CN106198294B - Field runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method - Google Patents
Field runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106198294B CN106198294B CN201610681714.2A CN201610681714A CN106198294B CN 106198294 B CN106198294 B CN 106198294B CN 201610681714 A CN201610681714 A CN 201610681714A CN 106198294 B CN106198294 B CN 106198294B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of field runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring methods, including including cylinder, the inlet valve connecting with runoff water inlet pipe, middle part are set at the top of the cylinder and sets out water valve equipped with storage flow chamber, bottom sidewall, set taper weather board below the inlet valve；The storage flow chamber bottom surface is the slope shape water storage bottom plate that cylinder bottom surface is supported on through support construction, and the least significant end of the slope shape water storage bottom plate is corresponding with outlet valve lower end；The cylinder lateral wall is equipped at least one water level probe, and the water level probe height of extreme lower position is flushed with the most significant end of the slope shape water storage bottom plate；The cylinder bottom surface is equipped with weighing sensor.The invention also includes carry out the method that field runoff and sediment monitors automatically using above equipment, structure of the invention it is extremely simple it is reliable, easy to operate, low energy consumption, high degree of automation, sand-flash effect are good, accuracy is high, production it is low with maintenance cost, the method of the present invention is simple, reliable, calculation method is simple, accuracy is high, strong operability.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method, specifically a kind of field runoff
Silt automated monitor and monitoring method.
Background technique
Runoff silt content in soil erosion is one of important parameter for measuring soil erosion and water and soil conservation value
Main contents.According to the difference of measuring principle, silt measurement method can be divided into: direct measuring method and indirect derivation method.Base
The limitation of all many conditions is suffered from the runoff and sediment automated monitor of indirect inference method design, such as power conditions, maintenance
Management, cost etc., these runoff and sediment automated monitors are usually applied to laboratory or the higher region of management level,
The difficulty that field promotes and applies is larger.
Runoff and sediment automated monitor based on direct measuring method design is then largely determined by measurement accuracy and automatic
Change level, such as current runoff and sediment automated monitor using hydrometer method design has largely used small-sized runoff bottle or heavy bottle
As carrying tool, measurement error is larger, and very easy siltation, is not easy to management service；Most of runoff and sediment simultaneously
Automated monitor need stir or pumping equipment, to electric power energy supply propose higher requirement, these also all limit its
The application of remote districts.
It mixes as patent 201510121355.0 is based on two hydrocone type water inlets, and is weighed using small-sized weighing bottle,
This equipment is easy siltation, and there are certain restrictions in maintenance management；Motor driven is utilized in patent 201410232617.6,
With automatic sampling and multi-level run-off and quantity of sand and mud can be measured, but measurement quantity of sand and mud needs to stop water inlet, and measure silt certainly
Dynamicization degree is low, and which has limited it to use in field, and patent 201520151152.1 enters title after siphoning installation three times is utilized
Weight bottle body, and cantilever type weighing sensor weighing has been used, it is counted using impeller and calculates flow, structure constraint is in weighing bottle body
Size and the influence of water flow momentum weighing sensor can not be reduced, there is a certain error, and when unattended, reliability has
Limit.
To sum up, so far, there are following technologies for the equipment design monitored automatically for field soil erosion runoff and sediment
Problem: (1) field environment is severe, unattended, and device structure complexity is not convenient for safeguarding, service life is short, the degree of automation is low, quasi-
True property and stability are poor；(2) motor or motor are needed, energy consumption is high, power supply is difficult, manufacturing cost increases；(3) runoff by
It is unevenly distributed when import is passed through in cylinder, impact liquid level, water level signal and weight signal is caused to acquire inaccuracy.(4) equipment is held
Easy shoal materials, the abundant of silt is emptied as problem, so that the standard measured next time after completing an interim monitoring
True property decline.(5) due to unattended, which must adapt to field work requirement, meets whole-process automatic operation, divides
The function of analysis and transmission.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem, provide a kind of structure it is extremely simple it is reliable, easy to operate,
The field runoff and sediment that low energy consumption, high degree of automation, sand-flash effect are good, accuracy is high, production is low with maintenance cost is supervised automatically
Measurement equipment.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods monitored automatically using above equipment to field runoff and sediment.
Present device includes cylinder, the inlet valve connecting with runoff water inlet pipe is set at the top of the cylinder, middle part is equipped with storage
Flow chamber, bottom sidewall set out water valve, set taper weather board below the inlet valve；The storage flow chamber bottom surface is through support construction branch
The slope shape water storage bottom plate in cylinder bottom surface is supportted, the least significant end of the slope shape water storage bottom plate is corresponding with outlet valve lower end；It is described
Cylinder lateral wall is equipped at least one water level probe, and the water level probe height of extreme lower position and the slope shape water storage bottom plate are most
It is high-end to flush；The cylinder bottom surface is equipped with weighing sensor.
Concave overflow groove is equipped between the inlet valve and taper weather board,
The taper weather board has between taper weather board end and side wall through supporting filter screen to be fixed on side wall
The gap 0.4-0.6cm.
The tilt angle of the slope shape water storage bottom plate is 30 °~50 °.
Further include having control unit, described control unit includes single-chip microcontroller, the single-chip microcontroller respectively with inlet valve and water outlet
Valve positioner, water level probe, the weighing sensor of valve are connected with timer.
It further include having the remote-wireless communication unit connecting with single-chip microcontroller.
The remote-wireless communication unit is Beidou transmission module, and equipment is transmitted after being compressed data, signal
Stablize, the field condition severe suitable for communication condition.
It further include having power supply unit, said supply unit includes that battery and the scene connecting with the battery are mutual
Reissue electric system.
Inventor has made intensive studies existing various measuring devices, improves as follows: (1) impacting to solve water inlet
Greatly, the problem of being unevenly distributed is overflow in inlet valve envisaged underneath concave overflow groove, taper weather board and support filter screen, concave
Sink can weaken the direct impact force of runoff, and can disperse silt in runoff, and runoff can be overflowed with concave overflow groove；Taper is led
Water plate is evenly dispersed to circumference along the conical surface by it for accepting the liquid overflowed by concave overflow groove, flows into runoff along side wall
It stores up in flow chamber, avoids direct impact liquid level, improve the accuracy of measurement, the gap control preferably between taper weather board end and barrel
System is in 0.4-0.6cm, and the excessive runoff that will cause cannot leave along wall, have an impact to water level probe, and the too small influent stream that will cause is slow,
Having can even block when a large amount of silts, influence measurement accuracy；The support filter screen can prevent leaf stone etc. with runoff
Into fluid reservoir, guarantee the accuracy of measurement；(2) creative in storage flow chamber floor design slope shape water storage bottom plate, a side
Face slope shape water storage bottom plate has guiding role, reduces the liquid stock of storage flow chamber bottom, when draining, is conducive to that silt will be contained
Runoff guides drain valve into, is able to achieve fast road draining, improves detection efficiency；On the other hand, slope shape water storage bottom plate is not easy the mud that deposits
Sand, when draining, storage stream indoor liquid can wash away plate face, provide a strong guarantee for accurate measure of next stage, equipment
It is hardly damaged, reduces maintenance cost.(3) at least one water level probe is set, and makes water level probe height and the institute of extreme lower position
The most significant end for stating slope shape water storage bottom plate flushes, and based on the presence of slope shape water storage bottom plate, the water level probe of extreme lower position is set
Counting position can not be too low, if being lower than the most significant end of slope shape water storage bottom plate, the accuracy that may be acquired by influence to sediment,
It is unfavorable for calculating；Also, when only one water level probe, storage can also be made to flow indoor water level most lower than slope shape water storage bottom plate
It is high-end, lead to not form slope shape water storage bottom plate and effectively wash away.(4) inlet valve and outlet valve are controlled by valve positioner
Opening and closing, the valve of the quick response such as solenoid valve can be used in the valve.Entire control process can pass through single-chip microcontroller control
System, the unattended automation of realization truly.(5) water level signal is acquired through water level probe using single-chip microcontroller, through claiming
It retransmits sensor acquisition storage and flows indoor weight signal, the time of a certain water level is reached through timer record, in conjunction with known other
Data can realize calculating analysis in single-chip microcontroller, obtain target data, and realize that data pass by remote-wireless communication unit
It is defeated；(6) motor or motor are not used in whole equipment, while automation, energy consumption control is extremely low, storage battery power supply can be used,
Further, it can also connect wind and solar hybrid generating system and provide electric energy to battery, meet the various requirement of field work, adapt to
The adverse circumstances of field work.
Using above equipment to field soil erosion runoff and sediment automatic monitoring method, comprising the following steps:
(1) inlet valve is opened in control, and the diameter that runoff water inlet pipe flows into flows through inlet valve and flows into the intracorporal storage flow chamber of cylinder, works as water
Meter induction is visited by the water level when position reaches the water level probe of extreme lower position, sends a signal to single-chip microcontroller, when controlling timer record
Between t1, weighing sensor acquire weight M1；Inlet valve closing is controlled simultaneously, and outlet valve is opened, and the intracorporal liquid of cylinder is discharged；
(2) advance in single-chip microcontroller following data processings: the height in conjunction with the water level probe of known extreme lower position is i.e. low
Water level h1, cylinder radius r and water density pWater, substitute into formula and calculate: t1Stage runoff ratet1Stage body
Deposition sand rate
(3) calculated result and data are sent to long-range receiving end through remote-wireless communication unit；
(4) after draining, weighing sensor and timer are reclassified 0, and inlet valve is opened in control, close outlet valve, into
Enter next measurement procedure.
Further, when being equipped with the water level probe of n different vertical height in cylinder, then in step (1), control water inlet
Valve is persistently intake, and water level is successively incuded by the water level probe of different vertical height, then timer respective record t1、t2……tn, claim
It retransmits sensor and acquires weight M1、 M2……Mn, until control inlet valve is closed, out after highest water level probe senses water level
Water valve is opened, and the intracorporal liquid of cylinder is discharged；
In step (2), following data processings of advancing in single-chip microcontroller: in conjunction with the water level probe of known n different location
Height, that is, water level h1、h2……hn, cylinder radius r, cylinder floor space π r2With the density p of waterWater, substitute into formula and calculate, obtain
The average value Q and S of stage runoff rate and silt rate:
Design structure of the present invention it is extremely simple it is reliable, easy to operate, without electric motor or motor, low energy consumption, automation journey
Degree is high, accuracy is high, production is low with maintenance cost, and long service life, sand-flash effect are good, become silted up in equipment without silt in actual use
Product, for a long time using being also able to maintain excellent accuracy, monitored automatically especially suitable for field soil erosion runoff and sediment.This hair
Bright method is simple, reliable, calculation method is simple, accuracy is high, strong operability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present device structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is present device control principle drawing.
Fig. 3 is the comparative analysis figure of silt content test value and standard value.
Fig. 4 is the comparative analysis of run-off test value and standard value.
Wherein, 1. runoff water inlet pipe；2. inlet water solenoid valve door；3. concave overflow groove；4. electromagnetic valve controller；5. support
Filter screen；6. taper weather board；7. storing up flow chamber；8. timer；Water level probe on 9.；10. lower water level probe；11. being discharged electromagnetism
Valve；12. pedestal bayonet；13. weighing sensor；14. support rod；15. ramp type water storage bottom plate；16. cylinder；17. gap；
18. battery；19. single-chip microcontroller, 20. Beidou data transfer units；21. pedestal；22. wind and solar hybrid generating system.
Specific embodiment
Explanation is further explained to present device with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Referring to Fig. 1, present device includes for cylinder 16, control unit, remote-wireless communication unit and is equipment
The power supply unit of power supply.
Set at the top of the cylinder 16 inlet valve (as inlet water solenoid valve door 2 in the present embodiment) being connect with runoff water inlet pipe 1,
Middle part is equipped with storage flow chamber 7, bottom sidewall sets out water valve (being water outlet solenoid valve door 11 in the present embodiment), the inlet water solenoid valve door
2 lower sections set concave overflow groove 3, the lower square cone weather board 6 (preferably conical) of the concave overflow groove 3, the taper water guide
Plate 6 has described in the gap 0.4-0.6cm 17 through supporting filter screen 5 to be fixed on side wall, and between 6 end of taper weather board and side wall
Storing up 7 bottom surface of flow chamber is the slope shape water storage bottom plate 15 that cylinder bottom surface is supported on through support construction (the present embodiment is support rod 14),
The tilt angle a of the slope shape water storage bottom plate 15 is 30 °~50 °, and least significant end is corresponding with 11 lower end of water outlet solenoid valve door；Institute
Cylinder lateral wall is stated equipped at least one water level probe (being equipped with upper water level probe 9 and lower water level probe 10 in the present embodiment), and most
The water level probe (lower water level probe 10) of lower position is highly flushed with the most significant end of the slope shape water storage bottom plate 15；The cylinder
16 bottom surfaces are equipped with weighing sensor 13.
Described control unit includes single-chip microcontroller 19, the single-chip microcontroller 19 respectively with inlet water solenoid valve door 2 and water outlet solenoid valve
Electromagnetic valve controller 4, upper water level probe 9, lower water level probe 10, weighing sensor 13 and the timer 8 of door 11 connect.
The remote-wireless communication unit is Beidou data transfer unit 20, is transmitted after being compressed data, is believed
Number stabilization, the field condition severe suitable for communication condition.
Said supply unit includes battery 18 and the wind and solar hybrid generating system connecting with the battery 22.
Battery 18 in the present embodiment, in described control unit, remote-wireless communication unit and power supply unit
It installs concentratedly in the pedestal 21 of 16 bottom part down of cylinder, pedestal 21 is fixed through pedestal bayonet 12.
Monitoring process embodiment 1:
1) when rainfall, single-chip microcontroller 19 controls inlet water solenoid valve door 2 through electromagnetic valve controller 4 and opens, water outlet solenoid valve door
11 close, and diameter flows through runoff water inlet pipe 1 and flows into 3 in concave overflow groove, and concave overflow groove 3 can weaken the direct impact force of runoff,
And silt in runoff can be dispersed, runoff filters through support filter screen 5 after overflowing with concave overflow groove 3 and then flows into taper weather board
6 upper surfaces after runoff is uniformly distributed by taper weather board 6, flow into storage flow chamber 7 through gap 17 along the side wall of cylinder 16, thus
Water inlet avoids direct impact liquid level, by time t1When water level reaches lower water level probe 10, water level probe 10 sends a signal to list
Piece machine, weighing sensor 13, which records and information is passed to single-chip microcontroller 19, is stored as weight M1, while timer 8 records time t1And
Information is passed to single-chip microcontroller 19, single-chip microcontroller acquisition obtains t1 and M1；The closing of inlet water solenoid valve door 2, water outlet solenoid valve are controlled simultaneously
Door 11 is opened, and due to the effect of ramp type water storage bottom plate 15, cracking can will be stored up the liquid in flow chamber 7 and is discharged, will not deposit
Silt does not influence the accuracy of weighing next time；
2) it advances in single-chip microcontroller 19 following data processings: in conjunction with the height i.e. low water level of known lower water level probe 10
h1, cylinder radius r and water density pWater, substitute into formula and calculate: t1Stage runoff ratet1Stage volume
Silt rate
(3) calculated result and data are sent to long-range receiving end through Beidou data transfer unit 20；It is long-range as needed
Also capable of emitting control signal sends single-chip microcontroller 19 to and executes corresponding control after the reception of Beidou data transfer unit 20 for receiving end
Instruction, such as equipment open or close.
(4) after draining, single-chip microcontroller 19 controls weighing sensor 13 and timer 8 reclassifies 0, and water inlet is opened in control
Valve closes outlet valve, into next measurement procedure.
Monitoring process embodiment 2
Step (1) is identical as monitoring process embodiment 1, unlike, after water level reaches lower water level probe 10, keep holding
Continuous water inlet passes through time t to water level2In arrival when water level probe 9, weighing sensor 13 records and information is passed to single-chip microcontroller
19 are stored as weight M2, the record of timer 8 time t2And information is passed to single-chip microcontroller 19 and is stored as t2, single-chip microcontroller 19 passes through and electromagnetism
Valve control unit 4 controls inlet water solenoid valve door 2 and closes, and water outlet solenoid valve door 11 is opened, and cracking can will store up in flow chamber 7
Liquid discharge；
In step (2), following data processings of advancing in single-chip microcontroller 19: in conjunction with known lower water level probe 10 height i.e.
Low water level h1, upper water level probe height, that is, high water level h2, cylinder radius r and water density pWater, substitute into formula and calculate, obtain rank
The average value Q and S of section runoff rate and silt rate:
Stage runoff rate
Step (3) and step (4) are the same as monitoring process embodiment 1.
Further, as needed, more than two water level probe (not shown)s can also be set on cylinder 16,
Its monitoring process principle is by embodiment 2, following data processings of advancing in single-chip microcontroller: in conjunction with the water of known n different location
Height, that is, water level h1, h2 ... hn, cylinder radius r, the cylinder floor space π r of position probe2With the density p of waterWater, substitute into formula meter
It calculates, obtains the average value Q and S of stage runoff rate and silt rate:
In order to verify the accuracy of present device monitoring, inventor has carried out following experiment:
Weigh miV is added in g soiliIn L water, quantity of sand and mud S is preparedi=mi/ViMud mixture prepares multiple groups difference gradient
Si, to test the measurement accuracy to quantity of sand and mud.Flow V is controlled using quantitative control flowmeteri, test run-off measurement
Accuracy.
Control Si, do not control ViIt is tested, reads 5 data, flat quasi- value and the mark for acquiring quantity of sand and mud measurement are poor.Control
Flow V processedi, do not control SiIt is tested, reads 5 data, flat quasi- value and the mark for acquiring run-off measurement are poor.
Experimental result is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, as shown, the test value of quantity of sand and mud and run-off and true value have it is ten clearly demarcated
Aobvious correlativity, and the measured value of quantity of sand and mud and true value relative error be within 7.8%, the test value of run-off and true
It is worth relative error within 4.1%, equipment has preferable measurement accuracy.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of field runoff and sediment automated monitor, including cylinder, which is characterized in that set at the top of the cylinder and flowed into diameter
The inlet valve of water pipe connection, middle part are equipped with storage flow chamber, bottom sidewall sets out water valve, set taper weather board below the inlet valve,
Concave overflow groove is equipped between the inlet valve and taper weather board；The storage flow chamber bottom surface is to be supported on cylinder through support construction
The tilt angle of bottom surface is 30 °~50 ° of slope shape water storage bottom plate, under the least significant end and outlet valve of the slope shape water storage bottom plate
End corresponds to；The cylinder lateral wall is equipped at least one water level probe, and the water level probe height of extreme lower position and the slope shape
The most significant end of water storage bottom plate flushes；The cylinder bottom surface is equipped with weighing sensor.
2. runoff and sediment automated monitor in field as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the taper weather board is through propping up
Support filter screen is fixed on side wall, and has the gap 0.4-0.6cm between taper weather board end and side wall.
3. runoff and sediment automated monitor in field as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that further include having control single
Member, described control unit include single-chip microcontroller, and the single-chip microcontroller is visited with the valve positioner of inlet valve and outlet valve, water level respectively
Needle, weighing sensor are connected with timer.
4. runoff and sediment automated monitor in field as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that further include having to connect with single-chip microcontroller
The remote-wireless communication unit connect.
5. runoff and sediment automated monitor in field as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the remote-wireless communication
Unit is Beidou data transfer unit.
6. runoff and sediment automated monitor in field as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it further include having power supply unit,
Said supply unit includes battery and the wind and solar hybrid generating system that connect with the battery.
7. a kind of use any one of the claim 1-6 equipment to field runoff and sediment automatic monitoring method, which is characterized in that
The following steps are included:
(1) inlet valve is opened in control, and the diameter that runoff water inlet pipe flows into flows through inlet valve and flows into the storage flow chamber of cylinder, when water level arrives
Up to extreme lower position water level probe when meter induction visited by the water level, send a signal to single-chip microcontroller, control timer record time t1,
Weighing sensor acquires weight M1；Inlet valve closing is controlled simultaneously, and outlet valve is opened, and the intracorporal liquid of cylinder is discharged；
(2) following data processings are carried out in single-chip microcontroller: in conjunction with the height i.e. low water level of the water level probe of known extreme lower position
h1, cylinder radius r and water density pWater, substitute into formula and calculate: t1Stage runoff ratet1Stage body deposition
Husky rate
(3) calculated result and data are sent to long-range receiving end through remote-wireless communication unit；
(4) after draining, weighing sensor and timer are reclassified 0, and inlet valve is opened in control, outlet valve are closed, under
One measurement procedure.
8. runoff and sediment automatic monitoring method in field as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that a not when being equipped with n in cylinder
With vertical height water level probe when, then in step (1), control inlet valve persistently intake, water level is successively by different vertical height
Water level probe induction, then timer respective record t1、t2……tn, weighing sensor acquisition weight M1、M2……Mn, until most
After high water level probe senses water level, control inlet valve is closed, and outlet valve is opened, and the intracorporal liquid of cylinder is discharged；
In step (2), following data processings are carried out in single-chip microcontroller: in conjunction with the height of the water level probe of known n different location
Degree is water level h1、h2……hn, cylinder radius r and water density pWater, substitute into formula and calculate, obtain stage runoff rate and silt
The average value Q and S of rate:
。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610681714.2A CN106198294B (en) | 2016-08-18 | 2016-08-18 | Field runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method |
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| CN201610681714.2A CN106198294B (en) | 2016-08-18 | 2016-08-18 | Field runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method |
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| CN106198294B true CN106198294B (en) | 2018-12-28 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106592690A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Automatic interflow recovery system and recovery method |
| CN106769607A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of system and detection method of dynamic detection slope runoff sediment charge |
| CN107764591A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-06 | 黄河流域水土保持生态环境监测中心 | A kind of small watershed bayonet socket station runoff and sediment automatic sampling system |
| CN107727152B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2024-01-30 | 长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站 | Automatic field soil erosion monitoring device and monitoring method |
| CN108007815A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-05-08 | 淮阴师范学院 | Unattended runoff silt content detection device and system |
| CN107843705A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-03-27 | 重庆多邦科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Water Test Kits for being used to analyze underground water |
| CN110375808A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-25 | 成都理工大学 | Runoff and sediment monitoring method and system |
| CN111623860B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-02-26 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Multi-path weighing wireless remote dynamic collector for rolled sand and stone on surface layer of landslide |
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