CN106194607B - 复合部件 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN106194607B
CN106194607B CN201610366606.6A CN201610366606A CN106194607B CN 106194607 B CN106194607 B CN 106194607B CN 201610366606 A CN201610366606 A CN 201610366606A CN 106194607 B CN106194607 B CN 106194607B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
composite
elongate
tapered end
thin end
thickness
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
CN201610366606.6A
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English (en)
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CN106194607A (zh
Inventor
P.T.海登
H.贝默
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LM Wind Power UK Ltd
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Blade Dynamics Ltd
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Publication of CN106194607A publication Critical patent/CN106194607A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1226—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B29C66/12261—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment the two joint-segments being bevelled, e.g. the two joint-segments forming a V
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B29C66/12821—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
    • B29C66/12822—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments comprising at least three overlap joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • B29C66/12842—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments comprising at least three butt joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/06—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
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    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

一种复合部件包括第一长形复合元件和第二长形复合元件。各个具有带互补锥形端表面的楔形端。构件中的至少一个由浸渍在树脂中的纤维层的叠堆形成，其中锥形端表面由各个纤维层形成，该各个纤维层朝楔的薄端比相邻层更远地逐渐沿纵向延伸，在该薄端处，纤维层具有最大纵向范围。构件在它们的锥形端处由粘合剂连结，并且至少一个构件的固化复合材料的性质和/或粘合剂的性质相比于锥形表面的其余部分在楔的薄端附近不同，以便减小该区域中的应力集中。

Description

复合部件
技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及复合部件。
背景技术
具体而言，其针对复合部件，该复合部件包括第一长形复合元件和第二长形复合元件，各个具有带互补的锥形端表面的楔形端；构件中的至少一个由浸渍在树脂中的纤维层压板的叠堆形成，锥形端表面由各个纤维层形成，该各个纤维层朝楔的薄端比相邻层更远地逐渐沿纵向延伸，在该薄端处，纤维层具有最大纵向范围；构件在它们的锥形端处由粘合剂连结。
此类复合部件在WO2012/004571中公开。该文献公开了“双嵌接”接头，其可将风轮机叶片的相邻构件的两个翼梁缘条区段连结在一起。这些翼梁缘条可"在原地"连结，允许大风轮机叶片接近它们的使用点组装。作为备选，其公开了在工厂环境中连结翼梁缘条构件的方法。在实施例中，双嵌接翼梁缘条接头为高度有益的。它们允许风轮机叶片由一定数量的小构件制成，该一定数量的小构件组装成更复杂的子组件。它们还允许子组件在非工厂环境中以不显著增大接头的寄生质量的方式潜在地简单且牢固地连结在一起。
发明内容
本发明涉及此类接头的改进。构思较宽地应用于除风轮机叶片翼梁缘条的其它领域，其中需要在两个长形复合构件之间的牢固接头。
嵌接接头的重要特征为"嵌接角"。这是形成接头表面的倾斜表面的角倾斜。如果角相对陡峭，则接头表面处的纤维的各个叠堆的末端之间的纵向距离为小的，由此将应力分布集中于相对小的纵向长度上。在另一方面，太浅的嵌接角可在嵌接接头的纵向范围是显著的时产生实际问题。此外，此类接头在复合构件的薄端处，特别是在脆弱的粘合剂的情况下易于失效。这涉及树脂缺少的潜在问题。这由树脂不能够充分地穿透薄端使得纤维未润湿而引起，或者因为树脂在固化过程期间远离该区域流动。该树脂缺少可潜在地加剧薄端处的剥落的上述问题。
根据本发明，所述类型的复合部件特征在于至少一个构件的固化复合材料的性质和/或粘合剂的性质相比于锥形表面的其余部分在楔的薄端附近不同，以便减小该区域中的应力集中。
因此，本发明能够通过特别是针对复合构件的薄端来改进接头的质量，在该处出于以上给出的原因，问题最大。然而，通过具体针对这些区域，改进可获得，而不禁止地增加接头的成本。
薄端区域中的应力集中可通过改进接头的质量来减小，导致了缺陷减少和因此应力集中减小。作为备选，应力集中可通过如下文关于板层层陈述那样使应力更均匀分布来减小。
性质不同的方式可为选自以下组的一种或更多种：纤维层厚度、纤维/树脂体积、纤维材料、树脂材料、纤维层之间的纵向间距，以及粘合材料。
通过减小纤维层厚度，有效地通过使用楔的薄端附近的较薄板层，减小了各层之间的阶梯高度。例如，600gsm单轴纤维增强可由300gsm单轴纤维增强替换。在阶梯高度减小时，嵌接接头的强度改进，因为板层逐渐减小(drop-off)处的应力集中减小。在阶梯高度减小时，嵌接接头表面变得较光滑，并且接近"理想"的嵌接接头表面(即，没有任何阶梯的一个)。板层逐渐减小处的应力集中的减小在楔的薄端处特别重要，在该处应力集中关于纤维层的厚度的大小为较大的。如果在纤维层的一端处存在缺陷，则其具有对较薄板层的较小影响。嵌接角可通过增加阶梯的数量和减小阶梯的厚度来保持。
还有可能通过增大阶梯长度(即，阶梯之间的纵向距离)来改变薄端中的嵌接角。改变薄端中的嵌接角可受保护而免于楔的薄端中的失效，特别是在连结具有不同刚度的材料时。
纤维/树脂体积比可调整，以便解决树脂缺少的问题。楔的薄端中的板层的树脂含量可局部地增加。这通过减少缺陷来减小干纤维的可能性和相关联的减少的机械性质改进质量。
薄端中的不同材料可定制成减小应力集中。例如，纤维或树脂的刚度、强度和韧性可朝薄端增大。薄端中的不同材料的使用可设计成改进粘合表面的失效，其可变为主要失效模式。作为备选，其可简单地为较高质量、较高成本材料的使用，以便改进性能。例如，复合物的纵向模量可通过以中等模量碳纤维替换标准模量碳纤维来改变。这可将复合物的纵向模量从140Gpa改变为160Gpa(典型值)。对碳纤维的其它改变可使用不同模量的纤维(低、标准、高、超高)、强度、前体(PAN、沥青、人造丝)或热处理方法。纤维材料类型还可利用用于薄端的潜在纤维改变，包括碳、玻璃(E玻璃、S玻璃、R玻璃)、芳纶(凯夫拉)或玄武岩。增韧机构可通过修改界面联结或改变基质和/或增强物的性质来改进。韧性可经由添加弹性体或热塑性复合物(如，橡胶颗粒)或板层之间的夹层材料(如，轻质非织造遮盖物)来改进。
例如，粘合剂性质可改变，以使用更大延性的粘合剂来限制裂纹增长。
附加组分可包括在复合材料中，其包括颗粒、纳米材料和夹层。一个可能性在于使树脂唯一层与复合层交织，这有助于解决上述树脂缺少问题。可包括附加组分，以改进复合物的韧性，或向其提供自愈能力。
关键要求在于，这些附加材料可用于楔的薄端中，因为该薄端为用于接头完整性的关键区域，并且与任何此类措施相关联的附加费用可由改进的性能验证。
楔的薄端附近的复合物的不同性质可遍及复合元件的完整纵向长度延伸。例如，在"双嵌接"接头的情况中，存在联结于翼梁缘条的相对短的连接件(其代表上文提到的长形构件中的一个)。由于连接件具有相对短的纵向范围，并且具有两个薄端，故可最简单的是使不同材料横跨连接件的完整长度延伸。作为备选，不同性质可仅远离薄端沿纵向延伸相对短的距离，使得它们不横跨复合构件的完整长度延伸。最后，通过增大横跨复合元件的完整长度的不同材料的纵向范围的附加成本是否被验证，或者在远离薄端的短距离处使其终止是否更有效的成本/益处分析来驱使决定。
在最宽意义下，本发明要求长形构件中的仅一个设有如上文限定的不同性质。如果接头的仅一端在薄端处特别易于失效，则此类布置可为有用的。然而，更具体而言，第一长形复合构件和第二长形复合构件两者设有不同性质，以使接头可在两个薄端处增强。
本发明具有对连结任何两个长形复合构件的宽应用。然而，更具体而言，长形复合构件为用于在风轮机叶片中使用的翼梁缘条的一部分。
长形构件可为两个翼梁缘条元件。作为备选，第一长形构件可为翼梁缘条元件，并且第二长形构件可为连接件，其在一端处连结于第一构件，并且在相对端处连结于第三构件，该第三构件为第二翼梁缘条元件。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种形成根据本发明的第一方面的复合部件的方法，该方法包括将粘合剂施加于锥形端表面中的至少一个，将锥形端表面带到一起，以及使复合物材料和粘合剂固化。
附图说明
现在将参照附图来描述根据本发明的部件和方法的实例，在该附图中：
图1为复合部件的截面；
图2为复合部件的一部分的示意性截面；
图3示出了本发明的一个实施；
图4示出了图3的实施的细节；
图5类似于图4，示出了第二实施的细节；以及
图6A,6B和6C示出了关于图4的实施的变型。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的复合部件如WO 2012/004571中宽泛所示。以下描述将把其描述为用于风轮机叶片的翼梁缘条部件。然而，其代表长形复合部件之间的接头，并且就此而言，可以以相同方式施加于任何此类接头。
如图1中所示，存在由连接件3连结的第一翼梁缘条部件1和第二翼梁缘条部件2，连接件3具有关于第一翼梁缘条部件1的第一接头界面4，以及关于第二翼梁缘条部件2的第二接头界面5。
本发明还可应用于直接在第一翼梁缘条部件与第二翼梁缘条部件之间的接头，而不必要求连接件3。在该情况中，参照图1，由连接件3占据的区域将有效地为第一翼梁缘条部件1的集成部分，并且将存在等同于第一接头界面5的仅单个接头界面，其中两个构件将使用下文所述的技术联结。
第一翼梁缘条部件1和第二翼梁缘条部件2和连接件3中的各个由纤维层的叠堆或浸渍有树脂的板层形成。作为备选，其可由一个或更多个拉挤(pultruded)复合构件形成。端面可具有阶梯构造，或者端部可机加工。连接件3可形成为单独的构件，其接着完全放置到图1中所示的位置中。作为备选，连接件3可在原地建造。这些备选方案两者在WO 2012/004571中描述。
由于第一翼梁缘条部件1和第二翼梁缘条部件2的锥形性质，故各个具有带薄端6的楔形结构。类似地，连接件3具有双锥形构造，使得其具有两个薄端6。
图2中更详细示出了薄端的性质。这里，如果复合部件的总厚度为tMAX，则薄端的厚度为tCRITICAL，其中tCRITICAL为tMAX的最多20%。该薄端是该类型的接头中发生最多问题的区域。应当注意的是，由本发明提出的改进中的任一个不需要延伸厚度的整个20%。取决于改进的性质，可有可能使改进延伸较大或较小的程度。然而，本发明的重要方面在于改进集中于该薄端区域中，并且不在构件的较厚部分。
锥形构件可以以两种方式中的一种制成。倾斜端表面可通过机加工复合构件来产生。然而，当机加工表面可难以对准并且具有差的粘合厚度公差时，这产生实际的挑战。因此，在实施例中，倾斜表面通过使板层逐渐减小来产生，以使各个比相邻层更远地逐渐延伸到薄端中。
关于以该方式产生板层逐渐减小的困难在于各层的纤维的终止为应力集中的潜在源。
图3示出了提供该效果的纤维层的布置。纤维层在连接件3中示出，但将认识到的是，相似但倒置的构造也可应用于第一翼梁缘条部件1和第二翼梁缘条部件2。在该情况下，用于连接件3的厚度的大部分的纤维板层7具有第一厚度，并且在薄端6附近的第二板层8具有小于第一厚度的第二厚度。较薄板层8横跨连接件的完整宽度延伸。不一定需要是此情况，因为远离薄端6，最接近间距为不必要的。然而，假定连接件3的短性质，则不值得以较宽的板层替换这些较薄板层。这些考虑很可能对于更长的第一翼梁缘条部件和第二翼梁缘条部件而言为不同的。
图4更详细示出了板层层的变化。图4中呈现的各个层示出了预浸料坯层，其包括部分固化的树脂和单层纤维，该单层纤维为沿纵向方向延伸的单轴纤维。相邻构件将设有倒置的互补表面。粘合层将施加于表面中的一个，并且两个构件将被带到一起并且固化。
图5示出了图4的备选方案。在该情况下，这次材料不同，而非减小薄边缘附近的板层的厚度。因此，用于构件的厚度的大部分的板层7保持相同。然而，薄端附近的第二板层9由不同材料形成。一个可能性在于形成预浸料坯的那些第二板层9，其具有树脂体积分数，其比第一板层7的树脂体积分数高3%到8%之间。典型树脂体积分数(即，树脂体积与复合物总体积之比)为30%到34%，并且这将用于第一板层。第二板层将具有增大的树脂体积分数，典型地在33%到42%之间。这减小了薄端附近的树脂缺少的可能性，由此改进接头质量。
作为备选或除增大的树脂体积分数之外，第一板层层7与第二板层层8之间的材料性质可如上文所述提高。
图6A至6C示出了图4中的布置的变化，其中在图6A中，第二板层8具有保持相同嵌接角的纵向间距。在图6B中，第二板层8'具有增大的纵向间距，以便产生薄端附近的较浅嵌接角，而在图6C中，第二板层8''具有较短的轴向纵向间距，以便具有局部增大的嵌接角。尽管这些附图示出了关于较薄板层的纵向间距的变化，但间距的变化还可关于与构件的其余部分相同厚度的板层实施。
该书面的描述使用实例以公开本发明(包括优选实施例)，并且还使本领域技术人员能够实践本发明(包括制造和使用任何装置或系统并且执行任何并入的方法)。本发明的可专利范围由权利要求限定，并且可包括本领域技术人员想到的其它实例。如果这些其它实例具有不与权利要求的字面语言不同的结构元件，或者如果这些其它实例包括与权利要求的字面语言无显著差别的等同结构元件，则这些其它实例意图在权利要求的范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种复合部件，包括：
第一长形复合元件；以及
第二长形复合元件，
其中各个长形复合元件包括楔形端，其具有互补锥形端表面；所述第一长形复合元件和所述第二长形复合元件中的至少一个由浸渍在树脂中的纤维层的叠堆形成，单独的所述锥形端表面由各个纤维层形成，所述各个纤维层朝楔形端的薄端比之前的相邻纤维层更远地逐渐沿纵向延伸，在所述薄端处，所述纤维层具有最大纵向范围；所述第一长形复合元件和所述第二长形复合元件在它们的锥形端表面处由粘合剂连结；
其中所述第一长形复合元件和所述第二长形复合元件中的至少一个构件的固化复合材料的性质或所述粘合剂的性质相比于所述锥形端表面的其余部分在所述楔形端的薄端附近不同，以便减小所述薄端中的应力集中；
其中用于所述第一长形复合元件或所述第二长形复合元件的厚度的大部分的第一板层具有第一厚度，并且在所述薄端附近的第二板层具有小于所述第一厚度的第二厚度；或者
其中用于所述第一长形复合元件或所述第二长形复合元件的厚度的大部分的第一板层保持相同，并且在所述薄端附近的第二板层由不同材料形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合部件，其特征在于，所述固化复合材料的所述性质可为选自以下组的一种或更多种：纤维层厚度、纤维体积、树脂体积、纤维材料、树脂材料、以及纤维层之间的纵向间距。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合部件，其特征在于，所述楔形端的薄端附近的不同性质横跨所述第一长形复合元件和所述第二长形复合元件中的至少一个构件的完整纵向长度延伸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合部件，其特征在于，所述楔形端的薄端附近的不同性质不横跨所述第一长形复合元件和所述第二长形复合元件中的至少一个构件的完整纵向长度延伸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合部件，其特征在于，所述复合部件为用于在风轮机叶片中使用的翼梁缘条。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合部件，其特征在于，所述第一长形复合元件为翼梁缘条元件，而所述第二长形复合元件为在一端处连结于所述第一长形复合元件并且在相对端处连结于第三元件的连接件，所述第三元件为第二翼梁缘条元件。
7.一种形成根据权利要求1所述的复合部件的方法，所述方法包括用第一板层和第二板层形成所述第一长形复合元件或所述第二长形复合元件，将所述粘合剂施加于所述锥形端表面中的至少一个、将所述锥形端表面带到一起，以及使所述复合材料和所述粘合剂固化。
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