CN106187454B - A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop and its application - Google Patents
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106187454B CN106187454B CN201610524074.4A CN201610524074A CN106187454B CN 106187454 B CN106187454 B CN 106187454B CN 201610524074 A CN201610524074 A CN 201610524074A CN 106187454 B CN106187454 B CN 106187454B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop and its application, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the fruit vegetables crop includes inorganic component and organic component, and the mass fraction of the organic component is 20~35%；Wherein, on the basis of the quality of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, N element content is 8~12% in inorganic component, with P2O5It is 2~6% to count P element content, with K2O meter K element contents are 7~15%；The organic component, by weight, including following components：3~8 parts of lignin, 3~8 parts of biomass carbon, 10~20 parts of pecan shell yeast powder, 3~8 parts of ammonium humate.The present invention is added in fertilizer as organic component using lignin, biomass carbon, ammonium humate and pecan shell yeast powder and obtains the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, and the sustained release performance of the organic slow-release fertilizer is good, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, low energy consumption and environmentally friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer application technical field more particularly to a kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop and answer
With.
Background technology
China is large agricultural country and chemical fertilizer production and consumption big country, and Chinese chemical fertilizer total output and total dosage all occupy
The first in the world.But agricultural production practice shows the combined influence due to fertilizer property and soil environment condition, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low
It is fertilizer application process common problem.
For fruit vegetables crop production mostly using facility cultivation, most producers largely apply chemical fertilizer in order to pursue high yield, add
Few water environment of upper facility cultivation causes soil in protected field secondary salinization serious, and soil cultivation is difficult to continue.
Lignin is the high-molecular compound for having three-dimensional space net structure, in nature next in number only to cellulose
And chitin, be the third-largest amount natural reproducible organic matter.The black liquid discharged after lye boiling delignification is to make
The maximum pollution sources of paper industry, lignin contained therein is that one of main pollutant (make by Zhang Haiyun (2006) alkaline straw-pulps
Lignin biodegradation research [master thesis] in paper black liquor), if do not recycled, it is directly discharged into and receives with black liquor
Sewage body can cause serious environmental pollution damage.
Lignin has higher reactivity after the processing such as ammonification, sulfonation, de-methoxy.Mulder
W.J. show that lignin plays nitrogen apparent slow releasing function (Mulder W.J., et with the research of Ramirez F. et al.
al.(2011)Lignin based controlled release coatings.Industrial Crops and
Products 34:915-920；Ramirez F.,et al.(2001)Slow-release effect of N-
functionalized kraft lignin tested with Sorghum over two growth
periods.Bioresource Technology 76:71-73).Ramirez F. are utilized15N tracers discovery, ammoniated lignin
In nitrogen there is 30.6% to be absorbed by first batch of crop, and 12.9% is absorbed by second crop, is also confirmed in terms of timeliness
The slow-release function of lignin (Ramirez F., et al. (2007) Reactions, characterization and
uptake of ammoxidized kraft lignin labeled with 15N.Bioresource Technology 98:
1494-1500)。
In addition, some researches show that lignin also has potash fertilizer slow releasing function, (Wang Dehan etc. (2003) lignin modifications produce
Object is to the slow releasing function of potash fertilizer and the influence plant nutrients of crop K uptake and fertilizer journal 9 (3):308-311).Lignin into
Entering after soil to have a negative impact to the normal growth of edaphon, (Zhong Zheke etc. (2006) nitrogen modified technical lignins are to soil
The influence ecological environments 15 (4) of earth biochemical characteristic:811-815), while soil can progressively be changed under the action of microorganism
Organic matter (Bahri H., et al. (2006) Lignin turnover kinetics in an agricultural soil
is monomer specific.Soil Biology&Biochemistry 38:1977-1988)。
Pecan shell is the by-product of hickory nut industry, more is discarded or laid idle, through rainwater impregnate and microbial fermentation,
These Pu shell leachates not only polluted source, cause fishes and shrimps dead, and be damaged mountain area vegetation, heavy rain, which washes away, causes water and soil big
Amount is lost in.The leaching liquor of pecan shell is by influencing seed breathing, seedlings root absorption and photosynthesis etc. to various crop
Seed sprout and growth of seedling have an impact (several chemical compositions of Chen Xiangming (2008) hickory nut epicarps and to plant give birth to
The long research [Ph.D. Dissertation] influenced), dosage of the pecan shell powder in fertilizer production is rationally set to can reach field
The effect of weeding.
At present, the research on the slow release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop is much, such as：
Publication No. is that the Chinese invention patent application document of CN104193550A discloses a kind of watermelon special slow release formula
Fertilizer, the fertilizer contain the component of following parts by weight：160-180 parts of urea, 75-90 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate 60-80
Part, 50-70 parts of bentonite, 5-8 parts of long-acting complex fertilizer additive, 5-8 parts of compositions of trace-element fertilizer, wherein the long-acting slow-release
Additive is made of nitrification inhibitor, the phosphorus decomposing factor, quinhydrones, complex rare-earth.Potassium is substantially relatively low in the fertilizer, and the later stage needs to coordinate
Impose other fertilizer；In addition, not explained in patent with regard to the phosphorus decomposing factor, it can not judge whether possess phosphorus slow-release function.
To disclose a kind of capsicum special slow release compound for the Chinese invention patent application document that publication No. is CN103159530A
Fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the composite fertilizer include nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and microelements of calcium, magnesium boron, and the potash fertilizer is sulfuric acid
Potassium；The nitrogenous fertilizer is ureaformaldehyde；The nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and microelements of calcium, magnesium, the ratio of weight and number of boron are N:
P2O5: K2O: Ca: Mg: B=13-15: 8-10: 16-18: 1.5-2: 1.5-2: 0.05-0.1.It the method increase the profit of fertilizer
With rate, but to be related to reactions, the energy consumptions such as urea and formaldehyde, potassium chloride and sulfuric acid too big for production process.
Publication No. is that the Chinese invention patent application document of CN103524221A discloses the special slow control release compound fertilizer of eggplant
And preparation method thereof, which includes N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide 0.05%~0.08%, quinhydrones
0.05%~0.08%, dicyandiamide 0.24%~0.28%, by percentage to the quality.The utilization rate of nitrogen is the method increase,
It is but little to the slow release effect of phosphorus, potassium.
Therefore, it is necessary to be provided for fruit vegetables crop, a kind of sustained release performance is more preferable, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, low energy consumption and ring
The fertilizer of guarantor.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop and its application, fruit vegetables crop is special has for this
The sustained release performance of machine slow release fertilizer is good, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, low energy consumption and environmental protection.
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, including inorganic component and organic component, which is characterized in that described
The mass fraction of organic component is 20~35%；
Wherein, on the basis of the quality of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, N element content is 8 in inorganic component
~12%, with P2O5It is 2~6% to count P element content, with K2O meter K element contents are 7~15%；
The organic component, by weight, including following components：3~8 parts of lignin, 3~8 parts of biomass carbon, mountain core
10~20 parts of peach Pu shell yeast powder, 3~8 parts of ammonium humate.
The fruit vegetables crop is one kind in western muskmelon, strawberry, tomato, eggplant.
The large specific surface area of lignin, sulfonation treated reactivity is high, and the addition of lignin can be inhaled by physics
Chemical bonding two ways is echoed, improves the slow release effect of nutrient, so as to fulfill the promotion of utilization rate of fertilizer.
The content of organic matter of biomass carbon is high, and the addition of biomass carbon can improve the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil, so as to
Promote the nutrient preserving capability of soil.Pecan shell yeast powder contains alkaloid isoreactivity substance, the addition of pecan shell yeast powder
So that fertilizer possesses certain herbicidal effect, so as to reduce Pesticide use.
It is found through experiment, on the basis of lignin addition, then adds biomass carbon and pecan shell yeast powder, Neng Gougeng
The sustained release performance of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop is effectively improved, improves the yield and quality of fruit vegetables crop.
Specifically, by weight, the inorganic component includes：8~15 parts of urea, 5~10 parts of ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate
8~15 parts, 15~25 parts of potassium sulfate, 8~15 parts of bentonite.
The addition of calcium, magnesium can improve the disease-resistant anti-adversity ability of plant, increase dry-matter accumulation；Preferably, by weight
Meter, the inorganic component further include：5~10 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 5~10 parts of magnesium sulfate.
The addition of trace element can preferably coordinate above-mentioned fertilizer formula, improve profit of the fruit vegetables crop to above-mentioned fertilizer
With.Preferably, by weight, the inorganic component further includes 1~2 part of trace element；Wherein, including：Zinc sulfate 0.3
~0.6 part, 0.2~0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1~0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2~0.4 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2~0.4 part of borax.
Further, by weight, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the fruit vegetables crop includes following components：
It is further preferred that by weight, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop includes following components：
Experiment finds that the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop of said components dosage can more effectively improve western muskmelon
Yield and quality.
It is further preferred that by weight, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop includes following components：
Experiment finds that the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop of said components dosage can more effectively improve strawberry
Yield and quality.
It is further preferred that by weight, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop includes following components：
Experiment finds, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop of said components dosage can more effectively improve tomato and
The yield and quality of eggplant.
The lignin is that alkali is isolated from spent pulping liquor, and lignin is enable effectively to obtain recycling profit
With.Preferably, total lignin levels >=90% of the lignin, phenolic hydroxyl group >=2.5%, methylol >=35%, sulfur content
≤ 1.0%, water content≤7%, 80 mesh percent of pass >=95%.The lignin large specific surface area is conducive to adsorb nutrient, active group
Group to be conducive to be chemically bonded with nutrient, so as to fulfill the sustained release of nutrient.
The biomass carbon obtains after biological material carbonizes, which can be stalk, sawdust, husk
Deng.Preferably, the content of organic matter >=80% of the biomass carbon, water content≤10%, 60 mesh percent of pass >=95%.The life
The substance charcoal content of organic matter is high, is conducive to culture fertility.
Preferably, the pecan shell yeast powder successively through aerobic fermentation, crush, sieve, dry after obtain；Its
In, the fermentation temperature is 55~60 DEG C, and the time is 10~15d.
Preferably, the content of organic matter >=60% of the pecan shell yeast powder, water content≤25%, 20 mesh pass through
Rate >=90%.
Preferably, humic acid content >=65% of the ammonium humate, the content of organic matter >=80%, water-soluble >=
80%, water content≤10%, 80 mesh percent of pass >=90%.
The preparation method of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop of the present invention includes：
Each inorganic component of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop and organic component are mixed in proportion, obtained
Mixture, then mixture is passed sequentially through into extruder grain, throwing circle, dry, cooling and screening, it is special to obtain the fruit vegetables crop
Organic slow-release fertilizer.
The grain diameter of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop made from the above method is in 1.00~4.75mm
Ratio >=80%, water content are less than 10%.
The present invention also provides a kind of fruit vegetables crop is cultivated using the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the fruit vegetables crop
Method, which is characterized in that before fruit vegetables crop is transplanted or is broadcast live, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the fruit vegetables crop is passed through
The mode of holostrome bottom application is applied in soil, and amount of application is 80~150kg/ mus.
Preferably, 2~4 days before fruit vegetables crop is transplanted or is broadcast live apply the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
Material.
The holostrome bottom application refers to before plot last time turns over leveling, and fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields and is turned in field face, then row
Leveling is ploughed, is fully combined with soil.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention is added using lignin, biomass carbon, ammonium humate and pecan shell yeast powder as organic component
It is added in fertilizer and obtains the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, the sustained release performance of the organic slow-release fertilizer is good, fertilizer utilization
Rate is high, low energy consumption and environmental protection.
(2) the pure nutrient amount of application of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop of the present invention is few, and with certain weeding
Disease resisting effect can reduce Pesticide use amount.
(3) the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop of the present invention realizes the sustained release of the full nutrient of N P and K, and will not
Situations such as making soil that salination occur.
(4) simple production process of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop of the present invention, energy consumption are relatively low.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained with reference to specific implementation case.
Wherein, the lignin referred in embodiment is bought in the polynary lignin Co., Ltd in Shandong Gaotang, and product parameters are
Total lignin levels >=90%, phenolic hydroxyl group >=2.5%, methylol >=35%, sulfur content≤1.0%, water content≤7%, 80 mesh
Percent of pass >=95%；Biomass carbon purchase in Anhui Jin Jieneng bio tech ltd, product parameters for the content of organic matter >=
80%, water content≤10%, 60 mesh percent of pass >=95%；Ammonium humate buys humic acid Co., Ltd in Pingxiang City laterite,
Product parameters are humic acid content >=65%, and the content of organic matter >=80%, water solubility >=80%, water content≤10%, 80 mesh leads to
Cross rate >=90%；Other components are commercially available conventional products.
The preparation method of pecan shell yeast powder is：
1) pecan shell is collected in the hickory nut harvesting time；
2) screw extrusion removal partial moisture；
3) pecan shell is put into horizontal Zymolysis Equipment and fermented, 55~60 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 10~15
My god (no a large amount of gases generate, and colleague's fermentate, which has, can determine whether fermentation completion during decomposed taste)；The pecan shell that will be fermented
It crushes, sieve, drying to get to pecan shell yeast powder；
The content of organic matter >=60% of obtained pecan shell yeast powder, water content≤25%, 20 mesh percent of pass >=
90%.
The preparation method of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop is：It will be in the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
Each inorganic component and organic component mixed in proportion, obtain mixture；Mixture is passed sequentially through into extruder grain again, is thrown
Circle, dry, cooling and screening, obtain the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the fruit vegetables crop；
Wherein, ratio of the grain diameter of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop in 1.00~4.75mm >=
80%, water content is less than 10%.
Embodiment 1
First, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, component and dosage are：
It is 13 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 8 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 24 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium sulfate, wooden
5 parts of element, 5 parts of biomass carbon, 8 parts of bentonite, 11 parts of pecan shell powder, 3 parts of ammonium humate, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate
0.4 part, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.4 part of manganese sulfate, 0.4 part of borax.
2nd, the application of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
(1) place is applied：Hangzhou, Zhejiang province city Xihu District Shuan Pu towns
(2) subject and kind：Watermelon (8424 kylin melon)
(3) processing is set：
A, space management
B, fertilizer treatment is compareed：Refined Ran (N:P:K=18:4:19) composite fertilizer, 65kg/ mus of amount of application.4 before watermelon transplanting
My god, whole layer placement of fertilizer, 50kg/ mus of bottom application；Fruit expanding period imposes 15kg/ mus.
C, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：The special organic slow-release fertilizer (N of fruit vegetables crop:P:K=10:4.5:12),
100kg/ mus of amount of application.4 days before watermelon transplanting, whole layer placement of fertilizer, during whole bottom application are buried.
Experimental result is shown in Table 1
As shown in Table 1, compared with conventional fertilizer application compares, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop is in pure nutrient dosage phase
In the case of, total output promotes 11%, and single fruit weight promotion also promotes about 11%, and Watermelon Fruit centre pol substantially increases
Add.
In addition, in process of production, the aphid incidence of special organic slow-release fertilizer processing mitigates.
Embodiment 2
First, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, component and dosage are：
It is 15 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 6 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 16 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, wooden
4 parts of element, 4 parts of biomass carbon, 10 parts of bentonite, 16 parts of pecan shell powder, 8 parts of ammonium humate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, sulfuric acid are sub-
0.2 part of iron, 0.1 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of borax.
2nd, the application of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
(1) place is applied：Jinhua, Zhejiang Province city Jindong District Ling Xia towns strawberry cultivating area
(2) subject and kind：Strawberry (red rosy clouds)
(3) processing is set：
A, fertilizer treatment is compareed：Refined Ran (the N of bottom application:P:K=12:11:18) composite fertilizer 70kg/ mus, the phase is yielded positive results three times
Impose water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=20:4:20) it is, 3kg/ mus each.
B, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：The special organic slow-release fertilizer (N of fruit vegetables crop:P:K=11:3:8), apply
120kg/ mus of amount.3 days before sweet potato is transplanted, whole layer placement of fertilizer, during whole bottom application are buried.
Experimental result, as shown in table 2
As shown in Table 2, compared with conventional fertilizer application compares, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing is preceding while weight-reducing 19%
Four batches of fruit total output volume increase 8%；Although first batch of fruit yield level is consistent, under three batches of fruit yield are rapid after conventional fertilizer application processing
Drop, and the processing of special organic slow-release fertilizer can then keep more smoothly declining, sustained release performance is apparent.
And in entire growth course, compared with conventional fertilizer application compares, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing aphid, grey mold
The incidence such as disease, red spider are substantially reduced.
Embodiment 3
First, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, component and dosage are：
It is 12 parts of urea, 6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 12 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 7 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, wooden
5 parts of element, 5 parts of biomass carbon, 10 parts of bentonite, 15 parts of pecan shell powder, 4 parts of ammonium humate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, sulfuric acid are sub-
0.2 part of iron, 0.1 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of borax.
2nd, the application of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
(1) place is applied：Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province fertility In Jiashan Yao Zhuan towns
(2) subject and kind：Small tomato (topaz)
(3) processing is set：
A, fertilizer treatment is compareed：Bottom application Stanley composite fertilizer (N:P:K=17:17:17) 50kg/ mus and potassium sulfate 20kg/
Mu, phase of yielding positive results impose water soluble fertilizer (N three times:P:K=20:4:20) it is, 3kg/ mus each.
B, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：The special organic slow-release fertilizer (N of fruit vegetables crop:P:K=10:5:9), apply
150kg/ mus of amount.3 days before tomato is transplanted, whole layer placement of fertilizer, during whole bottom application are buried.
Experimental result, as shown in table 3.
As shown in Table 3, compared with conventional fertilizer application compares, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, in the same of weight-reducing 9%
When, total output promotes 8%.Although first batch of fruit yield level is consistent, three batches of fruit yield decline rapidly after conventional fertilizer application processing,
And special organic slow-release fertilizer processing can then keep more smoothly declining, sustained release performance is apparent.
Comparative example 1
First, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, component and dosage are：
It is 13 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 8 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 24 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium sulfate, wooden
5 parts of element, 5 parts of biomass carbon, 8 parts of bentonite, 11 parts of pecan shell powder, 3 parts of ammonium humate, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate
0.4 part, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.4 part of manganese sulfate, 0.4 part of borax.
2nd, fertilizer 1~4 is compared
Fertilizer 1 is compared, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with lignin and pecan shell hair
Ferment powder.
Fertilizer 2 is compared, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with biomass carbon.
Fertilizer 3 is compared, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with pecan shell yeast powder.
Fertilizer 4 is compared, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with lignin.
3rd, experiment is carried out
(1) test site：Hangzhou, Zhejiang province city Xihu District Shuan Pu towns
(2) subjects：Watermelon (8424 kylin melon)
(3) processing is set：A, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：Using the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, apply
100kg/ mus of dosage；
B, comparison processing 1：Using comparison fertilizer 1,100kg/ mus of amount of application；
C, comparison processing 2：Using comparison fertilizer 2,100kg/ mus of amount of application；
D, comparison processing 3：Using comparison fertilizer 3,100kg/ mus of amount of application；
E, comparison processing 4：Using comparison fertilizer 4,100kg/ mus of amount of application；
(4) method of application：3 days before watermelon transplanting, whole layer placement of fertilizer, during whole bottom application are buried.
(5) field efficacy：
A processing：Entire Growing season fertilizer is balanced, and growing way is steady, not remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe not early ageing, yield highest；
B processing：Early period, growing way was more prosperous than a processing, but showed de- fertile phenomenon in fruit expanding period, and leaf presenility is eventually exhibited as
Nutrient accumulation deficiency, the underproduction 10%；
C processing：Do not occur de- fertile phenomenon, but blade is less than normal, and yield is not much different with a processing and (reduces by 2%)；
D processing：Do not occur de- fertile phenomenon, but florescence is delayed, and sat and also delays, maturation time accordingly takes two days evenings, subtracts
Production 5%；
E processing：Early period, growing way was more prosperous than a processing, but showed de- fertile phenomenon in fruit expanding period, and blade is relatively thin, and leaf color shoals, most
The whole underproduction 8%；
Comparative example 2
First, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, component and dosage are：
It is 13 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 8 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 24 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of magnesium sulfate, wooden
5 parts of element, 5 parts of biomass carbon, 8 parts of bentonite, 11 parts of pecan shell powder, 3 parts of ammonium humate, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate
0.4 part, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.4 part of manganese sulfate, 0.4 part of borax.
2nd, fertilizer is compared
A kind of comparison fertilizer, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with micro- component.
3rd, experiment is carried out
(1) test site：Hangzhou, Zhejiang province city Xihu District Shuan Pu towns
(2) subjects：Watermelon (early spring carbuncle)
(3) processing is set：A, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：Using the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, apply
100kg/ mus of dosage；
B, comparison is handled：Using comparison fertilizer, 100kg/ mus of amount of application
(4) method of application：3 days before watermelon transplanting, whole layer placement of fertilizer, during whole bottom application are buried.
Result of the test is shown：Compared with comparison is handled, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing aphid incidence is substantially reduced, not
There are downy mildew disease symptoms, yield promotes 5%.
Experimental example 4
First, fertilizer sample
Fertilizer sample 1：(containing lignin and pecan shell yeast powder) weighs 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of chlorinations
Potassium, 2 parts of lignin, 2 portions of pecan shell yeast powder, mixing, extruder grain throw circle, dry, cool down, and fertilizer sample is made in screening
Product 1；
Fertilizer sample 2：(containing lignin) weighs 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of lignin, mixes,
Extruder grain throws circle, dry, cools down, and fertilizer sample 2 is made in screening；
Fertilizer sample 3：(yeast powder of shell containing pecan) weighs 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of mountains
Walnut Pu shell yeast powder, mixing, extruder grain throw circle, dry, cool down, and fertilizer sample 3 is made in screening；
Fertilizer sample 4：(blank control) weighs 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium chloride, mixing, extruder grain,
Circle is thrown, it is dry, it cools down, fertilizer sample 4 is made in screening；
2nd, experiment is carried out
(1) leaching device
Toward high 30cm, internal diameter 5.8cm band sand core chromatographic column in be initially charged with 2cm quartz sands, be reloaded into 250g wind desiceted soils；Separately
250g is taken to cross the air-dried soil sample of 1mm sieves, N content is designed as 200mg/kg in soil, thus determines the dosage of each fertilizer sample；Soil
It is covered again with 2cm quartz sands on column, disturbed soil during to prevent adding water.
(2) experimental procedure
First plus 250mL (be subject to plastic cup bottom begin with water exudation) water makes soil moisture close to saturation, training for the first time
200mL water is added after supporting 2d, is collected simultaneously leaching liquor, cultivates at room temperature after 2d (attention prevents that leaching column is dry and cracked), uses 200mL
Water carries out second of leaching, is operated later by similary program for each time.Cultivate 2d leachings 1 time, altogether leaching 8 times.
Leaching liquor is transferred to 500mL volumetric flasks, adds water constant volume, with Flow Analyzer and flame photometer detect full nitrogen, full phosphorus,
The indexs such as full potassium.
(3) experimental result
Nitrogen accumulation leaching extracting rate (%)
| Project | Fertilizer sample 1 | Fertilizer sample 2 | Fertilizer sample 3 | Fertilizer sample 4 |
| After first time leaching | 13.06 | 15.12 | 26.17 | 27.12 |
| After second of leaching | 17.05 | 19.76 | 32.89 | 33.76 |
| After third time leaching | 20.66 | 23.88 | 37.71 | 38.59 |
| After 4th leaching | 23.37 | 26.68 | 40.97 | 41.79 |
| After 5th leaching | 26.03 | 29.39 | 44.23 | 44.95 |
| After 6th leaching | 28.49 | 31.80 | 47.32 | 48.09 |
| After 7th leaching | 30.90 | 34.18 | 49.98 | 50.70 |
| After 8th leaching | 33.01 | 36.24 | 52.53 | 53.21 |
Phosphorus accumulation leaching extracting rate (%)
| Project | Fertilizer sample 1 | Fertilizer sample 2 | Fertilizer sample 3 | Fertilizer sample 4 |
| After first time leaching | 8.98 | 8.96 | 12.44 | 12.14 |
| After second of leaching | 13.73 | 13.78 | 17.89 | 17.87 |
| After third time leaching | 16.91 | 17.23 | 21.55 | 21.64 |
| After 4th leaching | 19.92 | 20.15 | 24.74 | 24.88 |
| After 5th leaching | 22.64 | 22.73 | 27.73 | 27.93 |
| After 6th leaching | 25.03 | 25.13 | 30.32 | 30.59 |
| After 7th leaching | 27.43 | 27.57 | 33.11 | 33.31 |
| After 8th leaching | 29.65 | 29.38 | 35.45 | 35.75 |
Potassium accumulation leaching extracting rate (%)
(4) interpretation of result
The accumulation leaching extracting rate of nutrient is lower in leaching experiment, and the slow release effect for reflecting fertilizer to a certain extent is better.From
It can be seen that in three parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation leaching extracting rate forms：Individually addition lignin can realize three big nutrient of Nitrogen, Phosphorus potassium
Sustained release, individually add pecan shell yeast powder then cannot；But after adding lignin and pecan shell yeast powder simultaneously,
Fertilizer is better than the slow release effect of nitrogen and potassium slow release effect during individually addition lignin, also just illustrates that pecan shell ferments
The addition of powder has facilitation effect to the slow-release function of lignin.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, including inorganic component and organic component, which is characterized in that described to have
The mass fraction of machine component is 20~35%；
Wherein, on the basis of the quality of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop, in inorganic component N element content for 8~
12%, with P2O5It is 2~6% to count P element content, with K2O meter K element contents are 7~15%；
The organic component, by weight, including following components：3~8 parts of lignin, 3~8 parts of biomass carbon, pecan
10~20 parts of shell yeast powder, 3~8 parts of ammonium humate；
Total lignin levels >=90% of the lignin, phenolic hydroxyl group >=2.5%, methylol >=35%, sulfur content≤1.0%,
Water content≤7%, 80 mesh percent of pass >=95%；The content of organic matter >=80% of the biomass carbon, water content≤10%, 60 mesh
Percent of pass >=95%；The pecan shell yeast powder successively through aerobic fermentation, crush, sieve, dry after obtain；Wherein, institute
Fermentation temperature is stated as 55~60 DEG C, the time is 10~15d；The content of organic matter >=60% of the pecan shell yeast powder, contains
Water≤25%, 20 mesh percent of pass >=90%.
2. the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that by weight, described
Inorganic component includes：8~15 parts of urea, 5~10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8~15 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15~25 parts of potassium sulfate, bentonite 8
~15 parts.
3. the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that by weight, described
Inorganic component further includes 1~2 part of trace element；Wherein, including：0.3~0.6 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2~0.4 part of ferrous sulfate,
0.1~0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2~0.4 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2~0.4 part of borax.
4. the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that by weight, including
Following components：
5. the special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the corruption of the ammonium humate
Phytic acid content >=65%, the content of organic matter >=80%, water-soluble >=80%, water content≤10%, 80 mesh percent of pass >=90%.
6. a kind of cultivate fruit vegetables crop using any special organic slow-release fertilizer of fruit vegetables crop of Claims 1 to 55
Method, which is characterized in that before fruit vegetables crop is transplanted or is broadcast live, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the fruit vegetables crop is passed through
The mode of holostrome bottom application is applied in soil, and amount of application is 80~150kg/ mus.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1803733A (en) * | 2006-01-14 | 2006-07-19 | 杨建国 | Dedicated liquid composite fertilizer for vegetables drop irrigation and preparation method thereof |
| CN101234927A (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2008-08-06 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Humic acid slow release soil-modifying fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102863285A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Special eggplant slow-release fertilizer using biomass granular carbon as matrix and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1803733A (en) * | 2006-01-14 | 2006-07-19 | 杨建国 | Dedicated liquid composite fertilizer for vegetables drop irrigation and preparation method thereof |
| CN101234927A (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2008-08-06 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Humic acid slow release soil-modifying fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102863286A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Cabbage special use slow release fertilizer using biomass carbon granules as matrixes and preparation method of slow release fertilizer |
| CN102863285A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Special eggplant slow-release fertilizer using biomass granular carbon as matrix and preparation method thereof |
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