CN102661913A - Device for rapidly measuring concentration field of cyclone separator through gamma ray technology and image reconstruction method - Google Patents
Device for rapidly measuring concentration field of cyclone separator through gamma ray technology and image reconstruction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102661913A CN102661913A CN2012101442378A CN201210144237A CN102661913A CN 102661913 A CN102661913 A CN 102661913A CN 2012101442378 A CN2012101442378 A CN 2012101442378A CN 201210144237 A CN201210144237 A CN 201210144237A CN 102661913 A CN102661913 A CN 102661913A
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- cyclone separator
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for rapidly measuring a concentration field of a cyclone separator through a gamma ray technology and an image reconstruction method, and belongs to a device for monitoring a centrifugal concentration field of an industrial centrifugal separation device in an on-line manner in real time. The device is characterized by being composed of one or two gamma ray sources 1 and two probes 2; the gamma ray sources 1 and the probes are fixed or located at the both sides of a centrifugal separation device 3 by using a bracket; the data of the concentration field can be obtained by two ray beams, which are parallel or form a certain included angle in the centrifugal concentration field; and one of the two ray beams passes through a center. The image reconstruction method relates to a method for carrying out image reconstruction on the data obtained by the measurement of the device, and is characterized by reconstructing the measurement data obtained by the two ray beams so as to obtain time average concentration distribution of the centrifugal concentration field. The device measurement is fixed, so that the device is easy to mount and is operated for a long period. Furthermore, the device is conveniently isolated and protected by only using the two ray beams which are emitted in a single direction, so that the security of the gamma ray industrial application is improved. The device can be applied to real-time monitoring of the centrifugal concentration field and fault diagnosis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the concentration field real time on-line monitoring field of industrial centrifugal gas-solid separating device, relate to a kind of gamma ray cross section imaging device that is installed in concentration field measurement on the cyclone separator, and supporting concentration field concentration field image reconstruction algorithm.
Background technology
Centrifugal separation technology has obtained widely to use in industry, cyclone separator for example, cyclone, separation equipment such as hydro-extractor.The hypergravity centrifugal field that the fluid rotary course forms is to strengthen the effective way of heterogeneous separation.Under the effect of centrifugal force field, particle distributes inside mutually and presents very big heterogeneity.The flow parameter of separation equipment and version directly have influence on this density field distribution, and then have influence on the performance of separation equipment, like separation efficiency and disjoining pressure degradation.This just need carry out monitoring and measuring to centrifugal concentration field, and at present to the still incomparable practical technology of detection of the centrifugal distribution of concentration of industrial separation equipment, is a problem demanding prompt solution always.Receive the restriction of process condition, temperature and pressure, the separation equipment of commercial plant is built shell by metal usually, and the device interior concentration of fluid distributes and can not use the measurement of adopting the intrusive mood instrument, only to adopt the non-intrusion measurement instrument.Electrical capacitance tomography is arranged usually, and (ElectricalCapacitance Tomography, ECT), (Electrical ResistanceTomography, ERT), X ray is technological, gamma ray technology or the like for Electrical Resistance Tomography.But receive on-the-spot separation equipment metal shell and the larger-size influence of separation equipment; The decay of measuring-signal is bigger; And the complicacy of surveying instrument sender unit, the difficulty of measuring operation is bigger, and the more high factor of installation cost has proposed higher requirement to measuring technique.Therefore except that the gamma ray technology, additive method is difficult to measuring the concentration field under this field condition.The gamma ray imaging technique takes into account that to have system architecture simple relatively except that security requirement is higher, running cost is lower, and the ray penetration power is very strong, measures unique advantage such as non-intrusion type and is more suitable for the heterogeneous mobile status data collection under this industrial environment.
The exemplary apparatus that centrifugal separation technology is used is a cyclone separator, and Fig. 1 is seen in its detachment process.Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid forms strong rotatablely moving after getting into cyclone separator.Particle in the air-flow breaks away from streamline and moves to wall under action of centrifugal force, the dust-exhausting port along the downward spiral rotation of wall from the bottom flows out again, and gas then flows out from the gas outlet at center.Near the wall, form thicker stratum granulosum outside the radial motion of particle under centrifugal action is concentrated in gradually, the result causes granule density in cyclone separator, to present very big non-uniform Distribution.This CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION is the direct reflection of cyclone separator detachment process, and the operating performance of cyclone separator and mode of operation can carry out real time on-line monitoring through the distribution of concentration of cyclone separator.
Experiment measuring (Shaohua Li; Hairui Yang, Hai Zhang, Shi Yang; Junfu Lu; GuangxiYue, Measurements of solid concentration and particle velocity distributions near thewall of a cyclone, Chemical Engineering Journal 150 (2009) 168-173) show that the solid phase particles in the cyclone separator mainly concentrates near the 14mm of wall; The concentration in most of space is very low in the cyclone separator, and near the concentration gradient of gas-solid two phases that the result forms wall is very big.Gamma ray INDUSTRIAL CT IMAGE reconfiguration technique in the past mainly adopts the image reconstruction algorithm in traditional medicine CT.On the one hand, adopt the device of this algorithm to need very accurate radiographic source and detector gearshift; On the other hand, need to gather the long time of lot of data cost, be difficult to realize quick measurement; It is compared with general pipe stream multiphase flow measurement again, and centrifugal concentration field has higher concentration gradient, and the resolution of image reconstruction algorithm is had higher requirement.Still there are not at present a kind of apparatus and method that are applicable to the centrifugal concentration field measurement that commercial Application is on-the-spot; Therefore be necessary to develop a kind of measurement mechanism and image reconstructing method that is applicable to the centrifugal concentration field that commercial Application is on-the-spot; Utilize limited data to obtain the distribution of concentration information of the centrifugal separation equipment of degree of precision fast, thereby reach the purpose of centrifugal separation equipment being carried out effective status monitoring and relevant fault diagnosis.
See that from the patent of existing relevant gamma ray two-phase flow measurement these patents mainly are to carry out the research of relevant tomography algorithm, investigate object with Guan Liuwei master.For example; Chinese patent 201110026739.6; Gamma ray cross section imaging device, multiphase flow rate measurement mechanism and measuring method; Device adopts two groups of beams that concentration field is measured, and adopts traditional CT image reconstruction algorithm that distribution of concentration is carried out reconstruct, can be used for the gas-solid concentration image reconstruction of general pipe stream.This patent still can not be applicable to the measurement of centrifugal concentration field, can not reach the requirement of quick real-time monitoring.
In addition, probe into for the centrifugal concentration field of high that approaches the rotational symmetry distribution.Chinese patent 200810240476.7; Sparse Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid capacitance chromatography imaging measuring method and device that eddy flow concentrates; Adopt the particle of method swirl measurement device of the capacitance chromatography imaging of the 6 pole plates distribution situation that concentrates, be not suitable for on-the-spot high temperature, the concentration field measurement of high pressure cyclone separator.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the gamma ray technology to measure the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast; Be mainly used in the detection and the supervision that relate to centrifugal concentration field tripping device, also can carry out the real-time monitoring of mode of operation for typical centrifugal concentration separation vessels such as petroleum and petrochemical industry.
Gamma ray technology of the present invention is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, comprises gamma-ray source (1), detector (2).It is characterized in that device is by a two-beam radiographic source 1 (Fig. 2) or two single beam line sources 1 (Fig. 3) and two detectors 2 formations; The radiogenic device of two-beam (Fig. 2) is provided with wherein a branch of ray and passes the concentration field center, and another beam line passes other strings that is fit to; The device (Fig. 3,4) of single beam line source then is provided with wherein a branch of ray and passes the concentration field center, and another beam line and last beam bundle intersect (Fig. 3) perhaps parallel (Fig. 4).Gamma-ray source 1 adopts directly to be fixed on detector 2 and perhaps adopts support to be fixed in the both sides outside the centrifugal separating device 3 on the centrifugal separating device 3, does not all have and moves.
The gamma ray technology is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, it is characterized in that: the beam of two or one gamma-ray source emissions adopts parallel (Fig. 4) or has certain included angle (Fig. 3) to pass the centrifugal CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION zone of measurement.
The gamma ray technology is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, and it is characterized in that: described two gamma-ray sources are positioned at the same side of centrifugal separating device, and two detectors are positioned at the opposite side of device, are convenient to the one-sided isolation and the protection of ray.
The gamma ray technology is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, it is characterized in that: in the two bundle gamma rays of radiographic source emission a branch of geometric center through centrifugal separating device is arranged.
Gamma ray technology is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, it is characterized in that: another is restrainted, and only the distance between the central beam and centrifugal separating device geometric center should be less than the concentration field radius and greater than 1/4th of radius.
Image rebuilding method based on the centrifugal concentration field measurement device of above-mentioned gamma ray is provided simultaneously, comprises the construction process of following cyclone separator CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION model.
The detachment process of cyclone separator is that the centrifugal force field that relies on swirling eddy to produce is carried out particle separation.Particle swarm is carried, concentrates, is piled up to wall gradually after receiving action of centrifugal force.Influence particle to the conveying that is air-flow of two principal elements of wall course of conveying and the concentration diffusion of particle self.If the concentration field of cyclone separator is axisymmetric, if the radially outside transporting velocity of particle is u
Pr, the sedimentation flux Q on r place unit area radially then
PrFor:
Q
pr＝C
ru
pr
C wherein
rGranule density for the r place.Simultaneously, owing to the concentration diffusion flux Q of DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE effect through above-mentioned unit area
PdFor:
D in the formula
tBe turbulent flow expanding coefficient.When sedimentation flux and diffusion flux are in balance, Q is arranged
Pr+ Q
Pd=0, thus obtain:
The cyclone separator flow field of the particle behind pure air velocity distribution of cyclone separator and the adding particle is very different, and the tangential velocity of air-flow significantly descends, and the velocity distribution of particle directly receives the effect of air velocity distribution.Particle settling velocity u radially
PrBe the centrifugal force of tangential gas velocity generation and the drag force combined action result that radial gas speed entad produces.According to the characteristic distributions of speed radially in the cyclone separator, suppose cyclone separator endoparticle radial velocity u
PrDistributedly do
u
pr＝K(R-r)
K is a constant in the formula.CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION then:
C
RGranule density for cyclone separator limit wall.Can know that by following formula the principal element that influences cyclone separator endoparticle CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION has radial velocity u
Pr, particle diffusion coefficient D
tGranule density C with the limit wall
RWith particle diffusivity D
tMerge into k with constant K, then following formula further is reduced to:
Army was published in " fuel science and technology " the 14th the 6th phase of volume in 2008 through the ages; The 562-568 page or leaf; Derived the radially CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of cyclone separator of the article of " temperature is to the simulation of cyclone separator endoparticle CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION influence ", the radial velocity of establishing particle in the literary composition is a constant.Radial particle velocity u
PrWith the radial position at particle place certain relation is arranged, so the radial particle velocity u of this model
PrDistributed hypothesis adopts once fitting, and concentration field will more approach the actual conditions of cyclone separator.
Can think that the time equal concentration field of whole cyclone separator meets following axisymmetric CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION model this moment:
Model based on the image rebuilding method of the centrifugal concentration field measurement device of above-mentioned gamma ray has following reconstruction calculations process:
Result for the gamma ray beam measurement data can calculate acquisition line mean concentration, and based on above model, then the line mean concentration of two beam bundles equals respectively:
Cross the center
Cross string
In the formula, R is the inside radius of measured zone, and d is that only central beam is to the distance at center, and L is that only the semifocal chord of central ray in measured zone is long.
The process of reconstruction of figure by above-mentioned model simplification for finding the solution only two unknown numbers, i.e. C in last two formulas
RAnd k.Two unknown numbers of two equations, equation can be found the solution through numerical method.Behind the equation solution with C
RBring in the model with k and can obtain density field distribution.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be described in detail technical scheme of the present invention.
Usually during the cyclone separator steady operation, under certain entrance concentration and its inner gas-solid two phase concentration field distribution are also relatively stable.But the granule density of air inlet sometimes is unsettled in the practical operation; Very big variation appears in granule density; Suddenly rise or descend like cyclone inlet concentration, cause whole separation vessel to be under the unsettled operational load, the separating property of solid phase receives certain influence.When adopting this device and associated picture reconstruction algorithm thereof, can monitor the unstable situation of concentration field in the cyclone separator in real time, also keep watch on the variation of cyclone inlet concentration simultaneously, in time find and handle problems, and the normal operation of assurance device.
In order to obtain the distribution situation in the typical concentrations field in this cyclone separator fast, gather less ray data, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION in whole cross section in the cyclone separator is thought that the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION model that meets is:
In the formula, C
RFor representing the parameter of wall place, centrifugal concentration field limit particle packing degree, its size is represented the Cmax of wall place, limit particle packing, and k is the parameter that is expressed as concentration gradient, and the mixed phase concentration gradient at wall place, the bigger then limit of k will be more little.Only there is the parameter of two the unknowns to find the solution in the model, therefore, only needs two bundles can obtain whole density field distribution situation through the data of the beam of demarcation through the data of radionetric survey.
When two beam bundle close together; The data of radionetric survey are comparatively approaching; Less measurement data disturbance possibly cause bigger figure reconstruction error, and the distance of beam and centrifugal separating device geometric center that therefore generally adopts center only is greater than 1/4th radiuses.
The concentration computation model has the parameter of known physical meaning to constitute by two, and the data of gamma ray collection can be calculated the situation that obtains these two parameters in real time, work as parameters C
ROr k can judge the operation existing problems of cyclone separator when surpassing the scope (confirming according to the equipment operation situation) of normal running, and according to situation about overruning the charging situation of device adjusted, and the normal operation of assurance device.
Gamma ray technology of the present invention is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, sees that accompanying drawing 2～4 comprises gamma-ray source (1), and detector (2).The beam of two single bundles or a two-beam gamma-ray source (1) emission adopts parallel or has certain included angle to pass the centrifugal CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION zone of measurement.Two gamma-ray sources (1) are positioned at the same side of centrifugal separating device (3), and two detectors (2) are positioned at the opposite side of device (3).In the two bundle gamma rays of radiographic source (1) emission a branch of geometric center through centrifugal separating device (3) is arranged.Another is restrainted, and only the distance between the central beam and centrifugal separating device geometric center should be less than the concentration field radius and greater than 1/4th of radius.
Compare with traditional multiphase flow measurement device, gamma ray technology of the present invention is measured the device and the image reconstructing method of cyclone separator concentration field fast, has following remarkable result:
1, the present invention adopts no portable data acquisition modes, and device is simple and be easy to installation, and is strong to the applicability of environment.
2, the present invention adopts two bundles gamma ray in the same way to obtain the distribution of concentration data, is convenient to the protection and the isolation of ray, has higher security.
3, the present invention can long period the ruuning situation of monitoring tripping device, guarantee the normal operation of separation equipment, avoid bringing the improper shut-down of device because of the problem of tripping device.
4, image reconstruction algorithm of the present invention is different with any image reconstruction algorithm in the past; Be used for typical equal concentration field image reconstruction when centrifugal; Can obtain the Cmax at centrifugal separating device CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION, particle packing degree and wall place, realize the detection of distribution of concentration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the detachment process schematic diagram of typical cyclone separator.
Fig. 2 is an injection line source two-beam angle beam measurement device synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a dijection line source two-beam angle beam measurement device synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is an injection line source two-beam parallel-beam measurement mechanism synoptic diagram.
Among the figure, 1-radiographic source, 2-detector, the centrifugal concentration field of 3-zone.
Claims (6)
1. the gamma ray technology is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, comprises radiographic source 1, detector 2.It is characterized in that: device is made up of a two-beam gamma-ray source 1 or two single bundle gamma-ray sources 1 and two detectors 2; Gamma-ray source 1 and detector 2 adopt directly fixing or adopt support to be fixed in the both sides outside the centrifugal separating device 3, all do not have and move.
2. gamma ray technology according to claim 1 is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, it is characterized in that: the beam of two or one gamma-ray source emissions adopts parallel or has certain included angle to pass the centrifugal CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION zone of measurement.
3. gamma ray technology according to claim 1 is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, and it is characterized in that: described two gamma-ray sources are positioned at the same side of centrifugal separating device, and two detectors are positioned at the opposite side of device.
4. gamma ray technology according to claim 1 is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, it is characterized in that: in the two bundle gamma rays of radiographic source emission a branch of geometric center through centrifugal separating device is arranged.
5. gamma ray according to claim 1 technology is measured the device of cyclone separator concentration field fast, it is characterized in that: another is restrainted, and only the distance between the central beam and centrifugal separating device geometric center should be less than centrifugal concentration field radius and greater than 1/4th of radius.
6. measure the image reconstruction algorithm of cyclone separator concentration field device fast according to the said gamma ray technology of claim 1; It is characterized in that whole centrifugal density field distribution is thought the model that meets formula
, and the measurement data of utilizing the gamma ray technology to measure cyclone separator concentration field device fast makes up solving equation and obtains density field distribution.
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| CN103335925A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-10-02 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Long-period gamma-ray online detection device and long-period gamma-ray online detection method for operating state of cyclone separator |
| CN116359072A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-06-30 | 北京锐达仪表有限公司 | Eccentric common-source type multi-channel radiation detection device and multi-parameter high-precision measurement method |
| CN116818813A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-09-29 | 北京锐达仪表有限公司 | Multi-energy high-precision radiation device for detecting density and concentration |
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| CN103335925A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-10-02 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Long-period gamma-ray online detection device and long-period gamma-ray online detection method for operating state of cyclone separator |
| CN116359072A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-06-30 | 北京锐达仪表有限公司 | Eccentric common-source type multi-channel radiation detection device and multi-parameter high-precision measurement method |
| CN116359072B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-15 | 北京锐达仪表有限公司 | Eccentric common-source type multi-channel radiation detection device and multi-parameter high-precision measurement method |
| CN116818813A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-09-29 | 北京锐达仪表有限公司 | Multi-energy high-precision radiation device for detecting density and concentration |
| CN116818813B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2024-01-23 | 北京锐达仪表有限公司 | Multi-energy high-precision radiation device for detecting density and concentration |
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Application publication date: 20120912 |