CN106187289B - Method for preparing light foamed ceramic by using nickel slag and biomass powder - Google Patents
Method for preparing light foamed ceramic by using nickel slag and biomass powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN106187289B CN106187289B CN201610520041.2A CN201610520041A CN106187289B CN 106187289 B CN106187289 B CN 106187289B CN 201610520041 A CN201610520041 A CN 201610520041A CN 106187289 B CN106187289 B CN 106187289B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/0675—Vegetable refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. wood chips, cork, peat, paper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/138—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
the invention discloses a method for preparing light foamed ceramics by using nickel slag and biomass powder, which comprises the following steps: mixing 27-72 parts of nickel slag, 28-73 parts of silicon-aluminum waste residue, 15-30 parts of biomass powder and 1-6 parts of foaming agent in parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and molding to obtain a blank; and sintering the blank in a high-temperature furnace, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the light foamed ceramic.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic material preparation and also belongs to the technical field of solid waste utilization. Relates to a preparation method of light foamed ceramics, in particular to a method for preparing light foamed ceramics by using nickel slag and biomass powder.
Background
the nickel slag is industrial waste slag discharged in the nickel metal smelting process, namely granulated slag formed by water quenching of a melt formed in the nickel smelting process. According to statistics, the accumulated accumulation of the nickel slag in China exceeds 1000 ten thousand tons. These slags contain SiO in addition to2、Fe2O3and MgO, and also contains various heavy metal elements such as chromium, lead, copper, zinc and the like. In the process of accumulation and landfill disposal, elements such as chromium, lead, copper and zinc enter soil, surface water and underground water under the leaching, soaking and scouring action of rainwater, surface water, percolate and the like, and then migrate into a food chain to cause environmental pollution and harm human health. Aiming at the research of preparing high value-added products by using nickel slag, the main component SiO in the nickel slag is recycled2MgO, etc. to prepare the high temperature foamed ceramic.
The high-temperature foaming ceramic material has the characteristics of light density, low heat conductivity coefficient, high strength, no combustion and corrosion resistance. With the improvement of living standard and the increasing prominence of energy crisis, the modern society puts forward higher and higher requirements on high-temperature foamed ceramic materials, and the high-temperature foamed ceramic materials not only have good heat insulation, but also have the functions of fire resistance, sound insulation, decoration effect and the like. However, the high-temperature foaming ceramic material is expensive and has a narrow application range, so that the high-temperature foaming ceramic material with high storage and stable components is selected to prepare the high-temperature foaming ceramic material with high strength, and has important economic and technical values.
The published patent (CN 104326762A) discloses a high-purity quartz foamed ceramicThe preparation method of (1), mixing SiO2Uniformly mixing the quartz foamed glass with SiC micro powder, preserving heat for 20-60 minutes at 1700-1750 ℃ in vacuum or argon atmosphere to prepare quartz foamed glass, and then carrying out heat treatment on the quartz foamed glass to generate crystallization to prepare the high-purity quartz foamed ceramic. In the patent (CN 104310974A), a preparation method of high-purity alumina foamed ceramic is carried out by mixing Al2O3With Al4C3And uniformly mixing the micro powder, and preserving the heat for 20-60 minutes at 2100-2250 ℃ in a vacuum argon atmosphere to prepare the high-purity alumina foamed ceramic. Although the two foamed ceramics have high strength, the raw materials are expensive, the production conditions are limited, the cost is overhigh, and the large-scale production is not facilitated.
disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention takes nickel slag as a main raw material, and adds biomass powder as a pore-forming agent and a foaming agent to prepare the foamed ceramic. The invention not only can obtain the foamed ceramic with higher performance, but also solves the problem of difficult recycling of the nickel slag in the prior art and the problem of high cost of the foamed ceramic.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a lightweight foamed ceramic prepared from nickel slag and biomass powder and a preparation method thereof, wherein the lightweight foamed ceramic comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing nickel slag, silicon-aluminum waste residue, biomass powder and a foaming agent, wherein the mixture comprises 27-72 parts of nickel slag, 28-73 parts of silicon-aluminum waste residue, 15-30 parts of biomass powder and 1-6 parts of foaming agent;
2) Uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, and molding to obtain a blank body;
3) And sintering the blank in a high-temperature furnace, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the light foamed ceramic.
Specifically, the nickel slag adopted by the invention comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 2240.38 to 55.99%, MgO 17.19 to 28.31%, Fe2O34.89 to 10 percent of Al2O34.86-7.29 percent of CaO, 0.92-4.02 percent of CaO and K, Na being less than 3 percent. The nickel slag is firstly coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher, then finely ground by a planetary ball mill, and filtered by a ball mill 12And (4) sieving with a 0-mesh sieve to obtain powder.
The silicon-aluminum waste residue is one or more than two of fly ash, lithium residue, silicomanganese residue or aluminum sulfate residue. Wherein, the lithium slag contains: SiO 2255.6 to 58.54% of Al2O34.86-7.29%; the silicomanganese slag contains: SiO 2238.10 to 40.80% of Al2O318.03 to 19.10 percent; the aluminum sulfate slag contains: SiO 2271.56 to 74.40 percent of Al2O38.30 to 12.64 percent.
Preferably, the optimal mixture ratio of the nickel slag, the lithium slag and the fly ash is as follows: 45 parts of nickel slag, 12 parts of lithium slag and 43 parts of fly ash, and additionally 25 parts of rice hull powder and 4 parts of anhydrite.
The biomass powder is prepared from rice hulls, rice straws, corn stalks, wheat straws or cotton straws through cleaning, drying and grinding.
preferably, the rice husk is 25 parts.
The high-temperature foaming agent is one or a mixture of more than two of anhydrite, sodium sulfate, manganese dioxide or silicon carbide.
The molding is compression molding, grouting or injection molding. Wherein, during compression molding, a polyvinyl alcohol (5 wt%) solution accounting for 5-15% of the total amount of the blank is added into the mixed blank, and the mixture is ground, granulated, sieved by a 120-mesh sieve and finally molded under 4-10 MPa. During grouting or injection molding, the weighed raw materials are added with 30-35% of water (or other solvents) and ground to form slurry; then pouring into gypsum mould, dewatering and forming, and drying the blank body at below 150 deg.C.
The research shows that the compression molding mode has the characteristics of small loss of raw materials, high product size precision and good repeatability, and compared with the other two molding modes, the dry blank prepared by the compression molding mode has high strength, the shrinkage rate of a product is small, and the mechanical property is stable. Therefore, press molding is preferable, and further, in press molding, a 10% polyvinyl alcohol (5 wt%) solution is preferably added under a pressure of 7 MPa; in the case of slip casting or injection molding, 32% water is added and ground to form a slurry.
And the sintering is carried out at 1300-1600 ℃ for 60-120 min.
the volume density of the lightweight foamed ceramic material prepared by the method is 0.21-0.45 g/cm3The compression strength is 1.98-5.87 MPa, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.295-0.628W/(m DEG C).
the best scheme of the invention is as follows: weighing nickel slag, lithium slag and fly ash according to a mass ratio of 45:12:43, uniformly mixing with 25 parts of rice hull powder and 4 parts of anhydrite, adding 10% polyvinyl alcohol (5 wt%) solution, grinding and granulating, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a blank; pressing and molding the blank under 7MPa to obtain a blank body; and (3) drying the blank, putting the dried blank into a sagger filled with alumina powder, putting the sagger into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 90min to obtain the light foamed ceramic. Wherein, the alumina powder can be repeatedly used.
Has the advantages that: (1) SiO is generated by using main decomposition products in the nickel slag at a certain temperature2adding different biomass powder as pore-forming agent and different foaming agent; wherein, other impurity mineral compositions in the nickel slag can play a fluxing role in the sintering process.
(2) The nickel slag and other industrial waste residues are used as raw materials, so that the solid waste is effectively utilized, and the waste is changed into valuable; the method not only solves the environmental problem caused by accumulation of a large amount of industrial waste residues, but also generates certain economic benefit, and changes the dilemma that a large amount of capital investment is needed for solving the environmental problem of the current enterprises; the valuable components in the nickel slag are fully utilized, the defect of low efficiency and extensive recycling of the existing resources is overcome, the production cost is reduced, and the environment is protected.
(3) The foamed ceramic material prepared by the method provided by the invention is light in weight, high in strength and excellent in heat preservation and heat insulation performance.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
The raw materials and reagent materials used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Preparing raw materials: cleaning, drying and grinding the rice hulls to prepare rice hull powder; milling the nickel slag by using a jaw crusher and a planetary ball mill, and sieving by using a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder;
Mixing materials: weighing nickel slag, lithium slag and fly ash according to a mass ratio of 45:12:43, uniformly mixing with 25 parts of rice hull powder and 4 parts of anhydrite, adding 10% polyvinyl alcohol (5 wt%), grinding and granulating, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a blank;
Molding: pressing and molding the blank under 7MPa to obtain a blank body;
And (3) firing: and (3) drying the blank, putting the dried blank into a sagger filled with alumina powder, putting the sagger into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 90min to obtain the light foamed ceramic.
and (3) performance testing: the bulk density of the foamed ceramic material was measured to be 0.21g/cm3The compression strength is 5.43MPa, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.295W/(m.DEG C).
Example 2
Preparing raw materials: cleaning, drying and grinding the corn stalks to prepare corn stalk powder; milling the nickel slag by using a jaw crusher and a planetary ball mill, and sieving by using a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder;
Mixing materials: weighing nickel slag, lithium slag and silicomanganese slag according to a mass ratio of 72:21:7, uniformly mixing with 30 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of silicon carbide and 3 parts of sodium sulfate, adding a 15% polyvinyl alcohol (5 wt%) solution, grinding and granulating, and sieving by using a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a blank;
Molding: pressing and molding the blank under 10MPa to obtain a blank body;
And (3) firing: and (3) drying the blank, putting the dried blank into a sagger filled with alumina powder, putting the sagger into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1600 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 120min to obtain the light foamed ceramic.
And (3) performance testing: the bulk density of the foamed ceramic material was measured to be 0.35g/cm3Its compression strength is 5.87MPa and its thermal conductivity is 0.560W/(m.deg.C).
Example 3
preparing raw materials: cleaning cotton stalks, drying and grinding to prepare cotton stalk powder; milling the nickel slag by using a jaw crusher and a planetary ball mill, and sieving by using a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder;
Mixing materials: weighing nickel slag, lithium slag, silicomanganese slag and aluminum sulfate slag according to the mass ratio of 27:23:15:35, additionally weighing 15 parts of cotton stalk powder and 1 part of manganese dioxide, and adding 32% of water to grind to form slurry;
molding: and (3) injecting the slurry into a gypsum model, dehydrating and forming, and drying the blank at the temperature of below 150 ℃.
And (3) firing: and (3) drying the blank, putting the dried blank into a sagger filled with alumina powder, putting the sagger into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 60min to obtain the light foamed ceramic.
And (3) performance testing: the bulk density of the foamed ceramic material was measured to be 0.45g/cm3Its compression strength is 1.98MPa and its thermal conductivity is 0.628W/(m deg.C).
example 4
Preparing raw materials: cleaning, drying and grinding wheat straws to prepare wheat straw powder; milling the nickel slag by using a jaw crusher and a planetary ball mill, and sieving by using a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder;
Mixing materials: weighing nickel slag, lithium slag, silicomanganese slag and aluminum sulfate slag according to the mass ratio of 50:13:26:11, additionally weighing 25 parts of wheat straw powder, 5 parts of sodium sulfate and adding 35% ethanol for grinding to form slurry;
Molding: and (3) injecting the slurry into a gypsum model, dehydrating and forming, and drying the blank at the temperature of below 150 ℃.
And (3) firing: and (3) drying the blank, putting the dried blank into a sagger filled with alumina powder, putting the sagger into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1350 ℃, and preserving the heat for 90min to obtain the light foamed ceramic.
And (3) performance testing: the volume density of the foamed ceramic material is measured to be 0.41g/cm3Its compression strength is 3.34MPa and its heat conductivity coefficient is 0.547W/(m.deg.C).
example 5
Preparing raw materials: cleaning, drying and grinding the rice straws to prepare rice straw powder; milling the nickel slag by using a jaw crusher and a planetary ball mill, and sieving by using a 120-mesh sieve to obtain powder;
Mixing materials: weighing nickel slag, lithium slag and fly ash according to a mass ratio of 57:18:25, uniformly mixing with 20 parts of rice straw powder and 3 parts of sodium silicon carbide, adding a 5% polyvinyl alcohol (5 wt%) solution, grinding and granulating, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a blank;
Molding: pressing and molding the blank under 4MPa to obtain a blank body;
and (3) firing: and (3) drying the blank, putting the dried blank into a sagger filled with alumina powder, putting the sagger into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1550 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 90min to obtain the light foamed ceramic.
and (3) performance testing: the foamed ceramic was found to have a bulk density of 0.29g/cm3its compression strength is 4.95MPa, and its heat conductivity is 0.496W/(m.cndot.).
Claims (6)
1. a method for preparing light foamed ceramics by using nickel slag and biomass powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing nickel slag, silicon-aluminum waste residue, biomass powder and a foaming agent, wherein the mixture comprises 27-72 parts of nickel slag, 28-73 parts of silicon-aluminum waste residue, 15-30 parts of biomass powder and 1-6 parts of foaming agent;
(2) Uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, and molding to obtain a blank body;
(3) Sintering the blank in a high-temperature furnace, and cooling to room temperature to obtain light foamed ceramic;
The nickel slag comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 2240.38 to 55.99%, MgO 17.19 to 28.31%, Fe2O34.89 to 10 percent of Al2O34.86-7.29 percent of CaO, 0.92-4.02 percent of CaO and less than 3 percent of K, Na; the foaming agent is one or a mixture of more than two of anhydrite, sodium sulfate, manganese dioxide or silicon carbide; the sintering is carried out by keeping the temperature at 1300-1600 ℃ for 60-120 min;
The volume density of the prepared light foamed ceramic material is 0.21-0.45 g/cm3the compression strength is 1.98-5.87 MPa, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.295-0.628W/(m DEG C).
2. The method for preparing lightweight foamed ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the nickel slag is coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher, then is finely ground by a planetary ball mill, and is sieved by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain nickel slag powder.
3. The method for preparing lightweight foamed ceramic by using nickel slag and biomass powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste slag of silicon and aluminum is one or more of fly ash, lithium slag, silicomanganese slag or aluminum sulfate slag.
4. The method for preparing lightweight foamed ceramics according to claim 1, wherein the biomass powder is obtained by washing, drying and grinding rice hulls, rice straws, corn stalks, wheat straws or cotton straws.
5. The method for preparing lightweight foamed ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the forming is compression molding, slip casting or injection molding.
6. The method for preparing lightweight foamed ceramic by using nickel slag and biomass powder as claimed in claim 5, wherein during compression molding, polyvinyl alcohol solution accounting for 5-15% of the total amount of the blank is added into the mixed blank, and the mixture is ground, granulated, sieved by a 120-mesh sieve and finally molded under 4-10 MPa; the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol is 5 wt%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107698274B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-06-09 | 盐城工学院 | Forsterite light heat-insulating refractory material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107721440B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-04-17 | 盐城工学院 | Forsterite-spinel-carbon conductive refractory material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109053150A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-21 | 江西庾岭晶硕新材料有限公司 | A kind of production method of lithium slag light ceramic plate |
| CN110204312A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-06 | 江苏赛清科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of ferronickel dregs porcelain granule |
| CN110627512B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2022-08-26 | 青岛青力环保设备有限公司 | Method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water-quenched silicomanganese slag |
| CN110627479B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2022-08-05 | 青岛青力环保设备有限公司 | Method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water-quenched nickel-iron slag |
| CN110981432A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-04-10 | 广东省建筑材料研究院 | Preparation method of nickel slag heat-insulation ceramic tile |
| CN111943573A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-17 | 江西赣锋锂业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing lightweight concrete aerated building block from lithium slag |
| CN113480324A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-08 | 辽宁工业大学 | Foamed ceramic prepared from fly ash and metallurgical waste residues and preparation method thereof |
| CN113880602A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-04 | 上海理工大学 | Preparation method of magnesium-nickel-rich slag inorganic polymer porous material |
| CN116573950A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-08-11 | 浙江天地环保科技股份有限公司 | Foamed ceramic synthesized by utilizing fly ash and lithium slag and preparation method thereof |
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| US20050116395A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Shun-Yuan Tsai | Method for aluminum residue ash recycling utilization |
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| CN102701783A (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2012-10-03 | 张书源 | Fly ash foamed ceramic heat-insulation board and firing process |
| CN105601320A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-05-25 | 盐城工学院 | Porous ceramic prepared from magnesium-rich metallurgy nickel slag and preparation method of porous ceramic |
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