove
Being cooled to room temperature, hardness determination, result is HRC44,43.5,43.8 three points.Meet the requirement of HRC42～44.
The result that YD1 applies on hot forged mould
It is service life the twice of 5CrNiMo for the hot-forging die such as development machine.Its major advantage is indeformable, wear-resisting, forging
Part surface size precision is high, without reconditioning.
Substituting 5CrNiMo for car front beam hot-forging die, the two sets preprosthetic life-span for the first time is 4800/5900, the longevity
Life is 1.5 times of 5CrNiMo.Forging's block dimension precision is high, meets the prescription of exported product.
Substitute 5CrNiMo die cost with YD1 and reduce by 30～50%.
Disclosed above or the embodiment that requires less than can make in the range of existing disclosed laboratory facilities or
Implement.All of product described by the preferred embodiment of the present invention and/or method, refer to that those do not violate the present invention expressly
Concept, scope and spirit may be used for this product and/or experimental technique and following step.To in described technique
The all of change of technological means and improvement, belong to the concept of the claims in the present invention definition, scope and spirit.
Claims (9)
1. a Cr1 series hot die steel, it is characterised in that described hot die steel in terms of weight %, comprise C 0.40～
0.48%, Si 0.17～0.40%, Mn 0.80～1.20%, P≤0.020%, S≤0.010%, Cr 0.80～1.60%,
Ni 1.00～1.70%, Mo0.80～1.60%, V0.05～0.30%, Al0.010～0.050%, Nb 0.02～
0.20%, the Fe of surplus.
Cr1 series hot die steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that prepared by following steps:
Electric furnace or converter smelting, LF stove refine, vacuum outgas, molding or continuous casting, annealing, electroslag remelting, slow cooling, annealing, forging,
Normalizing, high tempering, expand hydrogen, slightly add, inspection, slightly add, quenched, finishing, inspection.
3. the alloy mold prepared with Cr1 series hot die steel described in claim 1 or 2.
4. a heat treatment method for alloy mold, described alloy mold is low-alloy steel hammering or mechanical press forging die tool, its feature
Being, with the hot-work die steel making described in claim 1 or 2, its heat treatment includes step:
S1 quenches :≤680 DEG C of shove charges, at a temperature of being maintained at 680 DEG C, then is warming up to 890～930 DEG C of insulations with stove, then cools down
It is tempered immediately after 150～180 DEG C；
S2 is once tempered :≤280 DEG C of shove charges, at a temperature of being maintained at 280 DEG C isothermal by 0.6min/mm calculate, be warming up to 585～
640 DEG C of insulations, cool down after being cooled to surface temperature 100～150 DEG C, it is ensured that mould just can carry out second time and return after being cooled to room temperature
Fire；
S3 double tempering :≤300 DEG C enter stove, is warming up to 570～650 DEG C of insulations, is then cooled to room temperature；
One or more being cooled in air cooling, cold, the water-cooled of oil described.
Heat treatment method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that rapid cooling during described S1 quenching, from 585 in described S2
～640 DEG C be cooled to surface temperature 100～150 DEG C soon, described S3 hollow is cooled to room temperature；
Described rapid cooling be oil cold, water-cooled, water-cooled combine oil cold in one.
Heat treatment method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in described S1, inferior 680 DEG C of temperature after shove charge
The time of temperature presses effective dimensions 0.6min/mm of workpiece and calculates, then is warming up to 910～930 DEG C with stove, and temperature retention time presses workpiece
Effective dimensions 1.2min/mm calculates.
7. according to the heat treatment method described in any one of claim 4～6, it is characterised in that in described S2, be warming up to 585～
600 DEG C, temperature retention time is pressed effective dimensions 2.4min/mm of workpiece and is calculated, the most oily cold.
8. according to the heat treatment method described in any one of claim 4～6, it is characterised in that in described S3, be warming up to 570～
585 DEG C, temperature retention time is pressed effective dimensions 1.8min/mm of workpiece and is calculated.
9. according to the heat treatment method described in any one of claim 4～6, it is characterised in that after step S3 is cooled to room temperature, enter
Row Rockwell hardness detects, and the hardness requirement for small mould is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 48HRC, and minimum can not be low
In 45HRC；Hardness requirement for middle mould is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 46HRC, and minimum cannot be below 43HRC；
Hardness requirement for large mold is: case hardness maximum not can exceed that 43HRC, and minimum cannot be below 38HRC.
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| CN107974623A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-01 | 浙江天基重工机械有限公司 | A kind of plastic die steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN108193134A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-06-22 | 内蒙金属材料研究所 | A kind of coal breaker tup novel low-alloy steel and its heat treatment method |
| CN109576584A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-05 | 上海胜桀精密机械科技有限公司 | A kind of hot die steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109898019A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-18 | 唐山志威科技有限公司 | Big section, high rigidity ZW872 mould steel preparation process |
| CN109957720A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-07-02 | 唐山志威科技有限公司 | A kind of development machine cutter ring ZW552 steel of high rigidity, high tenacity |
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| CN111020152A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-17 | 雷晓芳 | Manufacturing method of hot-work die steel |
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| CN109957720A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-07-02 | 唐山志威科技有限公司 | A kind of development machine cutter ring ZW552 steel of high rigidity, high tenacity |
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| WO2021208181A1 (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-10-21 | 北京科技大学 | Low-temperature, high-toughness, high-temperature, high-intensity and high-hardenability hot mold steel and preparation method therefor |
| US11959158B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2024-04-16 | University Of Science & Technology Beijing | Hot-work die steel with high toughness at low temperatures and high strength at high temperatures and high hardenability and preparation method thereof |
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