CN106200026B - Leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide - Google Patents
Leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
- G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
Abstract
The invention discloses a leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode one-way turning waveguide with controllable arbitrary direction, which comprises an optical input port (1), an optical output port (2), two magneto-optical material layers (3, 4), a dielectric layer (5), four wave absorbing layers (6, 7, 8, 9) and two bias magnetic fields in opposite directions, wherein the direction is controllable; the magneto-optical material layers (3 and 4) and the medium layer (5) are a three-layer structure optical waveguide, the three-layer structure is in a bent shape at any angle, two bias magnetic fields in opposite directions are arranged at the magneto-optical material layers (3 and 4), and the directions are controllable; a gap between the magneto-optical material layers (3 and 4) is a medium layer (5), a port (1) of the one-way turn waveguide is an optical input port, and a port (2) of the one-way turn waveguide is an optical output port; the dielectric layer (5) is in a ring shape at the bent part of the waveguide; the surfaces of the magneto-optical material layer and the medium layer (5) are magnetic surface fast waves. The invention has simple structure and high transmission efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale optical path integration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magneto-optical material, a surface wave and a photodiode, in particular to a controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide with a low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode.
Background
A corner waveguide is an optical device for use as a conversion optical path, and plays an important role in an optical waveguide device. Bends in the optical waveguide are necessary due to the need for changes in the direction of propagation of the light beam in the optical waveguide, displacement of the transmission axis of the light beam, and reduction in the volume of the device. The waveguide bending causes the distribution of optical characteristics of the waveguide material in the light transmission direction to change, so that the corner waveguide has high loss. There has been extensive research in the field of curve waveguides, of which arc turn type curve waveguides are the main subject of current research in this regard. Even with this type of waveguide, the bending and transition losses present still severely limit the transmission efficiency. In addition, structural defects and the like can also cause other losses to the waveguide.
A photodiode and an isolator are optical devices that allow light to travel in only one direction, and are used to prevent unwanted optical feedback. The main element of conventional photodiodes and isolators is a faraday rotator, which employs the faraday effect (magneto-optical effect) as its operating principle. The conventional faraday isolator is composed of a polarizer, a faraday rotator and an analyzer, and the device has a complex structure and is generally applied to a free-space optical system. For integrated optical circuits, integrated optical devices such as optical fibers or waveguides are non-polarization maintaining systems, which cause loss of polarization angle, and thus are not suitable for faraday isolators.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide which is simple and effective in structure, low in loss, high in optical transmission efficiency, small in size and convenient to integrate.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide comprises an optical input port 1, an optical output port 2, two magneto- optical material layers 3 and 4, a medium layer 5, four wave absorbing layers 6, 7, 8 and 9 and two bias magnetic fields in opposite directions, and the direction is controllable; the magneto- optical material layers 3 and 4 and the medium layer 5 are optical waveguides with a three-layer structure, the three-layer structure is bent at any angle, two bias magnetic fields with opposite directions are arranged at the magneto- optical material layers 3 and 4, and the directions are controllable; a gap between the magneto- optical material layers 3 and 4 is a medium layer 5, a port 1 of the one-way turn waveguide is an optical input port, and a port 2 of the one-way turn waveguide is an optical output port; the dielectric layer 5 is in a ring shape at the bent part of the waveguide; the surfaces of the magneto-optical material layer and the medium layer 5 are magnetic surface fast waves.
The photodiode and isolator are formed by layers 3, 4 of magneto-optical material and a dielectric layer 5.
The magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth element doped garnet, rare earth-transition metal alloy film and other materials.
The magneto- optical material layers 3 and 4 and the medium layer 5 are connected with the optical input port 1 and the optical output port 2 through any angle bending.
The dielectric layer is vacuum, air, silicon dioxide or plastic with transparent working wave.
The three-layer structure is a straight structure.
The arbitrary angle bending shape is a 30-degree bending shape, a 45-degree bending shape, a 60-degree bending shape, a 90-degree bending shape, a 120-degree bending shape, a 135-degree bending shape, a 150-degree bending shape or a 180-degree bending shape.
The wave-absorbing layers 6, 7, 8 and 9 are made of the same or different wave-absorbing materials; the wave-absorbing material is polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, a carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, a graphite thermoplastic material mixture, a boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, a graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, a fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyarylsulfone or polyethyleneimine.
The distances between the wave absorbing layers 6, 7, 8 and 9 and the surface of the flat waveguide are 1/4-1/2 wavelengths respectively; the thicknesses of the wave absorbing layers 6, 7, 8 and 9 are not less than 1/4 wavelengths respectively.
The bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet with controllable current direction, and the permanent magnet can rotate; the direction-controllable bend waveguide or the one-way bend waveguide is composed of magneto-optical gap waveguides; the working mode of the one-way turning waveguide is a TE mode.
The invention is suitable for large-scale optical path integration and has wide application prospect. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following positive effects.
1. Simple structure and convenient realization.
2. Small volume and convenient integration.
3. The magnetic surface wave has the immune characteristic to structural defects, has ultra-low loss and ultra-high transmission efficiency, and is widely applied to the design of various optical waveguides.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide.
In the figure: optical input port 1 optical output port 2 first magneto-optical material layer 3 second magneto-optical material layer 4 dielectric layer 5 first wave absorbing layer 6 second wave absorbing layer 7 second wave absorbing layer 8 second wave absorbing layer 9 bias magnetic field [ < H > ]0(external) biasingMagnetic field ^ H0Thickness w of dielectric layer and distance w between wave-absorbing layer and waveguide1The inner arc radius of the ring r the outer arc radius of the ring is then r + w.
Fig. 2 is a first working principle diagram of the conduction of a non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide.
Fig. 3 is a second working principle diagram of the conduction of a non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide.
Fig. 4 is a graph of forward and reverse transmission efficiency of a magneto-optical air gap one-way bend waveguide as a function of optical wave frequency for a first embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a graph of forward and reverse transmission efficiency of a magneto-optical air gap one-way bend waveguide as a function of optical wave frequency for a second embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a graph of forward and reverse transmission efficiency of a magneto-optical air gap one-way bend waveguide as a function of optical wave frequency for a third embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a graph of forward and reverse transmission efficiency of a magneto-optical air gap one-way bend waveguide as a function of optical wave frequency for a fourth embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide comprises an optical input port 1, an optical output port 2, a first magneto-optical material layer 3, a second magneto-optical material layer 4, a medium layer 5, a first wave absorbing layer 6, a second wave absorbing layer 7, a third wave absorbing layer 8, a fourth wave absorbing layer 9 and two bias magnetic fields H in opposite directions0(ii) a The unidirectional turning waveguide is composed of magneto-optical gap waveguides, the working mode of the unidirectional turning waveguide is a TE mode, the first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4 and the medium layer 5 are three-layer structured optical waveguides, the optical waveguides can transmit optical signals in a unidirectional mode and are used as an optical diode and an isolator, and the optical diode and the isolator are composed of the first magneto-optical material layer 3, the second magneto-optical material layer 4 and the medium layer 5. The bend angle may be between 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and the bend angle of the one-way bend waveguide may also be: an angle between 0 degrees and 180 degrees; for example: 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees150 degrees and 180 degrees. Wherein the one-way turning angle of fig. 1(a) is 30 degrees, the one-way turning angle of fig. 1(b) is 45 degrees, the one-way turning angle of fig. 1(c) is 60 degrees, the one-way turning angle of fig. 1(d), (i) is 90 degrees, the one-way turning angle of fig. 1(e) is 120 degrees, the one-way turning angle of fig. 1(f) is 135 degrees, the one-way turning angle of fig. 1(g) is 150 degrees, and the one-way turning angle of fig. 1(h) is 180 degrees. The three-layer structure is a straight waveguide structure, and the three-layer structure is a curved shape with any angle, and the curved shape with any angle is a circular arc shape (arc turning type turning waveguide), for example, when the turning angle is 45 degrees, the curved shape is one eighth of a circular ring; when the turning angle is 90 degrees, the turning angle is a quarter of a circular ring; when the turning angle is 180 degrees, the turning angle is a half circular ring and the like. Since the device structure of the invention satisfies the symmetric conservation, that is, the corresponding mirror image structure can also work effectively, the two structures shown in fig. 1(d) and (i) have mirror images and have the same working characteristics. The first layer of magneto-optical material 3, the second layer of magneto-optical material 4 and the dielectric layer 5 are connected to the optical input port 1 and the optical output port 2 by bends at any angle. The medium layer 5 is an area where light energy is mainly concentrated, a gap between the first magneto-optical material 3 and the second magneto-optical material 4 is the medium layer 5, the medium layer 5 is in a ring shape at a waveguide bending part, the radius of an inner circular arc of the ring is r, the radius of an outer circular arc of the ring is r + w, and the length of the bending part depends on the turning angle; the dielectric layer 5 is made of vacuum, air, silicon dioxide (glass) or plastic transparent to working waves. The magneto- optical material layers 3 and 4 and the medium layer 5 form a photodiode and an isolator which can transmit optical signals in a single direction, and the surfaces of the magneto- optical materials 3 and 4 and the medium layer 5 are magnetic surface fast waves. The magneto-optical material is magneto-optical glass or various rare earth element doped garnet and rare earth-transition metal alloy films and other materials. The first layer 3 and the second layer 4 of magneto-optical material are provided with bias magnetic fields H of opposite directions, respectively0I.e. bias magnetic field ^ H0(external) and bias field behavior [. H ]0(ii) a bias magnetic field H0Generated by an electromagnet whose direction of current flow is controllable or provided by a rotatable permanent magnet, the direction of current flow can be controlled to change the direction of conduction of the waveguide or by rotating the permanent magnet. When the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is applied perpendicular to the plane of the paperExternal static magnetic field H0And the second layer 4 of magneto-optical material applies a static magnetic field H directed into the paper perpendicular to the plane of the paper0When the optical waveguide is used, the port 1 of the one-way bend waveguide is an optical input end, the port 2 is an optical output end, and the port 1 is communicated with the port 2; when the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is applied with a static magnetic field H directed into the paper perpendicular to the plane of the paper0And the second layer 4 of magneto-optical material applies a static magnetic field H directed perpendicularly to the plane of the paper0When the optical waveguide is used, the port 2 of the one-way bend waveguide is an optical input port, the port 1 is an optical output port, and the port 2 is communicated with the port 1. The first wave absorbing layer 6, the second wave absorbing layer 7, the third wave absorbing layer 8 and the fourth wave absorbing layer 9 are made of the same or different wave absorbing materials, and the wave absorbing materials are polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, a carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, a graphite thermoplastic material mixture, a boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, a graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, a fluorine elastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyarylsulfone or polyethyleneimine. The distances between the first wave absorbing layer 6, the second wave absorbing layer 7, the third wave absorbing layer 8 and the fourth wave absorbing layer 9 and the surface of the flat waveguide are 1/4-1/2 wavelengths, and the thicknesses of the first wave absorbing layer 6, the second wave absorbing layer 7, the third wave absorbing layer 8 and the fourth wave absorbing layer 9 are not less than 1/4 wavelengths.
The surface magnetic wave generated at the magneto-optical material-medium interface is a phenomenon similar to metal Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP). Under the action of bias static magnetic field, the magnetic conductivity of the magneto-optical material is in tensor form, and meanwhile, the effective refractive index of the magneto-optical material is a negative value within a certain optical band range. Thus, the surface of the magneto-optical material can generate a guided wave and has the property of propagating in one direction, called a magnetic surface wave (surface magnetically polarized wavelet, SMP).
The invention relates to a non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary angle one-way turning waveguide, which is a one-way turning waveguide with excellent performance researched by combining the characteristic that a magneto-optical material-medium interface can generate surface waves based on the non-reciprocity of the magneto-optical material. The magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material three-layer structure waveguide is combined with four wave absorbing layers, unidirectional bending transmission of light is carried out by utilizing a magnetic surface fast wave generated by a magneto-optical material-medium interface, the conduction direction of the waveguide is controlled by utilizing an electromagnet with controllable current direction, namely the conduction direction of the turning waveguide is determined by the direction of a bias magnetic field, and the turning angle can be any value. Meanwhile, the wave absorbing layer absorbs useless waves and eliminates optical path interference.
The technical scheme of the invention is based on the optical nonreciprocal property of the magneto-optical material and the unique characteristic of the surface wave capable of being conducted of the magneto-optical material-medium interface, and the design of the controllable one-way turning waveguide is realized. The basic principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
the magneto-optical material is a material with magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic dipoles in the magneto-optical material are arranged in the same direction due to an external static magnetic field, so that a magnetic dipole moment is generated. The magnetic dipole moment will interact strongly with the optical signal, resulting in a non-reciprocal transmission of light. A bias magnetic field H in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface0The permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material is:
the elements of the permeability tensor are given by the following system of equations:
wherein, mu0Is magnetic permeability in vacuum, gamma is gyromagnetic ratio, H0For application of a magnetic field, MsThe saturation magnetization, ω is the operating frequency and α is the loss factor. H if the direction of the bias magnetic field is changed to be perpendicular to the paper surface and inwards0And MsThe sign will change.
The surface magnetic wave generated at the interface between the magneto-optical material and the medium can be solved according to the permeability tensor of the magneto-optical material and the Maxwell equation set. The electric field and the magnetic field existing at the interface of the surface wave (TE wave) should have the following forms:
where i-1 represents the region of magneto-optical material and i-2 represents the region of the medium. Substituting maxwell's equations:
then, based on the constitutive relation and the boundary condition, the wave vector k of the magnetic surface wave can be obtainedzTranscendental equation of (a):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the effective permeability of the magneto-optical material. The transcendental equation can be solved by numerical solution to finally obtain kzThe value of (c). It can also be seen from the equation that since the equation contains μκkzTherefore, the magnetic surface wave has nonreciprocity (unidirectional propagation).
Therefore, if a three-layer structure of magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material is adopted, magnetic fields in opposite directions are arranged at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4, and the direction of the magnetic field of the electromagnet is controlled by current, an effective controllable one-way turning waveguide is formed. And the corner waveguide will theoretically have no loss due to the curved structure due to the properties of the magnetic surface wave (SMP). As shown in FIG. 2, Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, and the medium layer is air (n)01), the bias magnetic field is 900Oe, the thickness w of the medium layer is 5mm, and the distances w between the first wave absorbing layer 6, the second wave absorbing layer 7, the third wave absorbing layer 8 and the fourth wave absorbing layer 9 and the waveguide are respectively equal to the distance w between the waveguide and the medium layer15mm, radius r 30mm, and operating frequency f of the device determined by the dielectric constant ε of the magneto-optical material and the medium1，ε2And magnetic permeability [ mu ]1]，μ2The determined operating frequency is 6GHz, and the YIG material loss coefficient alpha is 3 multiplied by 10-4The turning angle is 90 degrees.When the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is vertical to the paper surface and faces outwards, and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is vertical to the paper surface and faces inwards, if light is input from the port 1, magnetic surface waves with unidirectional forward transmission are generated at two magneto-optical material-medium interfaces at the same time and are finally output from the port 2; if light is input from the port 2, the optical wave cannot be transmitted in the reverse direction in the device due to the non-reciprocity of the magnetic surface wave, and therefore cannot be output from the port 1, and all the optical energy is blocked at the input port 2. Meanwhile, it can be seen that the light wave can be well confined in the turning waveguide, and the loss value is very low. The turn-around waveguide's turn-on direction is determined by the direction of the applied magnetic field, and when the direction of the applied magnetic field is changed at both the first magneto-optical material layer 3 and the second magneto-optical material layer 4, as shown in fig. 3, Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, and the medium layer 5 is air (n;)01), the bias magnetic field is 900Oe, the thickness w of the medium layer is 5mm, and the distances w between the first wave absorbing layer 6, the second wave absorbing layer 7, the third wave absorbing layer 8 and the fourth wave absorbing layer 9 and the waveguide are respectively equal to the distance w between the waveguide and the medium layer15mm, the radius r of the inner arc of the ring 30mm, the operating frequency f of the device being determined by the dielectric constant epsilon of the magneto-optical material and the medium1，ε2And magnetic permeability [ mu ]1]，μ2The determined operating frequency is 6GHz, and the YIG material loss coefficient alpha is 3 multiplied by 10-4The turn angle is 90 deg., the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material 3 is perpendicular to the paper surface inwards, the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material 4 is perpendicular to the paper surface outwards, and the turn directions of the turn waveguides are opposite. When light waves are input from the port 2, magnetic surface waves can be generated inside the device and then output from the port 1; when light waves are input from the port 1, the reverse light waves cannot be transmitted inside the device due to the non-reciprocity of the device, the port 2 does not have any light output, and all light energy is blocked at the input port 1.
The leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide of the device has the characteristics of three-layer structure of magneto-optical material-medium-magneto-optical material, and the structural size and parameters of the waveguide, such as the radius r of an inner circular arc of a circular ring and the thickness w of the medium layer, can be flexibly selected according to the working wavelength and the actual requirement. Changing the dimensions does not have a large impact on device performance.
Four embodiments are given below with reference to the drawings, in which Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) is used as the magnetic anisotropic material, the bias magnetic field is 900Oe, and the dielectric layer 5 is air (n)01), the thickness w of the dielectric layer 5 is 5mm, the inner arc radius r of the circular ring is 30mm, and the distances between the first wave-absorbing layer 6, the second wave-absorbing layer 7, the third wave-absorbing layer 8 and the fourth wave-absorbing layer 9 and the waveguide are w15mm, working frequency f 6GHzf, YIG material loss coefficient alpha 3 × 10-4。
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1(b), the steerable corner waveguide is formed of magneto-optical gap waveguides with a 45 degree corner angle. In the working frequency band, the direction of a magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled to be vertical to the paper surface and outwards through the electromagnet current, the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is controlled to be vertical to the paper surface and inwards, and the turn waveguide is conducted from the port 1 to the port 2; conversely, by controlling the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material 3 perpendicular to the plane of the paper to the inside and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material 4 perpendicular to the plane of the paper to the outside, the curved waveguide will conduct from port 2 to port 1. The forward and reverse transmission efficiency is the same for both cases. Referring to FIG. 4, the operating frequency range of the steerable corner waveguide is 4.99 GHz-7.29 GHz. In the working frequency range, the direction controllable turning waveguide can reach the highest forward and reverse transmission isolation of 23.215dB and the forward transmission insertion loss of 0.0228dB by considering the material loss.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1(d) and (i), the one-way bend waveguide is composed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide, and the bend angle is 90 degrees. In the working frequency band, the direction of a magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled to be vertical to the paper surface outwards through the electromagnet current, the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is controlled to be vertical to the paper surface inwards, and the turning waveguide is conducted from the port 1 to the port 2; conversely, by controlling the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 perpendicular to the plane of the paper and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 perpendicular to the plane of the paper to the outside, the corner waveguide will conduct from port 2 to port 1. The forward and reverse transmission efficiency is the same for both cases. Referring to FIG. 5, the operating frequency range of the steerable corner waveguide is 5.04GHz to 7.44 GHz. In the working frequency range, the material loss is considered, the highest forward and reverse transmission isolation of the direction-controllable turning waveguide is 25.513dB, and the forward transmission insertion loss is 0.0123 dB.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1(f), the one-way bend waveguide is formed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide, and the bend angle is 135 degrees. In the working frequency band, the direction of a magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled to be vertical to the paper surface and outwards through the electromagnet current, the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is controlled to be vertical to the paper surface and inwards, and the turn waveguide is conducted from the port 1 to the port 2; conversely, by controlling the direction of the magnetic field at the first layer 3 of magneto-optical material to be perpendicular to the plane of the paper and the direction of the magnetic field at the second layer 4 of magneto-optical material to be perpendicular to the plane of the paper, the corner waveguide will conduct from port 2 to port 1. The forward and reverse transmission efficiency is the same for both cases. Referring to FIG. 6, the operating frequency range of the steerable corner waveguide is 5.05GHz to 7.41 GHz. In the working frequency range, the material loss is considered, the highest forward and reverse transmission isolation of the direction-controllable turning waveguide is 23.372dB, and the forward transmission insertion loss is 0.0200 dB.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 1(h), the one-way bend waveguide is formed of a magneto-optical gap waveguide, and the bend angle is 180 degrees. In the working frequency band, the direction of a magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 is controlled to be vertical to the paper surface and outwards through the electromagnet current, the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 is controlled to be vertical to the paper surface and inwards, and the turn waveguide is conducted from the port 1 to the port 2; conversely, by controlling the direction of the magnetic field at the first magneto-optical material layer 3 perpendicular to the plane of the paper and the direction of the magnetic field at the second magneto-optical material layer 4 perpendicular to the plane of the paper to the outside, the corner waveguide will conduct from port 2 to port 1. The forward and reverse transmission efficiency is the same for both cases. Referring to FIG. 7, the operating frequency range of the steerable corner waveguide is 4.99GHz to 7.33 GHz. In the working frequency range, the direction-controllable turning waveguide can reach the highest forward and reverse transmission isolation of 27.545dB and the forward transmission insertion loss of 0.00765dB by considering the material loss.
The optical frequency range of the magnetic surface fast wave transmitted by the magneto-optical gap turning waveguide, that is, the working frequency range of the one-way turning waveguide, can be obtained from the transmission efficiency curve diagrams of the magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode one-way turning waveguide of different turning angles in fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7. The result shows that the non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide can effectively work.
The invention described above is subject to modifications both in the specific embodiments and in the field of application and should not be understood as being limited thereto.
Claims (9)
1. A controllable arbitrary one-way turn waveguide of no-leakage low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode is characterized by comprising an optical input end, an optical output end, a first magneto-optical material layer, a second magneto-optical material layer, a magneto-optical gap waveguide layer, a medium layer, four wave absorbing layers and two bias magnetic fields; the bias magnetic field is generated by an electromagnet with controllable current direction; bias magnetic fields with opposite directions are arranged at the first magneto-optical material layer and the second magneto-optical material layer, and the magnetic field direction of the electromagnet is controlled by current; providing a magneto-optical gap waveguide in the first magneto-optical material layer and the second magneto-optical material layer; a dielectric layer is arranged in the gap waveguide layer and is made of a material transparent to working waves; the gap waveguide layer is bent at any angle, and the bent part of the gap waveguide layer is in an arc shape; the first magneto-optical material layer and the second magneto-optical material layer are made of magnetic anisotropic materials; the interfaces of the first magneto-optical material layer, the second magneto-optical material layer and the medium layer generate magnetic surface fast waves transmitted in a positive and negative unidirectional bending way; the thickness of the wave-absorbing layer is not less than 1/4 wavelengths.
2. The leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast-mode controllable arbitrary unidirectional bend waveguide of claim 1, wherein the first magneto-optical material layer and the second magneto-optical material layer are magneto-optical glass or rare-earth doped garnet and rare-earth-transition metal alloy thin film materials.
3. The no-leakage low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast-mode controllable arbitrary unidirectional turn waveguide of claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer is vacuum, air or silica.
4. The non-leaky low-loss magneto-optical air gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable arbitrary unidirectional turn waveguide of claim 1, wherein said air gap waveguide is connected to said optical input and said optical output by said arbitrary angle bend.
5. The non-leaky low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast-mode controllable arbitrary unidirectional turn waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gap waveguide is one of a 30 degree bend, a 45 degree bend, a 60 degree bend, a 90 degree bend, a 120 degree bend, a 135 degree bend, a 150 degree bend, and a 180 degree bend.
6. The non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast-mode controllable arbitrary one-way bend waveguide of claim 1, wherein the wave-absorbing layers are the same or different wave-absorbing materials.
7. The non-leakage low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable arbitrary one-way bend waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave-absorbing layer is polyurethane, graphite, graphene, carbon black, a carbon fiber epoxy resin mixture, a graphite thermoplastic material mixture, a boron fiber epoxy resin mixture, a graphite fiber epoxy resin mixture, epoxy polysulfide, silicone rubber, urethane, a fluoroelastomer, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyarylsulfone or polyethyleneimine.
8. The leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable arbitrary one-way bend waveguide of claim 1, wherein the distance between the wave-absorbing layer and the flat waveguide surface is 1/4-1/2 wavelengths.
9. The non-leaky low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast-mode controllable arbitrary unidirectional turn waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein an operating mode of said unidirectional turn waveguide is a TE mode.
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| CN201610796510.3A CN106200026B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Leakage-free low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode controllable one-way arbitrary turning waveguide |
| PCT/CN2017/099826 WO2018041188A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | Leakage-free, low-loss waveguide having fast mode at magnetic surface of magneto-optical gap thereof and being unidirectionally flexible to any angle |
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| CN106154415B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-05-04 | 深圳大学 | Low-loss magneto-optical gap magnetic surface fast mode arbitrary direction controllable one-way turning waveguide |
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