CN106208799B - Acoustic energy sampler and apply its sound sensing element - Google Patents
Acoustic energy sampler and apply its sound sensing element Download PDFInfo
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- CN106208799B CN106208799B CN201510216785.0A CN201510216785A CN106208799B CN 106208799 B CN106208799 B CN 106208799B CN 201510216785 A CN201510216785 A CN 201510216785A CN 106208799 B CN106208799 B CN 106208799B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of acoustic energy samplers.The acoustic energy sampler includes：Cavity shell has N number of through-hole on outer wall, and both ends are sealed by elastic film；M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part, is fixed on the outer wall of cavity shell, and N number of through-hole is closed, the pipeline in cavity shell is filled acoustic medium；In sound wave traveling wave communication process, M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part acquire respectively by respective through hole on cavity shell outer wall transfer out Lai vibration signal, generate electric signal output.The present invention forms the different resonant structure of intrinsic frequency by changing the distribution of cavity shell internal diameter and through-hole in device different parts, it realizes subregional combinative resonator, is difficult to take into account efficient and wideband simultaneously so as to overcome the problems, such as that traditional resonant structure frequency response range is narrow.Based on the acoustic energy sampler, the present invention also provides artificial cochlea, hearing aid, sonic transducer and recording probes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronics industry sensor technical field more particularly to a kind of acoustic energy sampler and using it
Artificial cochlea, hearing aid, sonic transducer and recording probe.
Background technology
Acoustic energy is that there are one of most commonly used form of energy for nature.It is flooded with everywhere in daily life all
It such as speaks, the acoustic energy of music and environmental noise form.It is adopted due to lacking the efficient of this low-density energy to sound
Collection technology, acoustic energy are never utilized extensively.
Current acoustic energy acquisition technique is based primarily upon the originals such as piezoelectric effect, electrostatic effect and triboelectrification effect
Reason.But the existing acoustic energy sampler based on different principle is there are defect such as low, the frequency spectrums of operation narrow ranges of sensitivity,
The acoustic energy of a large amount of low-density is dissipated in vain by other approach such as air damping without being converted into electric energy.Therefore, it is traditional
On improve sound collection efficiency by increasing additional acoustic resonance chamber mostly.
But traditional acoustic resonance chamber is not only complicated, but also often resonance bands range is relatively narrow, it is difficult to realize wide
The acoustic energy acquisition of frequency.In addition, it is accompanied by, volumetric specific power density is small, device architecture is complicated, material requirements is high, portable
The series techniques problems such as property is poor, difficult to install.
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
In view of above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of acoustic energy sampler and application its artificial cochlea,
Hearing aid, sonic transducer and recording probe, to realize that wideband, efficient acoustic energy acquire.
(2) technical solution
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of acoustic energy sampler.The acoustic energy sampler packet
It includes：Cavity shell has N number of through-hole on outer wall, and both ends are sealed by elastic film, forms two film windows-sound wave incident
Window and sound wave exit window；M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part, is fixed on the outer wall of the cavity shell, and will be described N number of
Through-hole is closed, and the pipeline in cavity shell is filled liquid or gaseous, and sound wave conduction of velocity is higher than the acoustic medium of air.Its
In, M≤N is formed traveling wave propagation in acoustic medium by the sound wave that sound wave incident window imports, is finally discharged by sound wave exit window,
In traveling wave communication process, M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part acquires respectively to be transferred out by respective through hole on cavity shell outer wall
The vibration signal come generates electric signal output.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of artificial cochlea is provided.The cochlear implant applications the above sound energy
M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of sampler is as its signal acquisition terminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of hearing aid is provided.The hearing aid application the above sound energy acquisition
M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of device is as its signal acquisition terminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of sonic transducer is provided.The sonic transducer application the above sound energy
M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of sampler is as its signal acquisition terminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of recording probe is provided.Recording probe is using the above sound energy
M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of sampler is as its signal acquisition terminal.
(3) advantageous effect
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that acoustic energy sampler of the present invention and having using its sound sensing element
Following advantageous effect：
(1) it is different to form intrinsic frequency in device different parts by changing the distribution of cavity shell internal diameter and through-hole
Resonant structure.The sound wave of different frequency range can form efficient resonance in corresponding region respectively in this way, and realization one is subregional
Combinative resonator, so as to overcome traditional resonant structure frequency response range is narrow to be difficult to take into account efficient and wideband this technology hardly possible simultaneously
Topic.In addition, coordinating the resonance characteristics of cavity by changing the structural parameters of corresponding region film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part, make device
The characteristic frequency of part work is consistent with the resonant frequency in the region, realizes efficient sound collection.Pass through above-mentioned two feature
Combination can be realized efficiently and the acoustic energy collection effect of wideband；
(2) frictional electricity principle of the device based on film of the invention be come work, can power without external power supply
In the case of directly generate with external acoustic waves signal intensity voltage current signal, record so as to fulfill a kind of self-powered wideband
Technology.And traditional recording technology based on capacitance or resistance, be required for externally fed by hold resistance characteristic variation be converted into
Electrical signal.This advantage of the present invention is particularly helpful to reduce power consumption and reduces device size.
Two aspects of summary, achievement of the present invention is in the premise for the basic function for realizing recording and sound energy acquisition
Under, it also has both and saves space, the advantages that collecting efficiency is high, and working band is wide, particularly suitable for human ear hearing aid, collection of energy,
The difference occasion such as noise control.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of four kinds of assembling modes of acoustical-electrical transducer part in acoustic energy sampler of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the course of work of III film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of assembling mode in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to second embodiment of the invention acoustic energy sampler operation principle；
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram according to second embodiment of the invention acoustic energy sampler.
Specific embodiment
In the implementation of the present invention, applicant have observed that the ear of the mankind and animal is a kind of very sensitive sound
Sound energy acquisition organ.Ear collects acoustic energy by external auditory canal, and it is efficiently passed in inner ear by middle ear
Cochlea, and cochlea utilizes special volute structure in the space of very little by the acoustic energy Efficient Conversion in very wide frequency ranges
For electric signal, and it is transmitted to nervous system.It is excellent that it has had both that space availability ratio is high, lower sensitivity limit is low and frequency spectrums of operation is wide etc.
Point.
The present invention has used for reference the cochlear structures of simulation of human body, by a series of tools of volute structure perforated shell over-assemble
A kind of novel acoustic energy sampler has been made in the film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part for having different operating frequency, and based on the sound
Sensor, hearing aid and recording probe has been made in sound energy acquisition device.
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
First, first embodiment
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a kind of acoustic energy sampler is provided.The present embodiment sound
Energy acquisition device includes：Cavity shell has N number of through-hole on outer wall；M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part, is fixed on chamber
On the outer wall of body shell, and N number of through-hole is closed, and the working frequency of the M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part is different.
Wherein, the both ends of cavity shell are sealed by elastic film, form two film windows-sound wave incident window and sound wave exit window, cavity
Liquid is filled in shell or gaseous, sound wave conduction of velocity is higher than the acoustic medium of air, wherein, M≤N, by sound wave incident
The sound wave that window imports forms traveling wave propagation in acoustic medium, is finally discharged by sound wave exit window, in traveling wave communication process, M
A film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part acquire respectively by through-hole on cavity shell outer wall transfer out Lai vibration signal, generate electric signal
Output.
In the present embodiment, the internal diameter of the cavity shell interior conduit is variation, and on cavity shell outer wall through-hole hole
Diameter can also change with internal diameter of the pipeline and be changed, so as to which the different zones in pipeline form the different resonance knot of intrinsic frequency
Structure.The sound wave of different frequency range can form efficient resonance in corresponding region respectively in this way, and realization one is subregional compound common
Shake chamber, so as to overcome traditional resonant structure frequency response range is narrow to be difficult to take into account simultaneously efficiently and wideband this technical barrier.
In addition, it is installed on the characteristic frequency of film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of cavity shell outer wall and the resonance of region
The resonant frequency of structure is consistent, so as to fulfill efficient sound collection.For the present embodiment, along pipe diameter from greatly to
Small direction, the aperture of through-hole is gradually reduced on cavity shell outer wall, the working frequency of corresponding film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part
It is gradually lowered.
Each component part of the present embodiment acoustic energy sampler is described in detail individually below.
In the present embodiment, cavity shell be will the trumpet type pipeline that be made of thermoplastic heat and soften after, coiling and
Into volute structure.Before heating and softening, multiple through-holes of trumpet type pipeline outer wall processing average pore size 0.5mm.Wherein, edge
The direction of pipe diameter from big to small, through-hole aperture is gradually reduced.After volute structure is coiled into, treat that cavity shell cools down
Curing, along the direction of pipe diameter from big to small, installs a series of film-type acoustic-electrics that working frequency reduces successively successively
Switching device.
In other embodiments, cavity shell can also be the uniform straight pipeline of caliber, on the cavity shell outer wall
The aperture of through-hole changes with through-hole along variation of the inner wall of the pipe away from pipe end distance, along inner wall of the pipe from pipe end
More remote through-hole aperture is smaller, can also realize that the different zones in pipeline form the different resonant structure of intrinsic frequency.
In the present invention, different acoustic constructions is designed along tube wall, so as to which the thin-film device installed in tube wall different location can
To there is different frequency responses, edge can spatially expand out wide in range frequency response in this way.
It should be noted that other than the pipeline of above-mentioned volute structure, in audio frequency distribution, ordinary straight pipeline has
With above-mentioned volute structure it is pipeline-like as effect.But relative to simple pipeline, there are two advantages for volute structure：
(1) if straight pipeline, entire acoustic energy sampler will become very elongated, it is difficult to mounted on cochlea etc.
In narrow space, it is limited in actual use；
(2) pipeline being bent in volute structure, which helps more to concentrate acoustic pressure, acts on the outside for posting thin-film device
Tube wall, effect are better than common straight pipeline.
About the cavity shell of volute structure, need to illustrate by the following：
(1) in addition to thermoplastic, other materials can also be used, such as：Metal, plastics, resin, gypsum, paper
To prepare volute structure, other several typical embodiments and corresponding preparation are given below in shell and its composite material etc.
Method；
(2) in addition to the small trumpet type in the big one end in above-mentioned one end, the pipeline of other shapes can also be used, such as：Both ends are big
The uniform straight pipeline of intermediate small shape, caliber prepares volute structure, also, if does not coil in volute structure, only
It is a tubular structure, can equally realizes the present invention；
(3) aperture of through-hole is also not limited to above-mentioned 0.5mm on cavity shell, can be between 100nm~10mm
Selection, the hole of through-hole is in the heart away between 100nm~10mm.
The both ends of cavity shell are sealed by elastic film, form two film windows.Wherein, which can be metal
Or the film of macromolecule material, such as：Rubber film, large biological molecule film, plastic foil, metal foil or above-mentioned film are answered
Film etc. is closed, thickness is between 500nm to 0.5mm.Sound is transferred into and out cavity shell by the elastic film.With elasticity
Film material and thickness are different, and the frequency range of acoustical-electrical transducer part work will be also varied from.
Acoustic medium is perfused in cavity shell.Wherein, which can be that sound wave conduction of velocity is higher than air
Liquid or gas, such as：The mixture of helium gas and water, glycerine or above two or many kinds of substance.And praetersonic conduction of velocity
Acoustic medium can ensure that acoustic energy can efficiently be transmitted to corresponding resonance zone, the wideband so as to fulfill efficient
Energy acquisition.
In the present embodiment, on cavity shell outer wall after fixed sound power conversion device, the glycerin/water filled in its inner cavity is mixed
Solution is closed, and the elasticity of plastics film that thickness is 10 μm is coverd at pipeline tapping.During work, sound wave by larger open end modeling
Expect that elastic film imports.
Herein it should be noted that importing sound wave from large and small different openend has different technique effects.From big opening
It holds into being conducive to more collect sound wave；Enter the response for helping to enhance high frequency sound wave from small openend.
For film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part, it can also be corresponded to a through-hole on respective chamber shell
Multiple through-holes in a region on cavity shell.Each film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part includes：Theca externa and theca interna.This two
In point, the theca interna of one of them is continuous, and the through-hole on cavity shell outer wall is closed, wherein another upper with small
Hole.Also, the part that the theca externa and theca interna contact with each other is not by being located at the material preparation of friction electrode sequence different location, and not
It can be simultaneously conductive material, can be movable relatively between the two.
In the present embodiment, the assembling mode of acoustical-electrical transducer part is as shown in the assembling mode I in Fig. 1.Theca interna fits in
The outside of cavity shell, is the macromolecule membrane for being coated with conductive material on one side, and conductive material is towards cavity shell.Tool
For body, theca interna 220 is made by depositing the aluminium of 50nm thickness on the polytetrafluoroethylene film of 0.05mm thickness.Divide on theca externa
Cloth many micro-through-holes, is to be coated with conductive material by perforated substrate (thin plate or film) to form.The aperture of these apertures is
100nm~10mm, in the heart away from for 100nm~10m, thickness is 10 μm~10mm in hole.Specifically, perforated substrate is thick for 0.2mm
Plastic-substrates, above coat 100nm thickness Copper thin film as conductive material.
Wherein, the macromolecule membrane of theca interna and the conductive material of theca externa contact with each other, and the two is by being located at friction electricity
The material preparation of pole sequence different location.Also, when assembling, there can be gap between theca externa and theca interna, can also not be free
Gap, if there is gap, gap is smaller than 20 μm.
In the present embodiment, the hole of aperture in the stretching elasticity and theca externa by changing macromolecule membrane on theca interna
Diameter adjusts the response frequency f of acoustical-electrical transducer part.Generally speaking, increase with the stretching elasticity of macromolecule membrane, acoustic-electric conversion
The response frequency f of device increases, with the aperture increases of aperture on perforated substrate, the model of the response frequency f of acoustical-electrical transducer part
It encloses and broadens, and past high-frequency mobile.
In the present invention, for multiple acoustical-electrical transducer parts of whole region or adjacent area, on the inside of inner membrance
Layer can be connected as a single entity, alternatively, the theca externa on the outside of it can be connected as a single entity.And in the present embodiment, adjacent area is multiple
Theca interna on the inside of acoustical-electrical transducer part is connected.
For each piece of theca interna, surrounding is fixed, and film thickness is between 1 μm~100 μm, and area is in 0.5mm2
~50cm2Between, membrane tension between 0Pa~100kPa, can each other thickness it is identical can also each other thickness it is different, be total to
Vibration frequency is between 20kHz to 10000kHz.It is different with the tension on each zonule and film thickness, local resonance frequency
Rate is different.On the other hand, different with the thickness and pore structure of theca externa part, local resonance frequency is also different.The two is total to
Same-action, the film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part resonant frequency for causing cavity shell surface different parts are different.
It should be noted that in addition in Fig. 1 shown in assembling mode I other than, the present invention can also use various other modes
Acoustical-electrical transducer part：
(1) assembling mode II in Fig. 1 is please referred to, theca interna is equally the macromolecule membrane of a face coated with conductive material, and
And its macromolecule membrane is towards cavity shell.Theca externa is the perforated substrate (thin plate or film) for being dispersed with many micro-through-holes.
Also, conductive material is coated on perforated substrate, above-mentioned aperture also extends through the conductive material.
Wherein, the conductive material of theca interna and the perforated substrate of theca externa contact with each other, and the two is by being located at friction electrode
The material preparation of sequence different location.In the conductive material of theca interna and the mutual friction process of the perforated substrate of theca externa, by interior
The conductive material of film layer and the conductive material of theca externa export electric signal jointly.
(2) assembling mode III in Fig. 1 is please referred to, there is the aperture of multiple through-holes on respective chamber shell on theca interna,
It is the triboelectrification material of a face coated with conductive material, also, the conductive material on the inside of it is towards cavity shell.Theca externa is packet
The macromolecule membrane of conductive material is covered, surface is not distributed aperture.
Wherein, the triboelectrification material of theca interna and the conductive material of theca externa contact with each other, and the two is by being located at friction
The material preparation of electrode sequence different location.In the mutual friction process of conductive material of the triboelectrification material and theca externa of theca interna
In, electric signal is exported by the conductive material of theca interna and the conductive material of theca externa jointly.
(3) assembling mode IV in Fig. 1 is please referred to, theca interna is the single layer structure being constructed from a material that be electrically conducting, directly with snail
Shell structure perforated shell assembles for substrate.It particularly to be noted that have on the conductive material on corresponding volute structure
Multiple through-holes aperture.Theca externa is the macromolecule membrane of coated with conductive material, and surface is not distributed aperture.
Wherein, the conductive material of theca interna and the macromolecule membrane of theca externa contact with each other, and the two is by being located at friction electricity
The material preparation of pole sequence different location.In the conductive material of theca interna and the mutual friction process of the macromolecule membrane of theca externa,
Electric signal is exported by the conductive material of theca interna and the conductive material of theca externa jointly.
It should be noted that in the acoustical-electrical transducer part of above-mentioned three kinds of modes, about small aperture, the tune of response frequency
The contents such as whole, acoustical-electrical transducer part operation principle, the content of by the agency of is completely the same above with the present embodiment, herein not
Explanation is repeated again.
For the present embodiment acoustic energy sampler, sound wave enters after the cavity shell internal pipeline of volute structure,
Along pipe transmmision, the pressure change of near-wall can be constantly caused in communication process.At the different location of pipeline, acoustics knot
Structure is different, and resonant structure is caused also to differ, when certain frequency component of incident acoustic wave and the resonant frequency of a pipeline part
When identical, pressure amplitude at tube wall will be especially big, and the acoustical-electrical transducer part so as to push herein generates larger defeated
Go out, realize the high efficiency energy acquisition in different location different frequency sound wave.
The course of work of film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part is hereafter introduced by taking assembling mode I in Fig. 1 as an example.As shown in Fig. 2,
Inside acoustical-electrical transducer part, under sound wave driving, theca externa and theca interna constantly friction or collision, while charge signal is generated,
Realize electric energy output.Wherein, in the macromolecule membrane contact area maximum of the conductive material of theca externa and theca interna, due to two
Kind material is different to the affinity of electronics, and more electronics are transferred to from conductive material in macromolecule membrane, lead to conductive material
Side is positively charged, and macromolecule membrane side is negatively charged.Next, acoustic pressure effect can lead to the conductive material and theca interna of theca externa
Macromolecule membrane separation, and cause the variation of internal eelctric dipole, so as to drive electronics from the conduction material at the macromolecule membrane back side
Material flows to the conductive material of theca externa via external loading, until the conductive material of theca externa and the macromolecule membrane of theca interna
Separating degree reaches maximum.Then, the conductive material of theca externa and the macromolecule membrane of theca interna resume contacts, and therewith again
Cause the reverse flow of electronics.So in cycles, periodic electric current output is formed on external loading.
Find that, for the acoustic energy sampler of the present embodiment, the operating frequency range of device can reach via test
20Hz~4000Hz.Under the acoustic condition of 114dB, open-circuit voltage reaches 65V, and short circuit current reaches 6.8mA/m2。
2nd, second embodiment
In the present embodiment, the resin material spiral case pipeline of only one end open is prepared by 3D printing.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to second embodiment of the invention acoustic energy sampler operation principle.Snail as shown in Figure 3
There are two sub- lumens side by side for package road nested inside.Inside between sub- lumen is separated by continuous whole tube wall, is only existed
Spiral case pipe end is connected by inner aperture, this two sub- lumens form the cavity shell of acoustic energy sampler.Son
One section of tube wall is shared on the outside of lumen with entire spiral case pipeline, wall thickness 2mm, there are many logical of average pore size 1mm for distribution thereon
Hole.
Along the direction of spiral case spiral pipeline formula from inside to outside, through-hole aperture gradually increases.One is installed in volute outer wall
Series thin film type acoustical-electrical transducer part, working frequency reduce successively along the direction of spiral case spiral pipeline formula from inside to outside.It is thin
The assembling mode of membranous type acoustical-electrical transducer part is as shown in the assembling mode II in Fig. 1, by the stretching elasticity for changing theca externa
And the response frequency of the aperture adjustment device of thin porous layer electrode.Wherein, theca interna passes through the porous copper foil in 0.02mm thickness
It is prepared by the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of upper cladding 100nm thickness；The aluminium that theca externa passes through the deposition 50nm thickness on the rubber film of 0.05mm thickness
It is made.Then, water is filled in pipeline, and the rubber film that thickness is 10 μm is coverd at pipeline tapping.
As shown in figure 3, one of window of sound wave from openend is incident, passed along the sub- lumen filled with acoustic medium
It broadcasts, by the connection aperture at cupula cochleae, into another sub- lumen, and finally discharges acoustic pressure from another window of openend.
Sound wave is longitudinal wave, as sound wave conducts, successively sequentially causes the convergent-divergent of local acoustic medium in sub- lumen, so as to by more
Through-hole promotion on the shell of hole is attached to the film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part on porous outer wall.Film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part is in sound wave
Driving under, polytetrafluoroethylene ethylene layer is periodically detached with aluminium layer and is contacted.Wherein, in the metal layer of porous electrode and macromolecule layer
During contact area maximum, since two kinds of materials are different to the affinity of electronics, more electronics are transferred to macromolecule from metal layer
In layer, lead to metal side positive charge, macromolecule side is negatively charged.Next, acoustic pressure effect can lead to porous electrode and high score
Sub- thin film separation, and cause the variation of internal eelctric dipole, so as to drive electronics from the back electrode at the macromolecule membrane back side, via outer
Section load flows to the metal layer of porous electrode, until porous electrode and macromolecule membrane separating degree reach maximum.Then, porous electricity
The metal layer of pole resumes contacts again with macromolecule layer, and causes the reverse flow of electronics therewith.So in cycles, outside
Periodic electric current output is formed on section load.
Test finds that the acoustic energy sampler can be exported under conditions of powering without external power supply with external sound
Voice frequency and the electric signal of amplitude variation.The logarithm of shorted devices electric current is directly proportional to sound pressure level, the variation frequency of short circuit current
Rate is consistent with external acoustic waves.Under the conditions of the acoustic pressure of 50dB, apparent electric signal can also be exported.Response device frequency range can
Up to 20Hz~6500Hz, sound can be easily reduced to by existing electronic surveying and signal processing technology and broadcast
It puts, can pop one's head in as a kind of confession electric sound-recording of wideband.
3rd, 3rd embodiment
The present embodiment acoustic energy sampler is similarly volute structure on the whole.It, should unlike second embodiment
Spiral case pipeline is after being heated and softened by the big intermediate small thermoplastic pipeline that is open, and side by side, and coiled coil forms for doubling.
The outer wall distribution of the thermoplastic pipeline there are many average pore size 0.6mm through-hole, along pipe diameter from big
To small direction, through-hole aperture is gradually reduced.After spiral case cooling and solidifying, along the direction of pipe diameter from big to small, successively
Install a series of film-type acoustical-electrical transducer parts that working frequency also reduces successively.
In the present embodiment, the assembling mode of acoustical-electrical transducer part is as shown in the assembling mode II in Fig. 1.Wherein, by changing
Become the stretching elasticity of theca interna and the response frequency of the aperture adjustment device of theca externa.During assembling, theca interna and theca externa
Between can have gap, can also not have gap, if there is gap, gap is smaller than 20 μm.Wherein, theca externa by
It is prepared by the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that 100nm thickness is coated on the porous copper foil of 0.02mm thickness；Theca interna is thin by the rubber in 0.05mm thickness
The aluminium that 50nm thickness is deposited on film is made.Then, the industrial machine oil filled in pipeline, and thickness is coverd with as 5 μ at pipeline tapping
The copper foil of m.During work, sound wave is imported by the film of larger openend.
It for the acoustic energy sampler of the present embodiment, is found via test, the operating frequency range of device can reach
50Hz~6000Hz.Under the acoustic condition of 114dB, open-circuit voltage reaches 53V, and short circuit current reaches 4.8mA/m2.
4th, fourth embodiment
In the present embodiment, the dry spiral case pipeline for being prepared into only one end open is poured by paper pulp.Inside spiral case pipeline
It is nested that there are two sub- lumens side by side.Inside between sub- lumen is separated by continuous whole tube wall, only in volute structure
End is connected by inner aperture.On the outside of sub- lumen one section of tube wall, wall thickness are shared with the porous shell of entire volute structure
For 1.5mm, there are many through-holes of average pore size 1mm for distribution thereon.Along the direction of volute structure spiral pipeline formula from inside to outside,
Through-hole aperture gradually increases.This two sub- lumens form the cavity shell of acoustic energy sampler.
As shown in the assembling mode IV in attached drawing 1, the aluminium of volute outer wall cladding 50nm is as theca interna.It is glued in volute outer wall
A series of theca externa of different elasticities is pasted, by the direction of spiral case mouth and cupula cochleae, theca externa is gradually tightened.Wherein, theca externa leads to
Cross the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) preparation that 100nm thickness is coated in the aluminium film of 0.01mm thickness.Then, helium is filled in spiral case with, and in pipeline
Opening covers with the polyvinyl chloride film that thickness is 40 μm.Wherein, the polyvinyl chloride film of the opening of two sub- lumens each other every
It opens.
It for the acoustic energy sampler of the present embodiment, is found via test, the operating frequency range of device can reach
80Hz~5000Hz.Under the acoustic condition of 114dB, open-circuit voltage reaches 38V, and short circuit current reaches 4.6mA/m2。
5th, the 5th embodiment
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram according to fifth embodiment of the invention acoustic energy sampler.As shown in figure 4, this reality
It applies in example, the aluminum spiral case pipeline of only one end open is prepared by cast molding.There are two simultaneously for spiral case pipeline nested inside
The sub- lumen of row.Inside is separated by continuous whole tube wall between sub- lumen, is only passed through in the end of spiral case pipeline internal small
Hole connects.One section of tube wall is shared on the outside of sub- lumen with entire spiral case, wall thickness 0.3mm, there are many average pore sizes for distribution thereon
The through-hole of 0.8mm.Along the direction of spiral case spiral pipeline formula from inside to outside, through-hole aperture gradually increases.
As shown in the assembling mode III in attached drawing 1, volute outer wall coats the Kynoar of 150nm.It is glued in volute outer wall
A series of theca externa of different elasticities is pasted, by the direction of spiral case mouth and cupula cochleae, theca externa is gradually tightened.Wherein, theca externa leads to
The copper for crossing the cladding 100nm thickness on the rubber film of 0.01mm thickness is standby.Then, helium is filled in spiral case with, and in pipeline tapping
Cover with the polyvinylidene difluoride film that thickness is 20 μm in place.Wherein, the polyvinylidene difluoride film of two sub- lumen openings is separated from each other.
For the acoustic energy sampler of the present embodiment, find that the operating frequency range of integral device can via test
To reach 20Hz~6000Hz.Under the acoustic condition of 114dB, open-circuit voltage reaches 43V, and short circuit current reaches 3.8mA/m2。
6th, sixth embodiment
In the 6th exemplary embodiment of the present invention, additionally provide a kind of using the above sound energy acquisition device
Artificial cochlea.
The artificial cochlea is mounted in auricle, by N number of film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of acoustic energy sampler come structure
Into its signal acquisition terminal.The film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of different location, respectively for the sonic stimulation of different frequency, and generates
The electric signal of different frequency.As artificial cochlear implant by suitable electric energy it is modulated after reach cochlea internal electrode system
Row, along the i-coch remaining acoustic fibers of the electrode stimulating being distributed in sequence.Electroacoustic information reaches greatly along Auditory Pathway
Brain is compiled.Subregional sound collection structure and electric signal output are matched particularly suitable for the functional characteristics with auricularis.
, will more there be outstanding advantage in the characteristics of relatively current artificial cochlea's technology, this technology is without externally fed.
7th, the 7th embodiment
In the 7th exemplary embodiment of the present invention, additionally provide a kind of using the above sound energy acquisition device
Hearing aid.
In this hearing aid, hearing aid is formed by N number of film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of acoustic energy sampler
Signal acquisition terminal.
Since the present embodiment acoustic energy sampler has the spy that acoustic energy acquisition can be completed without externally fed
Point, therefore the power consumption of hearing aid collection terminal can be saved, and the amplification end to signal is only needed, which to provide externally fed, can improve electricity
The pond service life.Simultaneously because hearing aid collection terminal need not power, electric power system is eliminated, helps to reduce volume.
8th, the 8th embodiment
In the 8th exemplary embodiment of the present invention, additionally provide a kind of using the above sound energy acquisition device
Sonic transducer.In the sonic transducer, sonic transducer is formed by N number of film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of acoustic energy sampler
Signal acquisition terminal.
9th, the 9th embodiment
In the 9th exemplary embodiment of the present invention, additionally provide a kind of using the above sound energy acquisition device
Recording probe.
In recording probe, visited by N number of film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of acoustic energy sampler to form recording
The signal acquisition terminal of head.
It pops one's head in, can be generated with outer in the case where not needing to external power supply and additionally powering for the recording of the present embodiment
The charge signal of portion's frequency of sound wave and amplitude size variation, the charge signal can be recorded by conventional electrical measuring apparatus,
And by existing signal processing technology, it is reduced to voice signal.
Compared with traditional recording technology, the recording probe in the present embodiment does not need to additionally power and can result from existing skill
The charge signal of art compatibility.And response frequency is wide, high sensitivity, sound-reducing reproduction are good, and it is living particularly suitable for open air
Dynamic, stage recording, the occasions such as field study, underwater sound wave acquisition.
So far, attached drawing is had been combined the present embodiment is described in detail.According to above description, those skilled in the art
There should be clear understanding to acoustic energy sampler of the present invention and using its sound sensing element.
It should be noted that in attached drawing or specification description, similar or identical part all uses identical figure number.It is attached
The realization method for not being painted or describing in figure is form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in technical field.It is in addition, above-mentioned right
The definition of each element and method is not limited in various concrete structures, shape or the mode mentioned in embodiment, and this field is common
Technical staff simply can be changed or replaced to it, such as：
(1) the coiled coil mode of pipeline can also use fold side by side, square plate around etc. forms substitute, be suitble to it is different
Application environment；
(2) self-powered film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part can use traditional film-type recording probe for needing externally fed
It replaces, for power consumption occasion of less demanding, the advantageous effects for retaining high-efficient wide-frequency in this way can be continued, and play
The characteristics of prior art is mature and stable；
(3) demonstration of the parameter comprising particular value can be provided herein, it is to be understood that parameter is corresponding without being definitely equal to
Value, but can be similar to be worth accordingly in acceptable error margin or design constraint；
(4) direction term mentioned in embodiment, such as " on ", " under ", "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc. are only ginsengs
Examine the direction of attached drawing.Therefore, the direction term used is intended to be illustrative and not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.
In conclusion the present invention provides a kind of acoustic energy sampler, by the distribution for changing through-hole on pipeline
And the structural parameters of corresponding region film-type acoustic energy sampler, it is different that intrinsic frequency can be formed in different parts
Resonant structure, the acoustic energy acquisition of wideband so as to fulfill efficient.The acoustic energy sampler has saving space simultaneously,
The advantages that collecting efficiency is high, before there is wide application in fields such as artificial cochlea, hearing aid, sonic transducer and recording probes
Scape.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect further in detail
It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (21)
1. a kind of acoustic energy sampler, which is characterized in that including：
Cavity shell has N number of through-hole on outer wall, and both ends are sealed by elastic film, forms two film windows-sound wave incident
Window and sound wave exit window；
M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part, is fixed on the outer wall of the cavity shell, and N number of through-hole is closed, chamber
Pipeline in body shell is filled liquid or gaseous, and sound wave conduction of velocity is higher than the acoustic medium of air；
Wherein, traveling wave propagation is formed in acoustic medium by the sound wave that sound wave incident window imports, is finally discharged by sound wave exit window,
In traveling wave communication process, M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part acquires respectively to be transferred out by respective through hole on cavity shell outer wall
The vibration signal come generates electric signal output；
Wherein, the different zones of the cavity shell interior conduit form the different resonant structure of intrinsic frequency.
2. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the internal diameter of the cavity shell interior conduit
It is to change, the aperture of through-hole changes with internal diameter of the pipeline and changed on the cavity shell outer wall；Alternatively,
The cavity shell interior conduit is the uniform straight pipeline of caliber, and the aperture of through-hole is with through-hole on the cavity shell outer wall
Change along variation of the inner wall of the pipe away from pipe end distance；
So as to which the different zones in pipeline form the different resonant structure of intrinsic frequency.
3. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cavity shell is the loudspeaker of coiling
The volute structure that shape pipeline is formed；
Alternatively, the spiral case knot that the cavity shell is formed for the shape pipeline or the uniform pipeline of caliber of big at both ends and small in middle
Structure.
4. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 2, which is characterized in that be installed on the film of cavity shell outer wall
The characteristic frequency of type acoustical-electrical transducer part is consistent with the resonant frequency of the resonant structure of region.
5. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 2, which is characterized in that along the side of pipe diameter from big to small
To the aperture of through-hole is gradually reduced on cavity shell outer wall, and the working frequency of corresponding film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part is also gradual
It reduces.
6. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aperture of the through-hole is between 100nm
Between~10mm, hole is in the heart away between 100nm~10mm.
7. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cavity shell is will be by thermoplasticity
After the trumpet type pipeline that plastics are formed heats and softens, the volute structure that is coiled to form.
8. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the acoustic energy sampler is whole
Upper is a spiral case pipeline；
In the spiral case pipeline nested inside there are two sub- lumen side by side, the inside between two sub- lumens passes through continuous whole pipe
Wall separates, and is only connected in spiral case pipe end by inner aperture, and described two sub- lumens form acoustic energy sampler
Cavity shell.
9. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the spiral case pipeline is：
It is prepared by 3D printing；
Alternatively, it is prepared by cast molding；
Alternatively, after being heated and softened by the big intermediate small thermoplastic pipeline that is open, side by side, and coiled coil forms for doubling.
10. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the material of the spiral case pipeline is modeling
Material, resin, metal or paper pulp.
11. acoustic energy sampler according to any one of claim 1 to 10, which is characterized in that the film-type
Acoustical-electrical transducer part is self-powered or the film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part powered outside.
12. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part
For self-powered film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part, including：Theca externa and theca interna；
One of the theca externa and theca interna are continuous, and the through-hole on cavity shell outer wall are closed, wherein on another
Aperture is distributed with；
The part that theca externa and theca interna contact with each other is asynchronously by being located at the material preparation of friction electrode sequence different location
Conductive material can be movable relatively between the two.
13. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 12, which is characterized in that for whole region or part area
Multiple acoustical-electrical transducer parts in domain, theca interna or theca externa are connected as a single entity.
14. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 12, which is characterized in that one kind in the following manner or
Two kinds adjust the working frequency of film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part：
(1) the stretching elasticity of one of continuous theca externa and theca interna is adjusted；
(2) adjustment has the aperture of aperture on foraminate theca externa or theca interna.
15. acoustic energy sampler according to claim 12, which is characterized in that the film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part
It is assembled using the assembling mode of one of：
(1) theca interna is the continuous film for being coated with conductive material on one side, and conductive material is towards cavity shell；Theca externa by
Perforated substrate is coated with conductive material composition；Wherein, the continuous film of theca interna and the conductive material of theca externa contact with each other, and two
Person is the material preparation by being located at friction electrode sequence different location；
(2) theca interna is the continuous film for being coated with conductive material on one side, and continuous film is towards cavity shell；Theca externa by
Perforated substrate is coated with conductive material composition；Wherein, the conductive material of theca interna and the perforated substrate of theca externa contact with each other, and two
Person is the material preparation by being located at friction electrode sequence different location；
(3) there is the aperture of multiple through-holes on respective chamber shell, one bread covers the triboelectrification of conductive material on theca interna
Material, and conductive material is towards cavity shell；Theca externa is the continuous film of coated with conductive material；Wherein, theca interna rubs
The conductive material for having wiped electric material and theca externa contacts with each other, and the two is the material system by being located at friction electrode sequence different location
It is standby；
(4) theca interna is the single layer structure being constructed from a material that be electrically conducting, and is had on the conductive material multiple logical on corresponding volute structure
The aperture in hole；Theca externa is the continuous film of coated with conductive material；Wherein, the conductive material of theca interna and theca externa is continuous thin
Film contacts with each other, and the two is the material preparation by being located at friction electrode sequence different location.
16. acoustic energy sampler according to any one of claim 1 to 10, which is characterized in that seal cavity pipe
The material of the elastic film at shell both ends is the compound of rubber film, large biological molecule film, plastic foil, metal foil or above-mentioned film
Film, thickness is between 500nm to 0.5mm.
17. acoustic energy sampler according to any one of claim 1 to 10, which is characterized in that in cavity shell
Mixture of the acoustic medium of pipeline filling for one or more compositions in following material：Helium gas and water, glycerine.
18. a kind of artificial cochlea, which is characterized in that using the acoustic energy collector described in any one of claim 1 to 17
Part；
Wherein, by signal acquisition terminal of the M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of acoustic energy sampler as the artificial cochlea.
19. a kind of hearing aid, which is characterized in that using the acoustic energy sampler described in any one of claim 1 to 17；
Wherein, by signal acquisition terminal of the M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of acoustic energy sampler as the hearing aid.
20. a kind of sonic transducer, which is characterized in that using the acoustic energy collector described in any one of claim 1 to 17
Part；
Wherein, by signal acquisition terminal of the M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of acoustic energy sampler as the sonic transducer.
21. a kind of recording probe, which is characterized in that using the acoustic energy collector described in any one of claim 1 to 17
Part；
Wherein, the signal acquisition terminal popped one's head in by M film-type acoustical-electrical transducer part of acoustic energy sampler as the recording.
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| CN110880311B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2023-08-15 | 湖南大学 | Underwater sub-wavelength space coiling type acoustic metamaterial |
| CN109995214B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2024-02-23 | 南京邮电大学 | Acoustic energy conversion device based on electromagnetic induction |
| IT202100000293A1 (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-08 | St Microelectronics Srl | DEVICE AND METHOD OF DETECTING A CHANGE IN THE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT FOR AN ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE |
| CN116547988A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-08-04 | 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 | Microphone |
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| JP4949666B2 (en) * | 2004-11-11 | 2012-06-13 | 浩平 速水 | Piezoelectric element, sound power generator and vibration power generator |
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| EP2138998A2 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-30 | Tsing Hua University | Thermoacoustic device comprising a carbon nanotube structure |
| CN201639508U (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-11-17 | 东南大学 | Noise electricity generator |
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