CN106194441A - 使用主动排气阀和废气再循环回路减少冷启动排放物的系统和方法 - Google Patents

使用主动排气阀和废气再循环回路减少冷启动排放物的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN106194441A
CN106194441A CN201610335039.8A CN201610335039A CN106194441A CN 106194441 A CN106194441 A CN 106194441A CN 201610335039 A CN201610335039 A CN 201610335039A CN 106194441 A CN106194441 A CN 106194441A
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electromotor
egr
valve
engine
temperature
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CN106194441B (zh
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A·S·格雷瓦尔
S·克利哈斯
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D21/06Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F02D41/0055Special engine operating conditions, e.g. for regeneration of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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    • F02D41/0047Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/0077Control of the EGR valve or actuator, e.g. duty cycle, closed loop control of position
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    • F02D41/024Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0255Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
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    • F02D41/062Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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    • F02M26/22Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F02M26/32Liquid-cooled heat exchangers
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    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/16Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
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    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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    • F01N2240/02Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
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    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
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    • F01N2240/36Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0245Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by increasing temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/09Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine
    • F02M26/10Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine having means to increase the pressure difference between the exhaust and intake system, e.g. venturis, variable geometry turbines, check valves using pressure pulsations or throttles in the air intake or exhaust system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/28Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种使用主动排气阀和废气再循环回路减少冷启动排放物的系统和方法。根据本公发明的原理的系统包括发动机启动模块和排气阀控制模块。发动机启动模块基于来自点火系统的输入和发动机转速中的至少一者来确定发动机何时启动。当发动机启动时,排气阀控制模块选择性地完全关闭发动机的排气系统中的排气阀以将排气捕获在排气系统中。

Description

使用主动排气阀和废气再循环回路减少冷启动排放物的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机,并且更具体地涉及使用主动排气阀和废气再循环回路减少冷启动排放物的系统和方法。
背景技术
本文提供的背景描述的目的在于总体地呈现本发明的背景。当前署名的发明人的工作,就其在该背景部分所描述的程度以及在提交时可以不另外被作为是现有技术的多个方面的描述而言,既不明确也不隐含地被认可为是本发明的现有技术。
发动机汽缸内的空气/燃料混合物的燃烧会产生废气,该废气在释放到大气中之前从汽缸排出到排气系统中。排气系统包括催化转换器,该催化转换器减少了存在于废气中的排放物。当催化剂在催化转换器内的温度高于或等于激活温度时,催化转换器更有效地减少排放物。
当发动机在该发动机停止较长的时间段之后启动、称为冷启动时,该催化剂温度可低于激活温度。因此,会减弱催化转换器减少排放物的能力。此外,当发动机启动时,可将发动机的空气/燃料比调节至富值以确保发动机启动。因此,与正常运行相比,所述废气排气会包含含量超标的排放物、例如碳氢化合物。与正常运行相比,在冷启动期间,催化转换器减少排放物的减弱能力以及由于富值运行产生的超标的排放物会导致更大量的排放物释放到大气中。
发明内容
根据本发明原理的系统包括发动机启动模块和排气阀控制模块。发动机启动模块基于来自点火系统的输入和发动机转速的至少一者来确定何时启动发动机。当发动机启动时,排气阀控制模块选择性地完全关闭发动机的排气系统中的排气阀以将废气捕获在排气系统中。
根据详细说明书、权利要求以及附图,本发明的其他应用领域将变得显而易见。详细说明书和特定示例仅仅是用于示例目的,而不是为了限定本发明的范围。
附图说明
结合详细说明书和附图,本发明将变得更易理解,其中:
图1是根据本发明的原理的示例性发动机系统的功能框图;
图2是根据本发明的原理的示例性控制系统的功能框图;以及
图3是示出了根据本发明的原理的示例性控制方法的流程图。
在附图中,附图标记可用于识别类似的和/或相同的元件。
具体实施方式
在一些发动机系统中,催化转换器位于发动机附近,以使得当发动机启动时,催化转换器由于其接近发动机而得以快速地升温。这样定位的催化转换器可以称作为近联式催化转换器。由于近联式催化转换器位于发动机附近,因而与距离发动机较远定位的催化转换器相比,近联式催化转换器在冷启动期间会较快地达到其激活温度。因此,近联式催化转换器可比其他催化转换器更有效地减少冷启动排放物。然而,近联式催化转换器无法根据需要来有效地减少排放物。
根据本发明的系统和方法使用主动排气阀,该主动排气阀设置在催化转换器的下游,以在冷启动期间将废气捕获在排气系统中。进而,与其他排气系统中的催化转换器相比,该催化转换器在冷启动期间更快地达到其激活温度。此外,该系统和方法使用废气再循环(EGR)回路以将所捕获的废气改向至发动机的进气系统。因此,除了将冷启动排放物释放到大气中之外,该系统和方法将冷启动排放物改向至进气系统,以使得冷启动排放物经由发动机汽缸内燃烧而消耗。在各种实施方式中,EGR回路通过热交换器冷却以增大在冷启动期间可能捕获在EGR回路内的废气的容积。
现在参考图1,发动机系统100包括发动机102,发动机燃烧空气/燃料混合物以产生用于车辆的驱动转矩。由发动机102产生的驱动转矩量基于来自驾驶员输入模块103的驾驶员输入。驾驶员输入可基于加速器踏板的位置。驾驶员输入也可基于巡航控制系统,巡航控制系统可以是自适应巡航控制系统,其改变车辆速度以维持预定的行车间距。
空气通过进气系统108抽吸到发动机102中。进气系统108包括进气歧管110和节流阀112。节流阀112可包括具有可转动叶片的蝶形阀。发动机控制模块(ECM)114控制节流阀致动器模块116,该节流阀致动器模块调节节流阀112的开口以控制抽吸到进气歧管110中的空气量。
来自进气歧管110的空气被吸入到发动机102的汽缸中。虽然发动机102可包括多个汽缸,但为了进行示意性说明的目的,只示出了单个代表性汽缸118。仅作为示例,发动机102可以包括2、3、4、5、6、8、10和/或12个汽缸。ECM 114可停用一些汽缸,这样做可在特定发动机运行条件下提高燃油经济性。
ECM 114可基于从点火系统119接收的输入来启动和停止发动机102。点火系统119可包括按键或按钮。当驾驶员将按键从关闭位置转到启动(或运行)位置或当驾驶员按下按钮时,ECM 114可以启动发动机102。当驾驶员将按键从启动位置转到关闭位置或当驾驶员在发动机102运行期间按下按钮时,ECM 114可以停止发动机102。
发动机102可以使用四冲程循环实现运行。该四冲程,如下所述,被命名为进气冲程、压缩冲程、燃烧冲程和排气冲程。曲轴(未示出)每转一周,在汽缸118内发生四冲程中的两个。因此,汽缸118经历所有四个冲程需要曲轴转两周。
进气冲程期间,来自进气歧管110的空气通过进气阀122被吸入汽缸118内。ECM 114控制着燃料致动器模块124,所述燃料致动器模块调节由燃料喷射器125执行的燃料喷射以实现期望的空气/燃料比。燃料可以在中心位置或在多个位置,如每个汽缸的进气阀122附近,被喷射到进气歧管110中。在各种实施方式中,燃料可直接喷射到汽缸或喷射进入与汽缸相关联的混合室内。燃料致动器模块124可以停止燃料喷射到被停用的汽缸。
喷射的燃料与空气混合,并在汽缸118中产生空气/燃料混合物。在压缩冲程期间,汽缸118内的活塞(未示出)压缩空气/燃料混合物。发动机102可以是压缩点火发动机,在此情况下,汽缸118中的压缩动作会点燃空气/燃料混合物。可替代地,发动机102可以是火花点火发动机,在此情况下,火花致动器模块126今火花塞128通电,以基于来自ECM 114的信号在汽缸118中产生火花,点燃空气/燃料混合物。可以相对于活塞处于其最高位置(被称为上止点(TDC))的时间来指定火花的正时。
可通过指定TDC之前或之后多久产生火花的火花正时信号来控制火花致动器模块126。由于活塞位置与曲轴旋转直接相关,因此火花致动器模块126的运行可与曲轴角同步。在各种实施方式中,火花致动器模块126可以停止提供火花给停用的汽缸。
生成火花可以被称为点火事件。火花致动器模块126可以具有改变每个点火事件的火花正时的能力。火花致动器模块126甚至可以能够在上一点火事件与下一点火事件之间火花正时信号被改变时,改变下一点火事件的火花正时。在各种实施方式中,发动机102可包括多个汽缸,而火花致动器模块126可以为发动机102中的所有汽缸相对于TDC以相同的量改变火花正时。
在燃烧冲程期间,空气/燃料混合物的燃烧向下驱动活塞,从而驱动曲轴。燃烧冲程可以被定义为活塞到达TDC与活塞返回到下止点(BDC)之间的时间。在排气冲程期间,活塞开始从BDC向上移动,并通过排气阀130排出燃烧的副产物。燃烧的副产物经由排气系统134从车辆排出。
进气阀122可以由进气凸轮轴140控制,而排气阀130可以由排气凸轮轴142控制。在各种实施方式中,多个进气凸轮轴(包括进气凸轮轴140)可以控制汽缸118的多个进气阀(包括进气阀122),和/或可以控制多排汽缸(包括汽缸118)的进气阀(包括进气阀122)。同样地,多个排气凸轮轴(包括排气凸轮轴142)可以控制汽缸118的多个排气阀,和/或可以控制多排汽缸(包括汽缸118)的排气阀(包括排气阀130)。
进气阀122打开的时间可以相对于活塞TDC由进气凸轮相位器144进行改变。排气阀130打开的时间可以相对于活塞TDC由排气凸轮相位器146进行改变。相位器致动器模块148可以根据来自ECM 114的信号控制进气和排气凸轮相位器144和146。在实施时,可变气门升程也可以通过相位器致动器模块148来控制。
ECM 114可通过指示相位器致动器模块148使进气阀122和/或排气阀130无法打开来停用汽缸118。相位器致动器模块148可以通过使进气阀122脱离进气凸轮轴140来使进气阀122无法打开。类似地,相位器致动器模块148可以通过使排气阀130脱离排气凸轮轴142来使排气阀130无法打开。在各种实施方式中,相位器致动器模块148可以使用凸轮轴以外的设备,如电磁或电动液压致动器,来控制进气阀122和/或排气阀130。
排气系统134包括排气歧管150、催化转换器152、排气管线154、主动排气阀156、废气再循环(EGR)回路158和EGR阀160。排气歧管150接收从发动机102的汽缸排出的废气。催化转换器152位于排气歧管150的下游且邻近于排气歧管150。当发动机102启动时,催化转换器152由于其接近发动机102而快速地升温,且催化转换器152内的催化剂减少了冷启动排放物,例如碳氢化合物。在这点上,催化转换器152可以被称作为近联式催化转换器。
排气管线154位于催化转换器152的下游,且主动排气阀156设置在排气管线154中。离开排气管线154的废气被释放到大气中。在各种实施方式中,第二催化转换器(未示出)可被联接至排气管线154,且废气在被释放至大气中之前会穿过第二催化转换器。
主动排气阀156在完全打开位置与完全闭合位置之间是可调节的,且在各种实施方式中,被调节至位于完全打开位置与完全闭合位置之间的位置。当主动排气阀156打开时,主动排气阀156允许废气从排气系统134流至大气。当主动排气阀156处于完全闭合时,主动排气阀156防止废气从排气系统134流至大气。基于来自ECM 114的信号,阀致动器模块162控制着主动排气阀156。
EGR回路158从排气管线154在主动排气阀156的上游的一位置处延伸至EGR阀160。EGR阀160在完全打开位置与完全闭合位置之间是可调节的,且被调节至位于完全打开位置与完全闭合位置之间的位置。当EFR阀160至少部分地打开时,流过排气管线154的废气的一部分被重新导向通过EGR回路158至进气系统108。基于来自ECM 114的信号,EGR致动器模块164控制着EGR阀160。
在示出的示例中,排气系统134还包括热交换器166,EGR回路158延伸通过该热交换器。循环通过热交换器166的冷却液吸收来自废气的热量,该废气穿过EGR回路158的延伸通过热交换器166的一部分。相对于未冷却的EGR回路,这样使得EGR回路158在主动排气阀156被关闭时捕获更大量的废气。然而,在各种实施方式中,热交换器166可被省略,例如,通过增加EGR回路158的直径和/或以蛇形样式来布置EGR回路158可以增加EGR回路158的容积。
热交换器166包括EGR入口168、EGR出口170、冷却液通道172、冷却液入口174、和冷却液出口176。流过EGR回路158的废气通过EGR入口168进入热交换器166且通过EGR出口170离开热交换器166。冷却液流过冷却液通道172且吸收来自废气的热量,该废气流过EGR回路158的延伸通过热交换器166的一部分。冷却液通过冷却液入口174进入热交换器166的冷却液通道172,且通过冷却液出口176离开热交换器166的冷却液通道172。循环通过发动机102的冷却液还可循环通过热交换器166,或者冷却液通道172可以与位于发动机102内的冷却液通道(未示出)相隔离。
在示出的示例中,延伸通过热交换器166的EGR回路158的一部分以蛇形样式被布置,且冷却液通道172邻近于EGR回路158沿直线延伸。然而,EGR回路158可以其他样式延伸通过热交换器166,例如以直线样式,且冷却液通道172可以其他样式延伸,例如以缠绕EGR回路158的螺旋样式。此外,冷却液通道172可包括多个通道和/或热交换器166的整个内部可填充有冷却液,其包围延伸通过热交换器166的EGR回路158的一部分。
发动机系统100通过使用曲轴位置(CKP)传感器180可以测量曲轴的位置。发动机冷却液的温度通过使用发动机冷却液温度(ECT)传感器182进行测量。ECT传感器182可以位于发动机102内或其他冷却液循环的位置,例如散热器处(未示出)。进气歧管110内的压力可通过使用歧管绝对压力(MAP)传感器184进行测量。在各种实施方式中,可测量发动机真空,发动机真空为环境空气压力与进气歧管110内的压力之间的差。
流进至进气歧管110的空气的质量流率可通过使用质量空气流率(MAF)传感器186进行测量。在各种实施方式中,MAF传感器186可位于壳体中,壳体还可包括节流阀112。节流致动器模块116可通过使用一个或多个节流位置传感器(TPS)190监测节流阀112的位置。被吸入到发动机102中的空气的环境温度可通过使用进气温度(IAT)传感器192进行测量。
通过排气系统134的废气的温度可通过使用废气温度(EGT)传感器194进行测量。通过排气系统134的废气的压力可通过使用废气压力(EGP)传感器196进行测量。如所示出,EGT传感器194和EGP传感器196可位于催化转换器152的上游,催化转换器152中,或在催化转换器152与主动排气阀156之间。流过排气系统134的废气的氧气水平可通过使用氧气(O2)传感器198进行测量。如所示,O2传感器198可位于催化转换器152与主动排气阀156之间,在各种实施方式中,第二O2传感器可位于催化转换器152的上游。
ECM 114使用来自传感器和其他输入的信号做出用于发动机系统100的控制决定。例如,当发动机102启动且位于催化转换器内的催化剂的温度低于预定温度时,ECM 114完全地关闭主动排气阀156。这样会捕获排气系统134中的冷启动排放物。ECM 114还可调节相位器144、146至零阀重叠位置处以使在排气系统134中积聚的压力和温度最大化。此外,在冷启动过程中,ECM 114完全地打开EGR阀160以将环境空气从EGR回路158中清除出去为废气制造空间,且然后超过一定的时间后关闭EGR阀160以逐渐地消耗捕获到的冷启动排放物。在各种实施方式中,止回阀可定位在排气管线154与EGR回路158之间的联接处,以防止排气流从EGR回路158流至排气管线154。
现参考图2,ECM 114的示例性实施方式包括发动机转速模块202、转矩请求模块204、节流控制模块206、燃料控制模块208和火花控制模块210。发动机转速模块202基于来自CKP传感器180的曲轴位置来确定发动机102的转速。例如,发动机转速模块202可基于一周期来计算发动机转速,该周期为曲轴完成一个或多个旋转的周期。发动机转速模块202输出发动机转速。
转矩请求模块204基于来自驾驶员输入模块104的驾驶员输入来确定转矩请求。例如,转矩请求模块204可存储一个或多个关于期望转矩的加速器踏板位置的映射,且可基于所选择的映射中的一个映射来确定转矩请求。转矩请求模块204可基于发动机转速和/或车辆速度来选择所述映射中的一个映射。转矩请求模块204输出转矩请求。
节流控制模块206通过指示节流致动器模块116来控制节流阀112以获得期望的节流区域。燃料控制模块208通过指示燃料致动器模块124来控制燃料喷射器125以获得期望的喷射量和/或期望的喷射正时。火花控制模块210通过指示火花致动器模块126来控制火花塞128以获得期望的火花正时。
节流控制模块206和火花控制模块210可基于转矩请求来分别地调节期望的节流区域和期望的火花正时。当转矩请求增加或减少时,节流控制模块206可分别地增加或减少期望的节流区域。当转矩请求增加或减少时,火花控制模块210可分别地提前或延迟火花正时。
燃料控制模块208可调节期望的喷射量和/或期望的喷射正时以获得期望的空气/燃料比,例如化学计量空气/燃料比。例如,燃料控制模块208可调节期望的喷射量和/或期望的喷射正时以使得实际空气/燃料比与期望的空气/燃料比之间的差值最小化。以这样一种方式来控制空气/燃料比可被称作为空气/燃料比的闭环控制。当催化转换器152内的催化剂的温度达到其激活温度时,燃料控制模块208可启动执行空气/燃料比的闭环控制。
图3中所示的ECM 114的示例性实施方式还包括发动机负载模块212、发动机启动模块214、催化剂温度模块216、排气阀控制模块218、和EGR阀控制模块220。发动机负载模块212确定作用在发动机102上的负载量。发动机负载模块212可使用来自MAF传感器186的进气质量流率和/或来自燃料控制模块208的期望的喷射量作为发动机负载的近似值。可选地,发动机负载模块212可通过使用进气气流和/或关于发动机负载的燃料输送量的预定映射来确定发动机负载。发动机负载模块212输出发动机负载。
发动机启动模块214基于发动机转速和/或来自点火系统119的输入来确定何时启动该发动机102。例如,点火系统119可包括按键或按钮,且发动机启动模块214可确定,当来自点火系统119的信号表明按键位于开启(或运行)位置或按钮被按压时,发动机102被启动。在另一示例中,发动机启动模块214可确定,当发动机转速大于或等于预定(例如,空转)转速时,发动机被启动。发动机启动模块214输出了指出发动机102是否被启动的信号。
催化剂温度模块216确定了催化转换器152内的催化剂的温度。催化剂温度模块216可基于来自EGT传感器194的废气温度、在发动机102的汽缸内发生的火花正时和/或输送至汽缸的燃料的量来估算催化剂温度。例如,催化剂温度模块216可基于火花正时、燃料输送量与催化剂温度之间的预定关系来估算催化剂温度。该预定关系可收录在查找表和/或方程式中。催化剂温度模块216可接收分别来自燃料控制模块208和火花控制模块210的期望的喷射量和期望的火花正时。催化剂温度模块216可使用期望的喷射量和期望的火花正时来分别地作为实际喷射量和实际火花正时的近似值。
该排气阀控制模块218通过指示阀致动器模块162控制主动排气阀156以实现期望的排气阀位置。当发动机102启动时,排气阀控制模块218将主动排气阀156调节至完全关闭位置,以将废气捕获在排气系统134中。排气阀控制模块218基于来自发动机启动模块214的信号确定发动机102何时启动。
当催化剂温度高于或等于预定温度时,排气阀控制模块218可将主动排气阀156从完全关闭位置调节至完全打开位置。该预定温度可等于催化剂在催化转换器152内的激活温度,该激活温度可在300摄氏度(℃)和400℃之间。在各种实施方式中,当催化剂温度高于或等于预定温度时,排气阀控制模块218可将主动排气阀156从完全关闭位置调节至部分打开位置。
如果其他条件满足预定标准,当催化剂温度低于预定温度时,排气阀控制模块218可将主动排气阀156从完全关闭位置调节至完全打开位置。例如,当扭矩请求高于预定数值时,排气阀控制模块218可独立于催化剂温度将主动排气阀156从完全关闭位置调节至完全打开位置。当驾驶员将加速器踏板调节至对应于节气门全开的位置时,该扭矩请求可以大于预定数值。
在另一示例中,当达到EGR回路158用于存储废气的容量时,排气阀控制模块218可独立于催化剂温度将主动排气阀156从完全关闭位置调节至完全打开位置。排气阀控制模块218可基于EGR回路158的容积、发动机速度以及发动机负荷来确定是否达到EGR回路158用于存储废气的容量。
该EGR阀控制模块220通过指示EGR致动器模块164来控制EGR阀160以实现期望的EGR阀位置。当发动机102启动时,EGR阀控制模块220可将EGR阀160调节至完全打开位置,以将环境空气从EGR回路158吹除。然后,EGR阀控制模块220可将EGR阀160维持在完全打开位置第一时间段(例如,5至7秒)。
当第一时间段结束时,EGR阀控制模块220可将EGR阀160从完全打开位置调节至完全关闭位置,以将冷启动排放物捕获在排气系统134中,这会致使排气系统压力升高。EGR阀控制模块220可将EGR阀160维持在完全关闭位置中,直到来自EGP传感器196的废气压力等于最大压力。附加地或替代地,EGR阀控制模块220可将EGR阀160维持在完全关闭位置中,直到来自EGT传感器194的废气温度等于最高温度。该最大压力和最高温度可以是预定的。
当废气压力等于最大压力和/或废气温度等于最高温度时,EGR阀控制模块220可在部分打开位置之间调制EGR阀160。例如,EGR阀控制模块220可在第一部分打开位置(例如,百分之三打开)和第二部分打开位置(例如,百分之十打开)之间调制EGR阀160。EGR阀控制模块220可将EGR阀160在部分打开位置之间调制第二时间段(例如,60秒)。如上所述将EGR阀160在部分打开位置之间调制为将所捕获的废气从排气系统134吹送至进气系统108。进而,废气中的冷启动排放物经由发动机102的汽缸中的燃烧来消耗。
EGR阀控制模块220可基于发动机速度、发动机负载、来自EGT传感器194的废气温度、来自EGP传感器196的废气压力和/或EGR回路158的容积来确定第一时间段。例如,EGR阀控制模块220可基于发动机速度、发动机负载、废气温度、废气压力以及第一时间段之间的预定关系来确定第一时间段。该预定关系可收录在查找表和/或方程式中。
EGR阀控制模块220可基于EGR回路158的容积、发动机102的燃烧公差、环境空气温度、来自ECT传感器182的发动机冷却液温度和/或发动机102的保压时间来确定第二时间段。例如,EGR阀控制模块220可基于燃烧公差、环境空气温度、发动机冷却液温度、发动机保压时间以及第一时间段之间的预定关系来确定第二时间段。该预定关系可收录在查找表和/或方程式中。
来自IAT传感器192的进气温度可用作环境空气温度的近似值。发动机102的保压时间是发动机102在发动机102重新启动之前关闭的时间量。排气阀控制模块220可基于来自发动机启动模块214的信号确定发动机保压时间。
发动机102的燃烧公差是发动机102消耗废气的能力的衡量标准,同时将汽缸与汽缸之间的燃烧变化性维持在低于预定水平的数值处。指示平均有效压力(IMEP)中的变化系数可用作发动机102的燃烧公差的近似值。IMEP中的变化系数等于IMEP高于IMEP的标准偏差并且可表述为百分比。
EGR阀控制模块220可基于发动机转速、发动机负载、ECT传感器182的发动机冷却液温度以及/或者来自IAT传感器192的进气温度确定发动机102的燃烧公差。例如,EGR阀控制模块220可基于发动机转速、发动机负载、发动机冷却液温度、进气温度和燃烧公差之间的预定关系确定燃烧公差。预定关系可收录在查找表和/或方程式中,并且可通过缸内压力传感器进行开发。
现参照图3,一种通过使用主动排气阀156和EGR环路158减少冷起动排放物的方法从302处开始。在图2的模块的背景中对该方法进行描述。然而,执行该方法的步骤的特定模块可能不同于下面提到的模块,并且/或者,该方法可撇开图2的模块进行实施。
在304处,发动机启动模块214确定发动机102是否启动。若发动机102已启动,则该方法在306处继续。否则,发动机启动模块214将继续确定发动机102是否已在304处启动。在306处,催化剂温度模块216确定催化剂温度。
在308处,排气阀控制模块218和/或EGR阀控制模块220确定催化剂温度是否低于预定温度。若催化剂温度低于预定温度,则该方法在310处继续。否则,该方法在312处继续。在312处,排气阀控制模块218完全打开主动排气阀156。
在310处,排气阀控制模块218完全关闭主动排气阀156,以将废气捕获在排气系统134中。在314处,EGR阀控制模块220在第一时间段完全打开EGR阀160。在316处,EGR阀控制模块220完全关闭EGR阀160。在318处,EGR阀控制模块220确定来自EGP传感器196的废气压力是否大于或等于最大压力。此外,或者可选地,EGR阀控制模块220可确定EGT传感器194的废气温度是否大于或等于最高温度。若废气压力大于或等于最大压力,并且/或者废气温度大于或等于最高温度,则该方法在320处继续。否则,该方法在316处继续。在320处,该方法将EGR阀160在部分打开位置之间调制第二时间段。该方法在320处结束。
上述描述本质上仅仅是说明性的,其决不意图限制本发明及其应用或使用。本发明的广泛教导可通过各种形式来实现。因此,虽然本发明包括了特定示例,但是本发明的真实范围不应该局限于此,因为在研读了附图、说明书和所附权利要求书之后,将会发现其他修改。通过使用非排他性的逻辑或,本文所使用的短语“A、B和C中的至少一者”应该被理解为表示逻辑(A或B或C),并且不应该被理解为表示“A中的至少一个、B中的至少一个和C中的至少一个”。应当理解,方法中的一步或多步步骤可在不改变本发明的原理的情况下以不同的顺序(或同时)执行。
在本申请中,包括下述的定义在内,术语“模块”或术语“控制器”可用术语“电路”进行替换。术语“模块”可指代下述组件、下述组件的部分或包括下述组件:特定用途集成电路(ASIC);数字、模拟或混合模拟/数字分立电路;数字、模拟或混合模拟/数字集成电路;组合逻辑电路;现场可编程门阵列(FPGA);执行代码的处理器电路(共用、专用或集群);存储处理器电路执行的代码的存储器电路(共用、专用或集群);其他合适的提供所述功能的硬件组件;或上述组件的部分或全部的组合,例如,在片上系统中。
模块可包括一个或多个接口电路。在一些示例中,接口电路可包括连接至局域网(LAN)、因特网、广域网(WAN)或其组合上的有线或无线接口。本发明的任何给定模块的功能可在通过接口电路连接的多个模块中进行分配。例如,多个模块可允许负载平衡。在另一示例中,服务器(又名远端或云)模块可代表客户模块完成一些功能。
上文所用的术语“代码”可包括软件、固件和/或微码,并可指代程序、子程式、功能、类、数据结构和/或对象。术语“共用处理器电路”包含执行多个模块的部分或全部代码的单个处理器电路。术语“集群处理器电路”包含与其他处理器电路联合来执行一个或多个模块的部分或全部代码的处理器电路。多个处理器电路的参考包含分立模上的多个处理器电路、单模上的多个处理器电路、单个处理器电路的多个核心、单个处理器电路的多个线程或上述组件的组合。术语“共用存储器电路”包含存储多个模块的部分或全部代码的单个存储器电路。术语“集群存储器电路”包含与其他存储器联合来存储一个或多个模块的部分或全部代码的存储器电路。
术语存储器电路是术语计算机可读介质的子集。如本文所使用的术语计算机可读介质不包括通过介质(诸如在载波上)传播的瞬时电信号或电磁信号;因此,术语计算机可读介质可被认为是有形的且非瞬时的。非瞬时、有形计算机可读介质的非限制性示例为:非易失性存储器电路(诸如,闪速存储器电路、可擦可编程只读存储器电路,或掩模只读存储器电路)、易失性存储器电路(诸如,静态随机存取存储器电路或动态随机存取存储器电路)、磁存储介质(诸如,模拟或数字磁带或硬盘驱动),以及光储存介质(诸如,CD、DVD或蓝光光盘)。
本申请中所描述的设备和方法可以部分或完全由专用计算机实施,该专用计算机通过将通用计算机配置成执行嵌入计算机程序中的一个或多个特定功能来创建。上述功能块、流程图组件以及其他元件用作软件说明书,其可由技术人员或程序员的常规工作来转换成计算机程序。
计算机程序包括处理器可执行指令,其存储在至少一个非瞬时、有形计算机可读介质上。计算机程序还可包括或依据所存储的数据。计算机程序可包括与专用计算机的硬件交互的基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)、与专用计算机的特定装置交互的装置驱动、一个或多个操作系统、用户应用程序、后台服务、后台应用程序等。
计算机程序可包括:(i)待解析描述性文本,诸如HTML(超文本标记语言)或XML(可扩展标记语言),(ii)汇编代码,(iii)由编译器从源代码生成的目标代码,(iv)由解释器执行的源代码,(v)由即时编译器编译并执行的源代码,等。仅仅作为示例,源代码可使用源自包括C、C++、C#、Objective C、Haskell、Go、SQL、R、Lisp、Fortran、Perl、Pascal、Curl、OCaml、HTML5、Ada、ASP(动态服务器网页)、PHP、Scala、Eiffel、Smalltalk、Erlang、Ruby、VisualLua以及的语言的语法进行编写。
权利要求书中所述的元件均不旨在成为35U.S.C.§112(f)定义内的装置加功能元件,除非某个元件使用短语“装置用于”特别指出,或在使用短语“操作用于”或“步骤用于”的方法权利要求的情况下。

Claims (10)

1.一种方法,其包括:
基于来自点火系统的输入和发动机速度中的至少一者来确定所述发动机何时启动;及
当所述发动机启动时,选择性地完全关闭所述发动机的排气系统中的排气阀以将排气捕获在所述排气系统中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括:
确定所述排气系统中催化剂的温度;及
当所述发动机启动且所述催化剂温度低于预定温度时,完全关闭所述排气阀。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括:基于输送到所述发动机汽缸的燃料量以及所述汽缸中生成火花的正时来估计所述催化剂温度。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括:当所述催化剂温度高于或等于所述预定温度时,完全打开所述排气阀。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其进一步包括:当所述发动机启动时,打开EGR阀,以允许气体通过EGR回路从所述发动机的所述排气系统流至所述发动机的进气系统。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其进一步包括:利用包括冷却液通道的热交换器来冷却所述EGR回路中的废气,其中所述冷却液通道中的冷却液吸收来自所述EGR回路中的废气的热量。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其进一步包括:
当所述发动机启动时,将所述EGR阀调节至完全打开位置;
将所述EGR阀在所述完全打开位置保持第一时间段;及
当所述第一时间段结束时,将所述EGR阀从所述完全打开位置调节至完全关闭位置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其进一步包括:基于发动机速度、发动机负载、废气压力、排气温度以及所述EGR回路的所述容积来确定所述第一时间段。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其进一步包括当出现以下情形项中的至少一种时,将所述EGR阀在部分打开位置之间调制第二时间段,所述情形是:
排气压力大于或等于预定压力;和
排气温度高于或等于预定温度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其进一步包括:基于所述EGR回路的所述容积、所述发动机的燃烧公差、环境空气温度、发动机冷却液温度以及所述发动机的保压时间来确定所述第二时间段。
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