CN106198451A - A kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device - Google Patents

A kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device Download PDF

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CN106198451A
CN106198451A CN201610599514.2A CN201610599514A CN106198451A CN 106198451 A CN106198451 A CN 106198451A CN 201610599514 A CN201610599514 A CN 201610599514A CN 106198451 A CN106198451 A CN 106198451A
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laser
molecular film
gas
fun
fuel tanker
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苗扬
霍达
吴明康
张煜哲
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D2053/221—Devices

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device, this device comprises laser instrument, checks warehouse, receptor, collection oxygen device；Check that warehouse is arranged on fuel tanker upper end, laser instrument, receptor are arranged on the left and right sides checking warehouse, collection oxygen device is arranged on the bottom checking warehouse.Collection oxygen device is a kind of molecular film collection oxygen device, and collection oxygen device includes molecular film and pressure device.Molecular film is placed on the bottom checking warehouse, the air pressure in fuel tanker both sides placement force device increases fuel tanker, make mixed gas separate near molecular film.When mixed gas enters receptor, owing to the permeability of various gases has the biggest difference, therefore can be easy to separate oxygen with other gas through molecular film.This device has measurement and is arbitrarily designated gas concentration effect, and this apparatus structure is simple, applied widely.

Description

A kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical field, based on sheaf space oxygen concentration on wavelength modulation spectrum technology survey aircraft fuel tank.
Background technology
The unique energy source providing conventional airplane power is not only by fuel oil, and is plane hydraulic system, oil system, ring The systems such as Ore-controlling Role heat sink.Fuel loading is among each fuel tank of aircraft, and the fuel tank of aircraft spreads all over wing and fuselage, so The deciding factor of aircraft safety is not only in the design of fuel tank, and is the guarantees that normally work of other subsystems of aircraft.
The fuel oil blast of fuel tanker is one of principal element threatening aviation flight safety.Since nineteen sixty, the whole world There is fuel tank explosion accident in existing 18 airplanes.According to FAA investigation statistics, on fuel tank, the oxygen content in sheaf space exceeds standard is aircraft The one of the main reasons of fuel tank explosion.Except the oxygen in ambient atmosphere can enter in the gas-phase space on fuel oil box upper strata, The oxygen being dissolved in fuel oil precipitate into as well as the change of fuel tank state on fuel tank in sheaf space.If in mixed gas Oxygen concentration is higher, easily causes burning, causes fuel tank explosion.In view of oxygen content has material impact to fuel tank safety, beautiful Air worthiness regulation is revised by FAA of state (FAA) in the recent period, it is stipulated that on fuel tanker, the oxygen content of sheaf space must Must be less than 12%, to ensure the flight safety of aircraft.
Consider from a safety viewpoint, in order to reduce the risk of fuel tank burning, first have to grasp in fuel tank mixed gas especially It is the Changing Pattern of oxygen and relation flammable with fuel tank thereof, especially for the oil tank system of many reference amounts change；Want simultaneously Set up the advanced technology of fuel tank detection and explore the theory supporting these technology；The research of this problem is to fuel tanker design tool There is important scientific meaning, the safe flight of aircraft is also had huge practical value simultaneously.
Gas flammability is ground the most widely with dynamic changing process research and corresponding gas sensor Study carefully and explore.In recent years, along with being on the increase of aircraft accident, and the flight safety demand to aircraft, fuel tanker upper strata The migration of gas and gas detection method start to become study hotspot.Current correlational study is concentrated mainly on following two side Face: the spatial mixing gas transfer of fuel tank upper strata and flammable study mechanism and gas sensor detection technique research.
Abroad beginning to research and develop gas sensor from eighties of last century thirties, kind has reached hundreds of.China Also on the basis of digestion, absorption, multiple gases sensor is researched and developed.At present gas sensor mainly has following a few class: 1) Semiconductor gas sensor.2) solid-state electrolyte gas sensor 3) optical type gas sensor.But these are industrial mostly The touch sensor used, it is impossible to be applied to aerospace field.
Therefore this problem is for the difficult point of oxygen migration mechanism in sheaf space on fuel tanker Yu detection method, association mechanism Analyze, state changes, the migration mechanism of oxygen in sheaf space on exploration fuel tanker；Studying non-contact type laser detection oxygen side Method；Launch to explore and research at aspects such as corresponding Analysis on Mechanism, rationale, core technologies, thus it is empty to solve fuel tank upper strata Between the key issue of oxygen migration and detection method, to reducing the risk of fuel tanker blast, ensureing that aircraft safety runs and has Practical significance and the most wide application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to solve ground technical problem and be to overcome fuel tank in above-mentioned aircraft flight to offset, and causes oxygen The shortcoming that gas measurement of concetration is inaccurate, it is provided that one is reasonable in design, simple in construction, working service convenient, mechanical rotates, without making an uproar Sound, energy consumption are low, the measurement apparatus of sheaf space oxygen concentration on survey aircraft fuel tank sound.
Solve above-mentioned technical problem to be the technical scheme is that, by collection oxygen device, oxygen concentrates on inspection warehouse In, launch laser beam by laser instrument, utilize receptor to receive the signal of oxygen concentration, measure gas concentration further.
Realize the device of such scheme: this device comprises laser instrument 1, checks warehouse 2, receptor 3, collection oxygen device 4；Check Warehouse 2 is arranged on fuel tanker upper end, and laser instrument 1, receptor 3 are arranged on the left and right sides checking warehouse 2, will collection oxygen device 4 are arranged on the bottom checking warehouse 2.
Collection oxygen device 4 is a kind of molecular film collection oxygen device, and collection oxygen device 4 includes molecular film 4.1 and pressure device 4.2.To divide Sub-film 4.1 is placed on the bottom checking warehouse 2, increases the air pressure in fuel tanker at fuel tanker both sides placement force device 4.2, Mixed gas is made to separate near molecular film.As it is shown on figure 3, mixed gas enter receptor time, can through molecular film 4.1, Owing to the permeability of various gases has the biggest difference, therefore it is easy to separate oxygen with other gas.
What molecular film 4.1 utilized is penetration theory, and molecular film 4.1 is that first gas molecule is adsorbed to film through mechanism Surface is dissolved, and then spreads in film, finally parses from the opposite side of film, and i.e. oxygen and nitrogen are in polymeric membrane, Dissipate speed different.When oxygen and nitrogen adsorption are on polymeric membrane surface, owing to film both sides also exist Concentraton gradient, gas is made to expand Dissipate and pass through polymeric membrane, then in the opposite side desorbing of film, because the volume of oxygen molecule is less than nitrogen molecule, thus oxygen Diffusion rate in polymeric membrane is more than nitrogen, when air is by the side of film, just obtains required oxygen in the inner side of film Gas.
The material of molecular film 4.1 is polyimides.
Fuel tanker lateral symmetry installs two pipeline ventilation machine, and gas in fuel tanker is applied pressure.
Pipeline ventilation machine uses circular pipeline fan, and circular pipeline fan uses airfoil hypsokinesis impeller, when running up Performing to ultimate attainment by gaseous fluid mechanics, therefore Energy Efficiency Ratio is the highest, can reach 70%, say, that with minimum motor merit The wind-force that rate conveying is maximum, this is the inaccessiable effect of centrifugal blower that commonly leans forward.Therefore pipeline fan is the most energy-conservation but also big Wind.The blast of superelevation can connect the pipeline of tens meters and concentrate ventilation, and pipeline fan main feature is exactly that pressure is big.Instead of tradition Ventilation installation.Blower fan friction, dynamic balancing value is less than 0.17g, the superior product of standard value guarantee blower fan only in this way Matter, import metallic impeller is supporting or PP plastics form according to airfoil type perfusion, be characterized in that rigidity is strong, high temperature resistant, environmental protection, air quantity Greatly and noise can be reduced to a certain extent.
A kind of gas concentration On-line Measuring Method based on wavelength modulation spectrum technology, the method comprises the steps,
Gas to be measured is oxygen, chooses corresponding absorption spectrum spectral line from high-resolution spectroscopy data base, its center frequency Rate is V0。
With laser instrument 1 as light source, the temperature of regulation laser controller 8 and electric current, make the output frequency of laser instrument 1 stablize Mid frequency V0On, and demarcate with band meter 9 and detect.
The high_frequency sine wave that the low frequency sawtooth produced by signal generator 5 and lock-in amplifier 6 produce is through adder 7 Be input to after superposition in laser controller 8, drive laser instrument produce laser produces at absorption spectrum spectral line frequency scanning with Modulation, then calculate laser instantaneous frequency V and laser intensity I by equation below0。
In formula: a [cm-1] it is frequency modulation(PFM) amplitude, define index of modulation m=a/ γ, γ [cm-1] it is spectral line halfwidth, w For customizing the angular frequency of new number,For the meansigma methods of laser frequency,For the meansigma methods of laser intensity, Δ I is intensity modulated width Degree,For the phase contrast between frequency modulation(PFM) and intensity modulated.
Directly received by photodetector 11 after the laser alignment that laser instrument 1 is sent, then divide two-way, a road input number Recording laser intensity process over time in word oscillograph 12, another road is input to carry out in lock-in amplifier 6 the most humorous Ripple is monitored, and the first harmonic background signal S that lock-in amplifier 6 detects is input to computer data acquisition and treatment system 13 In.
Received by photodetector 11 by gas medium 10 after the laser alignment that laser instrument 1 is sent, then divide two-way, Recording laser intensity process over time in one tunnel input digital oscilloscope 12, another road is input in lock-in amplifier 6 Carry out first harmonic monitoring, the odd harmonics X-axis signal X that lock-in amplifier 6 detects2k-1With Y-axis signal Y2k-1It is input to meter In calculation machine data Collection & Processing System 13.
The present invention provides a kind of GAS ABSORPTION rate Function Fitting method in wavelength modulation spectrum technology, directly determines that gas is dense Degree.
Computer data acquisition and treatment system 10 processes odd harmonics X-axis signal X2k-1With Y-axis signal Y2k-1, and then Obtain function fun2k-1。
fun 2 k - 1 = X 2 k - 1 . s i n β - Y 2 k - 1 . c o s β S 1 - b a c k
In formula, β is the phase contrast between lock-in amplifier reference signal and input signal.
By fun2k-1Substitute into following formula, obtain function Funk。
Fun k = fun 1 - fun 3 + fun 5 + ... ( - 1 ) k - 1 fun 2 k - 1 = Σ n - 1 k ( - 1 ) k - 1 fun 2 k - 1
By FunkSubstitute into following formula, obtain GAS ABSORPTION rate function
According to following formula, obtain the concentration of gas to be measured according to conventional direct absorption process.
For molecule absorption linear function, C is gas concentration
This device has measurement and is arbitrarily designated gas concentration effect, and this apparatus structure is simple, applied widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is molecular film collection oxygen device front view.
Fig. 3 is the procedure chart measuring gas concentration based on wavelength modulation spectrum technology
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-3, the present invention is described in further detail.
According to installing required device shown in Fig. 1, by collection oxygen device by the oxygen separation in mixed gas out so that it is enter Enter and check warehouse, then by laser instrument to checking that warehouse launches laser, selected center's frequency is V0, with laser instrument 1 as light source, adjust The temperature of joint laser controller 8 and electric current, the output frequency making laser instrument 1 is stable at mid frequency V0On, and enter with band meter 9 Rower is fixed and detects.The high_frequency sine wave that the low frequency sawtooth produced by signal generator 5 and lock-in amplifier 6 produce is through adding Being input in laser controller 8 after musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass 7 superposition, the laser driving laser instrument to produce produces at absorption spectrum spectral line frequency to be swept Retouch and modulate, calculate laser instantaneous frequency V and laser intensity I by formula0.After the laser alignment that laser instrument 1 is sent directly Being received by photodetector 11, then divide two-way, in a road input digital oscilloscope 12, recording laser intensity is over time Process, another road is input in lock-in amplifier 6 carry out first harmonic monitoring, the first harmonic back of the body that lock-in amplifier 6 detects Scape signal S is input in computer data acquisition and treatment system 13.Repeat previous step, lock-in amplifier 6 is detected Odd harmonics X-axis signal X2k-1With Y-axis signal Y2k-1It is input in computer data acquisition and treatment system 13.Computer Data Collection & Processing System 13 processes odd harmonics X-axis signal X2k-1With Y-axis signal Y2k-1, and then obtain GAS ABSORPTION rate Function, obtains gas concentration according to direct absorption process.Oxygen concentration actual in fuel tank is calculated again, to reach by corresponding proportion To project demand.

Claims (5)

1. a fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device, it is characterised in that:
This device comprises laser instrument (1), checks warehouse (2), receptor (3), collection oxygen device (4)；Check that warehouse (2) is arranged on to fly Sump upper end, is arranged on the left and right sides checking warehouse (2) by laser instrument (1), receptor (3), is installed by collection oxygen device (4) In the bottom checking warehouse (2)；
Collection oxygen device (4) is a kind of molecular film collection oxygen device, and collection oxygen device (4) includes molecular film (4.1) and pressure device (4.2)； Molecular film (4.1) is placed on the bottom checking warehouse (2), increases aircraft oil in fuel tanker both sides placement force device (4.2) Air pressure in case, makes mixed gas separate near molecular film；When mixed gas enters receptor, can be through molecular film (4.1), owing to the permeability of various gases has the biggest difference, therefore it is easy to separate oxygen with other gas.
A kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device the most according to claim 1, its feature exists In: the material of molecular film (4.1) is polyimides.
A kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device the most according to claim 1, its feature exists In: fuel tanker lateral symmetry installs two pipeline ventilation machine, and gas in fuel tanker is applied pressure.
A kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device the most according to claim 1, its feature exists In: the step of On-line Measuring Method is as follows,
Gas to be measured is oxygen, chooses corresponding absorption spectrum spectral line from high-resolution spectroscopy data base, and its mid frequency is V0；
With laser instrument (1) as light source, the temperature of regulation laser controller (8) and electric current, the output frequency making laser instrument (1) is stable At mid frequency V0On, and demarcate with band meter (9) and detect；
The high_frequency sine wave that the low frequency sawtooth produced by signal generator (5) and lock-in amplifier (6) produce is through adder (7) being input to after superposition in laser controller (8), the laser driving laser instrument to produce produces at absorption spectrum spectral line frequency to be swept Retouch and modulate, then calculate laser instantaneous frequency V and laser intensity I by equation below0；
In formula: a [cm-1] it is frequency modulation(PFM) amplitude, define index of modulation m=a/ γ, γ [cm-1] it is spectral line halfwidth, w is customization The angular frequency of new number,For the meansigma methods of laser frequency,For the meansigma methods of laser intensity, Δ I is intensity modulated amplitude,For Phase contrast between frequency modulation(PFM) and intensity modulated；
Directly received by photodetector (11) after the laser alignment that laser instrument (1) is sent, then divide two-way, a road input number Recording laser intensity process over time in word oscillograph (12), another road is input in lock-in amplifier (6) carry out one Subharmonic is monitored, and the first harmonic background signal S that lock-in amplifier (6) detects is input to Computer Data Handling system In system (13)；
Received by photodetector (11) by gas medium (10) after the laser alignment that laser instrument (1) is sent, then divide two Road, recording laser intensity process over time in road input digital oscilloscope (12), another road is input to phase-locked amplification Device (6) carries out first harmonic monitoring, the odd harmonics X-axis signal X that lock-in amplifier (6) detects2k-1With Y-axis signal Y2k-1It is input in computer data acquisition and treatment system (13).
A kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device the most according to claim 4, its feature exists In: a kind of GAS ABSORPTION rate Function Fitting method in wavelength modulation spectrum technology, directly determine gas concentration；
Computer data acquisition and treatment system (10) processes odd harmonics X-axis signal X2k-1With Y-axis signal Y2k-1, and then To function fun2k-1；
fun 2 k - 1 = X 2 k - 1 . s i n β - Y 2 k - 1 . c o s β S 1 - b a c k
In formula, β is the phase contrast between lock-in amplifier reference signal and input signal；
By fun2k-1Substitute into following formula, obtain function Funk；
Fun k = fun 1 - fun 3 + fun 5 + ... ( - 1 ) k - 1 fun 2 k - 1 = Σ n - 1 k ( - 1 ) k - 1 fun 2 k - 1
By FunkSubstitute into following formula, obtain GAS ABSORPTION rate function
According to following formula, obtain the concentration of gas to be measured according to conventional direct absorption process；
For molecule absorption linear function, C is gas concentration.
CN201610599514.2A 2016-07-26 2016-07-26 A kind of fuel tanker molecular film collection oxygen non-contact laser detection device Pending CN106198451A (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050286054A1 (en) * 2004-01-05 2005-12-29 Southwest Sciences, Inc. Oxygen sensor for aircraft fuel inerting systems
CN101723301A (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-06-09 北京石油化工学院 Oil-gas recycling treatment method and system for gas station by using membrane method
CN102621063A (en) * 2012-03-05 2012-08-01 哈尔滨工业大学 Small-size oxygen measuring device based on porous material gas cell
CN102650589A (en) * 2011-02-25 2012-08-29 瓦克化学股份公司 Device and method for determining a gas concentration in a flowing gas mixture
CN102680020A (en) * 2012-05-16 2012-09-19 清华大学 Gas parameter online measurement method based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy
CN102791355A (en) * 2010-03-05 2012-11-21 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Oxygen separation membrane
CN204422413U (en) * 2015-02-10 2015-06-24 亚普汽车部件（开封）有限公司 A kind of fuel tank oxygen concentration testing system
CN105699350A (en) * 2016-03-18 2016-06-22 中国电子科技集团公司第八研究所 Optical fibre sensor detection device for oxygen content of fuel tank

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050286054A1 (en) * 2004-01-05 2005-12-29 Southwest Sciences, Inc. Oxygen sensor for aircraft fuel inerting systems
CN101723301A (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-06-09 北京石油化工学院 Oil-gas recycling treatment method and system for gas station by using membrane method
CN102791355A (en) * 2010-03-05 2012-11-21 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Oxygen separation membrane
CN102650589A (en) * 2011-02-25 2012-08-29 瓦克化学股份公司 Device and method for determining a gas concentration in a flowing gas mixture
CN102621063A (en) * 2012-03-05 2012-08-01 哈尔滨工业大学 Small-size oxygen measuring device based on porous material gas cell
CN102680020A (en) * 2012-05-16 2012-09-19 清华大学 Gas parameter online measurement method based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy
CN204422413U (en) * 2015-02-10 2015-06-24 亚普汽车部件（开封）有限公司 A kind of fuel tank oxygen concentration testing system
CN105699350A (en) * 2016-03-18 2016-06-22 中国电子科技集团公司第八研究所 Optical fibre sensor detection device for oxygen content of fuel tank

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
肖再华等: "飞机油箱氧浓度检测技术研究", 《测控技术》 *

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Application publication date: 20161207