CN106197287A - Self-calibration measurement apparatus and method for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter - Google Patents
Self-calibration measurement apparatus and method for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106197287A CN106197287A CN201610628659.0A CN201610628659A CN106197287A CN 106197287 A CN106197287 A CN 106197287A CN 201610628659 A CN201610628659 A CN 201610628659A CN 106197287 A CN106197287 A CN 106197287A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of self-calibration measurement apparatus for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter and method, the measurement target drone no less than one on point is measured with being arranged on large structure including imaging system, also include being arranged on large structure deformation or the benchmark target in the negligible region of change in displacement, benchmark target and measurement target drone imaging on the diverse location of the sensitive unit of imaging system, displacement or the deformation parameter of measuring point are calculated according to result and the basic target target result of measurement target drone.The present invention and overcome measurement system and deform, because of self installation foundation, the measurement error caused because of ambient temperature, ageing or imaging system, improve certainty of measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical meaurement technical field, relate to a kind of for large structure displacement and deformation measuring device,
A kind of self-alignment long-range displacement or the device and method of distortion measurement.
Background technology
Large structure includes bridge, dam, tunnel, slope and building construction etc., and its deformation mainly includes static deformation
And dynamic deformation, static deformation refers to that ground sink, tilts and deformation that the change such as stress relaxation is the slowest, dynamic deformation refer to by
The shortterm deflection that Yu Feng, temperature, earthquake, traffic load or site operation etc. cause, its parameter monitoring is commented for the safety of target
Estimate analysis and there is important effect.
Traditional large structure such as bridge, the instrument of its deformation detection have dial gauge, amesdial, accelerometer, level gauge,
Theodolite etc..At present, these instruments are still widely used in bridge acceptance, periodic detection, however it is necessary that professional and technical personnel,
Time-consuming, laborious, personal error is big, can not realize far away online, real-time, automatic, intelligent measure.In recent years, information technology is fluffy
The exhibition of breaking out has driven the development of bridge deformation measurement technology significantly, has emerged in large numbers many new technology and methods, such as laser amount of deflection
Method and GPS (Global Position System) position measurement method.Laser flexometer can realize submillimeter displacement measurement, but
That range is only capable of reaching several tens cm, it is impossible to meet the measurement for bridge large deformation that span is bigger, its vertical displacement up to
Meter level；Gps position measurement method can realize the large deformation of real-time online measuring bridge, but its precision intelligence reaches Centimeter Level, and
Costly, limit its popularization and application.
Since the latter stage seventies, solid state image sensor occurred, there are many scholars both at home and abroad with image sensings such as CCD
Device is medium, and image processing techniques is used for bridge, the research of beams of concrete deformation measurement.Application No. 200820241096.0
Chinese patent " a kind of bridge moving displacement measuring device based on machine vision " disclose and a kind of combined by lasing light emitter and CCD
Measure the measurement apparatus of bridge dynamic deformation, by the position of laser beam during recording bridge deformation with CCD at bridge far-end
Put change, be calculated the deformation parameter of bridge.The subject matter that current this kind of displacement transducer exists is: ccd image senses
Device needs to be used in combination with alignment laser, adds the complexity of system.
The Chinese patent " a kind of Real-time Monitoring System of Bridges " of Application No. 201410145554.0 discloses a kind of bridge
The remote measuring unit of dynamic displacement, uses and middle is held away from powering up target in the fixing target of bridge, and needs at bridge
The place of displacement to be monitored is provided with CCD camera so that target is imaged in the photosensitive unit of CCD, by the target figure obtained in real time
As the position on CCD, it is calculated the dynamic displacement on bridge tested point.This scheme there is the problem that one, measures system
Unite the relative displacement by measurement target drone imaging point on CCD and be calculated displacement and the deformation parameter of bridge, because CCD holds
Being vulnerable to ambient temperature, the impact of the factor such as ageing, measurement error is relatively big, needs frequent calibration could realize the exhausted of displacement
To measurement；Two, being limited by execution conditions, CCD generally also fixes on the body of a bridge of bridge, thus the position at CCD place also with
The change of external environment, stress loading and be deformed, cause one system background error of superposition on the parametric results measured,
Have impact on certainty of measurement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of self-calibration measurement apparatus for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter and method,
On the basis of traditional measurement target, add a benchmark target, and this benchmark target is secured in place shifting and deforms insignificant
Region, utilizes same image-generating unit real-time monitoring criteria target and measurement target drone position over time, overcomes imaging
Unit is because of variation of ambient temperature and self is stressed the systematic error that change causes, and substantially increases certainty of measurement.
The technology contents of the present invention is as follows:
For the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, including data processing centre, imaging
System and the measurement target drone no less than being arranged on large structure measurement point, also include being arranged on large structure
Deformation or the benchmark target in the negligible region of change in displacement, described benchmark target and measurement target drone are first in the sensitivity of imaging system
Diverse location on imaging, displacement or the deformation parameter of measuring point calculate according to the result of measurement target drone and basic target target result
Obtain.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, large structure includes bridge
Beam, dam, tunnel, slope and building construction.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, imaging system, measurement target
Mark, benchmark target are fixed on large structure by the pole of different length so that measurement target drone and basic target are marked on imaging
Imaging on the diverse location of the sensitive unit of system.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, benchmark target and measurement target
Target be specific pattern or continuously work power up target.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, power up target for lining up one
LED or the LD light bar of shaped.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, imaging system includes optics
Camera lens, imageing sensor, core control functional unit, process memory element and remote communication unit；Imageing sensor be CCD or
Cmos sensor, core control functional unit include trigger signal detection module, image data acquiring module, image gray processing and
Zoom module and target image feature are mentioned and identification module, for process and the identification of target image；Process memory element with
Core controls functional unit and is connected, for storage and the process of view data；Described remote communication unit stores list with processing
Unit couples, for the long-range transmission of view data.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, imaging system is by wireless
Gprs system, mobile radio network transport module or optical cable transmission system transmit measurement result to data processing centre.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, core controls functional unit
Built by DSP.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measurement apparatus of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, imaging system is CCD picture
Machine or cmos sensor.
For the self-calibration measuring method of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, comprise the following steps:
[1] install: installing measurement target drone and benchmark target on large structure, wherein measurement target drone is arranged on to be measured
Point position, benchmark target is arranged on deformation or the negligible region of change in displacement；
[2] measure: open imaging system so that benchmark target and measurement target drone are at the not coordination of the sensitive unit of imaging system
Put imaging, obtain benchmark target and the shift value of measurement target drone.
[3] calibration: imaging system carries out data process, obtains benchmark target and the shift value of measurement target drone；And according to
Basic target target positional value, is modified calibration to the shift value of measurement target drone, and deduction imaging system is because of self installation foundation position
The measurement error that shipper pole comes, it is thus achieved that the real displacement value of point is measured at measurement target drone place.
Above-mentioned in the self-calibration measuring method of large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter, in step [3] calibration
Step includes:
[3.1] according to the change in location value of measurement target drone, and the distance between measurement target drone and imaging system, imaging are combined
The optical parametric of system, is calculated the shift value x1 of the measurement point at measurement target drone place；
[3.2] according to basic target target change in location value, and the distance between benchmark target and imaging system, imaging are combined
The optical parametric of system, is calculated the basis displacement value x0 of imaging system；
[3.3] calibrated rear displacement x 11=x1-x0 measuring point.
The Advantageous Effects that the present invention has is as follows:
1, the present invention is on the basis of the displacement measuring device that existing CCD camera and measurement target drone form, and adds one
Benchmark target, its displacement caused in the measurements or to deform negligible be zero；In installation and debugging so that benchmark target and measurement target
Mark is imaged on CCD camera simultaneously, and in data handling, revises real measurement point according to basic target target shift value
Shift value, thus overcome measurement system because ambient temperature, ageing or imaging system are because of the deformation of self installation foundation or displacement
The measurement error caused, improves certainty of measurement.
2, the core of the present invention controls functional unit employing embedded system, and compact conformation is reliable, convenient application；Set simultaneously
It is equipped with telecommunication transmission unit, the result measured can be passed through wireless transmitting system or the light such as gprs system, 3G wireless network
The line transmission systems such as cable, transmit the night shift room to far-end, meet the round-the-clock field work requirement of long-range unmanned.
3, the target of the present invention uses LED or the LD light bar powered up as target, it is possible to achieve 24 hours round-the-clock works
Making, and have the advantages that characteristic target extracts conveniently and accuracy is high, certainty of measurement improves the most accordingly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that measurement apparatus of the present invention applies schematic diagram on common bridge；
Fig. 2 is that Fig. 1 measurement apparatus installs application top view on common bridge；
Target and measurement target drone image space schematic diagram on CCD pixel on the basis of Fig. 3；
Fig. 4 is imaging system theory of constitution schematic diagram of the present invention；
Reference is as follows: 1 optical lens；2 imageing sensors；3 trigger control unit；4 telecommunication lists
Unit；5 cores control functional unit；6 process memory element；11 large structures；12 imaging systems；13 measure target
Mark；14 benchmark targets；15 poles；16 measurement target drone images；17 basic target logo image；18 display screens.
Detailed description of the invention
The measurement system of the present invention is mainly used in displacement or the distortion measurement of some key position on large structure, wherein
Large structure includes bridge, dam, tunnel, slope and building construction, below as a example by bridge.
As it is shown in figure 1, for large scale structure composition deformation or the self-calibration measurement apparatus of displacement parameter, including imaging system
12, it is arranged on large structure and measures the measurement target drone 13 no less than on point, and be arranged on large structure deformation
Or the benchmark target 14 in the negligible region of change in displacement, benchmark target 14 and measurement target drone 13 are in the sensitive unit of imaging system 12
Imaging on diverse location, measures the displacement or deformation parameter the put result according to measurement target drone 13 and the result meter of benchmark target 14
Obtain.
On the one hand imaging system, in measuring application, due to ambient temperature, the factor impact such as ageing, causes measurement target drone
13 imagings on CCD occur position to move；On the other hand, limited by execution conditions, the position that imaging system 12 is installed
As apply stress loading and cause the displacement of imaging system self, so produce systematic error, need deduction.Such as
Imaging system 12 and measurement target drone 13 are installed in the general position of the bridge body of a bridge, when having load-carrying vehicle through out-of-date, imaging system
12 self can produce a systematic displacement error because of the weight of load-carrying vehicle, at this moment measure by imaging system 12 and obtain
The displacement of measurement target drone 13 one Systematic Errors that has been the equal of superposition.The present invention is in the deformation of large structure or position
Move the negligible region of change and be mounted with benchmark target 14, according to relative motion principle, the benchmark target that imaging system measurement obtains
The displacement of 14 is exactly the systematic error of imaging system 12 self, is measured displacement a little or deformation after deduction accurately.
As in figure 2 it is shown, imaging system 12, measurement target drone 13 and benchmark target 14 are fixed on by the pole 15 of different length
On bridge so that measurement target drone 13 and benchmark target 14 imaging on the diverse location of the sensitive unit of imaging system 12.Basic target
Mark can be fixed on the insignificant bridge pier of deformation.Measurement target drone 13 can be many, only draws one in figure for the sake of simplicity
Only.
The imaging in the photosensitive unit of CCD of measurement target drone 13 and benchmark target 14 is as it is shown on figure 3,16,17 be respectively and survey in figure
Amount target image and basic target logo image, 18 is display screen.It is zero or displacement is the least owing to benchmark target 14 is in displacement
Near bridge pier, therefore its displacement is negligible, and measurement target drone 13 and imaging system 12 are all in the middle part of bridge displacement and deformation
Big region, when load-carrying vehicle sails bridge into, can make the image of measurement target drone 13 produce the displacement x 1 of above-below direction, form
As the background displacement of system CCD self generation is exactly displacement x O of benchmark target 14, it is deducted, is surveyed accurately
Amount point shift value.
As shown in Figure 4, imaging system includes that optical lens 1, imageing sensor 2, core control functional unit 5, process and deposit
Storage unit 6 and remote communication unit 4；Imageing sensor 2 is CCD or cmos sensor, and core controls functional unit 5 and includes triggering
Signal detection module, image data acquiring module, image gray processing and Zoom module and target image feature are mentioned and identify mould
Block, for process and the identification of target image；Process memory element 6 to be connected, for view data with core control functional unit 5
Storage and process；Remote communication unit 4 couples with processing memory element 6, for the long-range transmission of view data.
Optical lens 1 aim in measured target arrange target, the camera lens of the most optional zoom, by difference away from
On, different size of target imaging to imageing sensor, this working method has good adaptability to measuring target, and
Having the advantages that measurement scope is big, wherein imageing sensor 2 is CCD or cmos sensor, obtains measured target in real time
Image.
The target of the present invention can be a specific pattern on destination object or continuously work power up target.This device
Less demanding to target, if using LED or the LD light bar powered up as target, then can realize 24 hours round-the-clock works
Making, and have the advantages that characteristic target extracts conveniently and accuracy is high, certainty of measurement improves the most accordingly.
Trigger control unit 3 is for providing the triggering signal needed for remote displacement sensor, and sensor does not works, only
Having when the external world triggers signal arrival, displacement transducer is just started working, and reduces data storage and the pressure of data transmission.Far
Journey communication unit 4 couples with processing memory element 6, for the long-range transmission of view data.
Remote communication unit 4 can be that the mobile radio network transport module such as wireless GPRS system, 3G, 4G or optical cable etc. have
Line transmission system, transmits measurement result to the night shift room of far-end, meets the round-the-clock field work of long-range unmanned and wants
Ask.
The present invention is as follows for large scale structure composition deformation or the concrete measuring process of displacement parameter:
[1] install: installing measurement target drone and benchmark target on large structure, wherein measurement target drone is arranged on to be measured
Point position, benchmark target is arranged on deformation or the negligible region of change in displacement；
[2] measure: open imaging system so that benchmark target and measurement target drone are at the not coordination of the sensitive unit of imaging system
Put imaging；
[3] calibration: imaging system carries out data process, obtains benchmark target and the shift value of measurement target drone；And according to
Basic target target positional value, is modified calibration to the shift value of measurement target drone, and deduction imaging system is because of self installation foundation position
The measurement error that shipper pole comes, it is thus achieved that the real displacement value of point is measured at measurement target drone place.
Wherein the calibration steps in step [3] includes:
[3.1] according to the change in location value of measurement target drone, and the distance between measurement target drone and imaging system, imaging are combined
The optical parametric of system, is calculated the shift value x1 of the measurement point at measurement target drone place；
[3.2] according to basic target target change in location value, and the distance between benchmark target and imaging system, imaging are combined
The optical parametric of system, is calculated the basis displacement value x0 of imaging system；
[3.3] calibrated rear displacement x 11=x1-x0 measuring point.
Wherein step [3.3] is that the displacement to measurement target drone is calibrated, overcome because of imaging system installation foundation displacement or
The error that deformation causes, owing to benchmark target is fixed on large structure deformation or the negligible region of change in displacement, therefore it is surveyed
The shift value measured i.e. can be equivalent to the displacement that imaging system own foundation produces, and is deducted and just obtains measurement target drone institute
The real displacement value of measurement point, in calculating displacement be upwards on the occasion of, be downwards negative value.
The present invention is applied in bridge displacement detects, and the range that can measure displacement at present is 10m level, certainty of measurement
Reaching 0.1mm level, temporal resolution is 100ms.
Claims (10)
1. for large scale structure composition deformation or the self-calibration measurement apparatus of displacement parameter, including data processing centre, imaging system
System (12) and the measurement target drone (13) no less than being arranged on large structure (11) measurement point, it is characterised in that: also
Including being arranged on the upper deformation of large structure (11) or the benchmark target (14) in the negligible region of change in displacement, described basic target
Mark (14) and measurement target drone (13) imaging on the diverse location of the sensitive unit of imaging system (12), data processing centre obtains into
After the measurement result of system, according to benchmark target and the measurement result of measurement target drone, it is calculated displacement or the change measuring point
Shape parameter.
Self-calibration measurement apparatus for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: described large structure (11) includes bridge, dam, tunnel, slope and building construction.
Self-calibration measurement apparatus for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: described imaging system (12), measurement target drone (13) and benchmark target (14) are fixed on by the pole of different length
On large structure so that measurement target drone (13) and benchmark target (14) are on the diverse location of the sensitive unit of imaging system (12)
Imaging.
Self-calibration measurement apparatus for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: described benchmark target (14) and measurement target drone (13) be specific pattern or continuously work power up target.
Self-calibration measurement apparatus for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter the most according to claim 4, it is special
Levy and be: the described target that powers up is LED or the LD light bar lining up definite shape.
Self-calibration measurement apparatus for large structure vertical displacement or deformation the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: described imaging system will be surveyed by wireless GPRS system, mobile radio network transport module or optical cable transmission system
Amount result is transmitted to data processing centre.
Self-calibration measurement apparatus for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: described imaging system includes that optical lens (1), imageing sensor (2), core control functional unit (5), process and deposit
Storage unit (6) and remote communication unit (4)；Described imageing sensor (2) is CCD or cmos sensor, described core control
Functional unit processed (5) includes triggering signal detection module, image data acquiring module, image gray processing and Zoom module and target
Characteristics of image is mentioned and identification module, for process and the identification of target image；Described process memory element (6) and core control
Functional unit processed (5) is connected, for storage and the process of view data；Described remote communication unit (4) stores list with processing
Unit (6) couples, for the long-range transmission of view data.
Self-calibration measurement apparatus for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: described imaging system (12) is CCD camera or cmos sensor.
9. for large scale structure composition deformation or the self-calibration measuring method of displacement parameter, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
[1] install: installing measurement target drone and benchmark target on large structure, wherein measurement target drone is arranged on some position to be measured
Putting, benchmark target is arranged on deformation or the negligible region of change in displacement；
[2] measure: open imaging system so that benchmark target and measurement target drone are on the diverse location of the sensitive unit of imaging system
Imaging；
[3] calibration: imaging system carries out data process, obtains benchmark target and the shift value of measurement target drone；And according to benchmark
The positional value of target, is modified calibration to the shift value of measurement target drone, and deduction imaging system is because of self installation foundation displacement band
The measurement error come, it is thus achieved that the real displacement value of point is measured at measurement target drone place.
Self-calibration measuring method for large scale structure composition deformation or displacement parameter the most according to claim 9, it is special
Levying and be, the calibration steps in described step [3] includes:
[3.1] according to the change in location value of measurement target drone, and the distance between measurement target drone and imaging system, imaging system are combined
Optical parametric, be calculated the shift value x1 of the measurement point at measurement target drone place；
[3.2] according to basic target target change in location value, and the distance between benchmark target and imaging system, imaging system are combined
Optical parametric, be calculated the basis displacement value x0 of imaging system；
[3.3] calibrated rear displacement x 11=x1-x0 measuring point.
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