CN219843149U - Dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a dual-polarized asymmetric transmission wave-absorbing metamaterial structure which is formed by splicing a plurality of asymmetric units, wherein each asymmetric unit comprises two mutually connected electromagnetic metamaterial sheets, each electromagnetic metamaterial sheet comprises a substrate and an artificial microstructure unit attached to the front surface of the substrate, and the asymmetric units are of a T-shaped structure. According to the dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, electromagnetic waves are incident to the front side and the back side of the asymmetric structure at a certain angle, and the three-dimensional metamaterial structure generates distinct electromagnetic field flow distribution in different incident polarizations and incident directions, so that asymmetric performance is generated, wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting performances of different polarizations are achieved, and the three-dimensional metamaterial structure works independently and does not interfere with each other.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of electromagnetic metamaterial, in particular to a dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure.
Background
Problems currently exist in metamaterial applications: firstly, the characteristics of left hand and right hand are presented in different frequency bands (with wider band gap distance); another is the lack of a way to achieve non-reciprocity, which is why metamaterial devices such as isolators, circulators and non-reciprocal delay lines cannot be applied. When the stealth and observer are reciprocal, the utility of electromagnetic stealth technology will be greatly reduced.
The use of a combination of Composite Right/Left Handed (CRLH) metamaterials with non-reciprocal devices creates a number of practical non-reciprocal devices such as one-way mirrors, isolators, non-reciprocal limiters, delay lines and purely non-reciprocal dependent phase shifts, spurious traveling wave resonances and antennas based on spurious traveling wave resonances.
The nonreciprocal properties can be characterized by the amplitude or phase shift of the transmitted signal, which in previous studies were mainly examined by studying the nonreciprocity of the amplitude of the transmission coefficient caused by the action of the CRLH mode in one transmission direction and the damping mode (in the isolator and circulator) in the opposite transmission direction. The nonreciprocal metamaterials in phase shift utilize nonreciprocal in phase constants, resulting in different directional phase flows and refractive indices. The phase nonreciprocal metamaterial is a low-loss medium with reciprocal characteristic impedance and transmission coefficient amplitude.
Amplitude non-reciprocal effects can be obtained by applying non-reciprocal input impedance composition structures or non-reciprocal losses that depend on the structure. On the other hand, the non-reciprocal action in the phase constant requires a strict reciprocal characteristic impedance and metamaterial structure loss constant. These two effects may occur in similar structures, but the design approach is quite different. For example, semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors may provide strong amplitude nonreciprocal isolators, but are not suitable for designing phase nonreciprocal metamaterials.
In the present case, the nonreciprocal devices are almost entirely based on ferromagnetic (dielectric) compounds, such as yttrium iron garnet (Yttrium Iron Garnet, YIG) and materials composed of iron oxide and other elements (Al, co, mn, ni). The non-reciprocity of ferrite is caused by electron spin precession at microwaves and electron cyclotron orbits in optics, both of which effects are caused by static magnetic field bias provided by permanent magnets or resistive/superconducting coils.
Ferrite-based nonreciprocal devices have the advantage of small insertion loss, strong nonreciprocity, and excellent tunability, but because ferrite lattices are not compatible with them, ferrite-based systems tend to be bulky, heavy, expensive, and incompatible with semiconductor materials in integrated circuit technology. These problems have recently led to a deep search for nonmagnetic non-reciprocity, which from previous studies we found that the non-reciprocity system is based on a combination of time reversal symmetry break, external bias in the linear case, and self-bias and structural asymmetry in the nonlinear case.
An important feature of nonlinear non-reciprocal systems is, among others, "time reversal symmetry break due to spatial asymmetry and nonlinear self-bias (nonlinearity triggered by the wave itself).
The design thought of the three-dimensional structure breaks through the thought inertia that the structural unit of the conventional electromagnetic metamaterial absorber only makes two-dimensional periodic expansion in one plane, and the unit structure of the electromagnetic metamaterial absorber is made periodic expansion in more than two planes, so that accurate impedance matching can be realized in the planes, and electromagnetic resonance in multiple directions is enhanced. The asymmetric structure is introduced into the three-dimensional metamaterial structure, so that the space-time symmetry characteristics of equivalent dielectric constant and equivalent magnetic permeability can be destroyed, and an asymmetric phenomenon is generated.
The three-dimensional asymmetric absorber consists of two mutually perpendicular metamaterial sheets, and has obviously different absorption and transmission performances, namely asymmetric phenomenon, on TE polarized electromagnetic waves which are incident from different ports under the condition of large-angle incidence.
However, the defects of the scheme are quite obvious, and 1, the cross polarization effect is large when the cross polarization of a magnetic field or an electric field is not oblique, so that the asymmetric wave-transparent phenomenon cannot be generated; 2. only for TE polarization.
This is because, when an electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident on the periodic structure, the direction of the electric field is always parallel to the y-axis direction in the TE mode, that is, the z-axis direction has no electric field component, but the magnetic field contains not only a component parallel to the x-direction at this time, but also an asymmetric phenomenon can be generated because the electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident and the magnetic field has a component along the z-direction added, so that the gyromagnetic phenomenon is generated when the electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident, and the asymmetric absorber is similar to what is known as magneto-optical material at this time. And an asymmetric phenomenon cannot be generated when an incident electromagnetic wave is perpendicularly incident or is incident in a TM mode. The electromagnetic wave is perpendicularly incident, and the electric field and the magnetic field are always perpendicular to the z direction, namely, no component exists in the z direction, so that the structure cannot be regarded as gyromagnetic materials at the moment, and no asymmetric phenomenon is generated; when the electromagnetic wave is incident in TM mode, the magnetic field of TM mode is perpendicular to the z direction, and the electric field has z component, but the designed structure is only sensitive to TE wave, so that the gyromagnetic effect and even the resonance frequency point are not generated in TM mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, which utilizes electromagnetic waves to be incident to the front and back ports of the asymmetric structure at a certain angle, and the three-dimensional metamaterial structure generates distinct electromagnetic field flow distribution in different incident polarizations and incident directions, so that the generation of asymmetric performance is caused, and the asymmetric performance refers to that when electromagnetic waves with different polarizations are respectively incident from two different ports, the wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting directions are different, so that the problem in the prior art is solved.
According to one aspect of the utility model, a dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure is provided, the dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure is formed by splicing a plurality of asymmetric units, the asymmetric units comprise two mutually connected electromagnetic metamaterial sheet layers, each electromagnetic metamaterial sheet layer comprises a substrate and an artificial microstructure unit attached to the front surface of the substrate, and the asymmetric units are of a T-shaped structure.
Preferably, on the basis of the scheme, the electromagnetic metamaterial sheet layer comprises a first sheet layer and a second sheet layer, wherein the first sheet layer is connected with the middle part of the second sheet layer, and the second sheet layer is divided into a left side part and a right side part.
On the basis of the above scheme, preferably, the left side part, the right side part and the first sheet layer are all provided with artificial micro-structural units, and the artificial micro-structural units on the left side part and the artificial micro-structural units on the right side part are asymmetrically arranged.
Preferably, the artificial microstructure unit is a single-opening SRR ring or a C-type ring.
On the basis of the scheme, the SRR ring is preferably in a central symmetrical structure or a non-central symmetrical structure along the opening direction.
On the basis of the scheme, the artificial microstructure unit is preferably one of a metal layer, a graphene layer, a carbon fiber layer, an ITO layer and a resistor film.
On the basis of the scheme, the substrate is preferably one of epoxy resin and composite material.
According to the dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, electromagnetic waves are incident to the front side and the back side of the asymmetric structure at a certain angle, and the three-dimensional metamaterial structure generates distinct electromagnetic field flow distribution in different incident polarizations and incident directions, so that asymmetric performance is generated, wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting performances of different polarizations are achieved, and the three-dimensional metamaterial structure works independently and does not interfere with each other.
The dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure is used in an antenna system, can realize the independent operation of the receiving and transmitting of different polarized antennas, and improves stealth performance. Any linear polarization can generate asymmetric transmission/absorption effect when incident, and the transmission/absorption directions of two linear polarizations with the polarization angles different by 90 degrees are opposite.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sheet of electromagnetic metamaterial according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a sheet of electromagnetic metamaterial according to the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a sheet of electromagnetic metamaterial according to the present utility model;
FIG. 3a is a perspective view of a dual polarized asymmetric transmission, wave absorbing metamaterial structure according to the present utility model;
FIG. 3b is a view showing the incident direction of electromagnetic waves according to the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the transmission of TE polarized electromagnetic waves according to the present utility model when they are incident on the asymmetric transmission/absorber from both the Z+ and Z-directions;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of a TM polarized electromagnetic wave of the present utility model upon incidence to the asymmetric transmission/absorber from both the Z+ and Z-directions;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of the reflection of TE polarized electromagnetic waves of the present utility model when they are incident to the asymmetric transmission/absorber from both the Z+ and Z-directions;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the simulation of the reflection of a TM polarized electromagnetic wave of the present utility model when it is incident on the asymmetric transmission/absorber from both the Z+ and Z-directions;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the simulation of the absorption of TE polarized electromagnetic waves of the present utility model when they are incident to the asymmetric transmission/absorber from both the Z+ and Z-directions;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the simulation of the absorption of TM polarized electromagnetic waves of the present utility model when incident on the asymmetric transmission/absorber from both the Z+ and Z-directions ；
Reference numerals illustrate:
a sheet of electromagnetic metamaterial 1, a substrate 2, an artificial microstructure unit 3, a first sheet 31, a second sheet 32, a left side 33 and a right side 34.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
For the sake of simplicity of the drawing, the parts relevant to the present utility model are shown only schematically in the figures, which do not represent the actual structure thereof as a product. Additionally, in order to simplify the drawing for ease of understanding, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are shown schematically with only one of them, or only one of them is labeled. Herein, "a" means not only "only this one" but also "more than one" case.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
In the embodiment shown in the drawings, indications of orientation (such as up, down, left, right, front and rear) are used to explain the structure and movement of the various components of the utility model are not absolute but relative. These descriptions are appropriate when the components are in the positions shown in the drawings. If the description of the location of these components changes, then the indication of these directions changes accordingly.
In addition, in the description of the present utility model, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will explain the specific embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the utility model, from which other drawings and other embodiments can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
In order to describe the specific structure of the present utility model in detail, the present utility model will be described below; two design principles, namely a theory of non-reciprocal transmission of linear polarized waves and a theory of non-reciprocal wave absorption of linear polarized waves.
Firstly, a theory principle of non-reciprocal transmission of linear polarized waves;
assuming that the metamaterial is in the xy plane, a plane wave is perpendicularly incident on the metamaterial along the Z+ direction, and the electric field of the incident wave can be expressed as
Wherein ω represents electromagnetic wave frequency, k represents wave vector, and i is complex form x And i y Describing the polarization state, the electric field of the transmitted wave is expressed as
Assuming that the plane waves are coherent, they can be calculated using a generalized Jones matrix without the need for Mueller matrix analysis of incoherent light. In general t x One part of the light is derived from the transmission of the x polarized component of the incident wave, and the other part of the light is derived from the conversion of the y polarized component of the incident wave, and can be expressed as t x ＝T xx i x +T xy i y In the same way, t can be obtained y Then
In the middle of
To describe the transmission matrix of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves (also called jones matrix), it is assumed that T is replaced by A, B, C, D, respectively ij The superscript f indicates forward transmission (Z + direction),T b representing the transmission matrix for the negative transmission (Z-direction) of electromagnetic waves. Considering only reciprocal media, i.e. not containing magnetic material, there are
The nonreciprocal transmission of electromagnetic waves is generally represented by a parameter Δ, which describes the difference in transmission rate between forward and backward transmissions, and can be expressed as
From the above analysis, it is known that the non-reciprocal transmission parameters of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves represent the difference in transmission transmissivity between the propagation directions x and y, i.e
Δ x ＝|C| 2 -|B| 2 ＝-Δ y ,
So that the nonreciprocal transmission of the x-polarized wave and the y-polarized wave are opposite, the x-polarized electromagnetic wave can be selectively analyzed, and for ideal electromagnetic nonreciprocal transmission, the transmission efficiency in one direction is 1 and the transmission efficiency in the other direction is 0, which requires that 2 diagonal elements (a and D) and 1 off-diagonal element (B or C) in the T matrix be 0 and the remaining last element (B or C) be 1.
Secondly, the theory principle of non-reciprocal wave absorption of linear polarized wave
The maxwell equation set has 8 scalar equations, wherein the number of equations independent of each other is only 6, and the four unknowns in the maxwell equation set are respectively an electric field E, a magnetic field H, an electric density D and a magnetic flux density B, and the four unknowns are respectively three components, namely 12 scalar components in total, so that 6 scalar equations, namely constitutive equations describing the influence of the characteristics of a medium on electromagnetic waves, need to be provided to calculate the 4 unknowns, as follows:
in three-dimensional space, dielectric constant epsilon, magnetic permeability mu, and magneto-electric coupling terms k and beta are 3×3 matrixes.
For two sets of sources a and b, if the contribution (voltage, current) produced by b at a is equal to the contribution produced by a at b, then there is:
<a,b>＝<b,a>
the lorentz reversibility theorem is applied to the following:
<a,b>-<b,a>＝∫∫∫iω(E b D a -E a ·D b +H b ·B a )dV
the entrainment constitutive equation can be obtained:
<a,b>-<b,a>＝∫∫∫iω[(E b ·(ε-ε T )·E a +H b ·(μ-μ T )·H a )+E a ·(k+β T )·H b -H a ·(k+β T )·E b ]dV
where T represents a transpose, so that we can derive the reversible condition:
in the inactive region, j=0,
for the non-consumable mediumThe constraints of no consumption are:
wherein + represents the conjugate transpose. The symmetry condition of the lossless and reciprocal constitutive equation can be obtained by combining the reversible condition and the lossless constraint condition:
thus, the symmetry condition of the non-reciprocal constitutive equation is that:
when k=β=0 in the notation, if epsilon and μ are both scalar, such medium is isotropic; if ε or μ in the principal coordinate system has different diagonal terms, such medium is an electrically or magnetically anisotropic medium (including both uniaxial and biaxial); if epsilon or mu has a conjugated imaginary diagonal term, such a medium is called gyromagnetic medium, the permittivity and permeability of this form need to be induced by an applied magnetic field, so-called magneto-optical material (e.g. YIG). What we need to do below is to use an artificially designed metamaterial structure to realize anisotropic media or magneto-optical materials induced without an externally applied magnetic field.
Therefore, through reasonable design of the metamaterial microstructure, 2 diagonal elements (A and D) and 1 off-diagonal element (B or C) in the T matrix are 0, and the rest last element (B or C) is 1, or an anisotropic medium is realized, or a manual metamaterial magneto-optical structure induced by an external magnetic field is not needed, so that the nonreciprocal transmission effect of electromagnetic waves can be realized.
Referring to fig. 1, and referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 3a, the dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure of the present utility model is formed by splicing a plurality of asymmetric units, wherein each asymmetric unit comprises two mutually connected electromagnetic metamaterial sheets 1, each electromagnetic metamaterial sheet 1 comprises a substrate 2 and an artificial microstructure unit 3 attached to the front surface of the substrate 2, and the asymmetric units are in a T-shaped structure.
The electromagnetic metamaterial sheet 1 comprises a first sheet 31 and a second sheet 32, the first sheet 31 is connected with the middle of the second sheet 32, the second sheet 32 is divided into a left side 33 and a right side 34, artificial microstructure units 3 are arranged on the left side 33, the right side 34 and the first sheet 31, and the artificial microstructure units 3 on the left side 33 and the artificial microstructure units 3 on the right side 34 are asymmetrically arranged.
According to the utility model, a three-dimensional total asymmetric structure formed by communicating the artificial microstructure units 3 attached by the two substrates 2 is generated, an artificial metamaterial magneto-optical structure which is not required to be induced by an external magnetic field is generated, when electromagnetic waves are incident to the front and the back ports of the asymmetric structure at a certain angle, the metamaterial structure generates different electromagnetic field flow distribution in different incident polarizations and incident directions, so that the generation of asymmetric performance is caused, the wave absorption and wave transmission performances of different polarizations are realized, and the electromagnetic waves work independently and do not interfere with each other.
The asymmetric performance here means that when electromagnetic waves of different polarizations are respectively incident from two different ports, the wave absorption and wave transmission directivities are different.
The dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure is used in an antenna system, can realize the independent operation of the receiving and transmitting of different polarized antennas, and improves stealth performance. Any linear polarization can generate asymmetric transmission/absorption effect when being incident, and the transmission/absorption directions of two linear polarizations with the polarization angles being different by 90 degrees are opposite (according to the asymmetric transmission theory, the nonreciprocal transmission of x polarized wave and y polarized wave is opposite).
Preferably, the artificial microstructure unit 3 of the present utility model is a single-opening SRR loop and a C-shaped loop, and the SRR loop may be a centrosymmetric structure or a non-centrosymmetric structure along the opening direction.
It should be noted that the artificial microstructure unit 3 of the present utility model is one of a metal layer, a graphene layer, a carbon fiber layer, an ITO layer, and a resistive film, and the substrate 2 is one of an epoxy resin and a composite material.
In order to verify the specific effect of the structure of the present utility model, the following test is performed at an operating frequency of 10GHz, corresponding to a vacuum wavelength of 30mm and to a medium surface wavelength of 18.51mm (single-sided FR-4).
When electromagnetic waves are incident to the asymmetric transmission/absorption device from two directions of Z+ and Z-, respectively, the transmission coefficients and the absorption rates of the electromagnetic waves in the two directions are different, wherein the incident direction of the electromagnetic waves is defined as shown in FIG. 3 b.
As can be seen from fig. 4 to 9, the reflection of the incident electromagnetic waves of different polarizations in the z+ and Z-directions is the same and the transmission and absorption are different. From the absorptivity formula a (ω) =1-R (ω) -T (ω), where a (ω) represents absorptivity, R (ω) represents reflectivity, and T (ω) represents transmissivity, it is known that the reason for the difference in absorptivity is the difference in transmissivity in the two modes, and the reason for the difference in transmissivity can be seen from fig. 2 to 6 that the microstructure units of the asymmetric transmission/absorption metamaterial structure in the three directions X, Y, Z are different and the structures in the three directions are asymmetric, so that the front and back structures of the asymmetric transmission/absorption metamaterial structure incident to the different polarized electromagnetic waves are different, and thus the transmissivity is different. As can be seen from fig. 4 to 9, when electromagnetic waves are incident on the metamaterial structure in the z-direction, TE polarization is transmitted at a frequency of 10GHz and TM polarization is absorbed at the frequency of 10 GHz; and when an electromagnetic wave is incident in the z+ direction, TE polarization is absorbed at frequency 10GHz and TM polarization is transmitted at frequency 10 GHz. The electromagnetic wave is incident to the magnetic field component, so that gyromagnetic effect is generated on the surface of the structure, and symmetry of equivalent magnetic permeability of the structure is destroyed, so that asymmetric transmission/absorption phenomena in different polarizations and different incident directions are caused.
Finally, the method of the present utility model is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a bipolar asymmetric transmission, wave-absorbing metamaterial structure, its characterized in that is formed by the concatenation of a plurality of asymmetric units, asymmetric unit includes two interconnect's electromagnetism metamaterial lamella, and each electromagnetism metamaterial lamella includes base plate and attaches in the positive artifical microstructure unit of base plate, asymmetric unit is T style of calligraphy structure.
2. The dual polarized asymmetric transmission, wave absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic metamaterial sheet comprises a first sheet and a second sheet, wherein the first sheet is connected with a middle part of the second sheet, and the second sheet is divided into a left side part and a right side part.
3. The dual polarized asymmetric transmission and wave absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 2, wherein the left side portion, the right side portion and the first sheet layer are provided with artificial microstructure units, and the artificial microstructure units on the left side portion and the artificial microstructure units on the right side portion are arranged asymmetrically.
4. The dual polarized asymmetric transmission and wave absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 2, wherein the artificial microstructure unit is a single opening SRR loop and a C-shaped loop.
5. The dual polarized asymmetric transmission and wave absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 4, wherein the SRR loop is in a central symmetry structure or a non-central symmetry structure along the opening direction.
6. The dual-polarized asymmetric transmission and wave-absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 3, wherein the artificial microstructure unit is one of a metal layer, a graphene layer, a carbon fiber layer, an ITO layer and a resistor film.
7. The dual polarized asymmetric transmission and wave absorbing metamaterial structure according to claim 3, wherein the substrate is one of epoxy resin and composite material.
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