CN106187040B - 过滤型活性碳铬渣制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法 - Google Patents
过滤型活性碳铬渣制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
本发明提供过滤型活性碳铬渣制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,包括以下步骤:多孔集水海绵砖的配料:水泥10~20wt%、粒径100~250µm铬渣开孔空心微珠45~65wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠5~15wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰3~10wt%、聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维0.5~3.0wt%和粒径100~150µm活性碳10~30wt%,按比例取样并混合均匀,将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,再加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.0%的铝粉膏,铝粉膏水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水的浆液,将制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成多孔集水海绵砖。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及过滤型活性碳铬渣制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,属于材料技术领。
背景技术
由于厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象,我国的气候出现极端的变化,降雨分布极不均匀,南北方旱涝不均,在同一个地区,一年中降雨量也极不均等,缺水已经制约经济的发展和人民生活,合理利用现有的降水,将小区路面、马路、公共休闲广场有效的降水合理收集、储存、利用,缓解干旱缺水季节的用水,水的热容量大,既能吸热也能放热。
发明内容
铬渣的主要成份为氧化硅、氧化铁、氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化镁,包含的矿物方镁石、硅酸钙,是微晶玻璃组成相,提高了铬渣的抗压强度,活性碳采用粒径80~150µm,粒径越小比表面积越大,过滤型的活性碳指活性碳强大的吸附功能,活性碳具有吸附性和催化性能,对水中溶解的有机污染物如苯类化合酚类化合物、石油及石油产品等具有较强的吸附能力,有效去除水中的重金属及重金属离子的能力,还具有除去水中的异臭、异味,对细菌也有极好的过滤作用,利用开孔的铬渣空心微珠作为基料,以硅酸钠作为粘结剂,水泥为多孔集水海绵砖增加机械强度和粘结作用,聚乙烯醇高吸水的树脂纤维是强吸水剂,采用膨胀浆液,降低浆液的密度,制成的多孔集水海绵砖的一个面呈燕尾槽状,多孔集水海绵砖吸收的水分进入燕尾槽,受重力的作用再流入集水管,集水管将多孔集水海绵砖连接在一起,雨水汇集到集水池中。
其技术方案为:过滤型活性碳铬渣制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,第一步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料:水泥10~20wt%、粒径100~250µm铬渣开孔空心微珠45~65wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰3~10wt%、聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维0.5~3.0wt%和粒径100~150µm活性碳10~30wt%,以上各组分的重量百分比之和为100%;
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为100~250µm铬渣开孔空心微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将铬渣开孔空心微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠均匀喷洒在铬渣开孔空心微珠的外表面,铬渣开孔空心微珠随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器中,使每个铬渣开孔空心微珠的外表面都均匀附着硅酸钠,硅酸钠是无机粘合剂,是亲水型的,粘结力强、强度较高,耐酸性、耐热性好,亲水性能不影响粘结性,混合料为水泥10~20wt%、粒径100~250µm铬渣开孔空心微珠45~65wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰3~10wt%、聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维0.5~3.0wt%和粒径100~150µm活性碳10~30wt%,再将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,灰为混合料,最后加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.0%的铝粉膏,水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水的浆液,降低海绵砖的重量,聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维具有极强的吸水性,吸水后的海绵砖抗压强度不变;
第三步、过滤型多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,按1.2~2.0:1体积比压制,比例1.2~2.0为压制前的体积,比例1为压制后的体积,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成多孔集水海绵砖,多孔集水海绵砖的一个面呈燕尾槽状,多孔集水海绵砖吸收的水分进入燕尾槽内,集水管嵌入燕尾槽内,集水管嵌入燕尾槽内的一部分圆弧面为开口状,另一部分圆弧面为封闭状,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖的汇集,进入燕尾槽内,受重力的作用再流入集水管,集水管将单个多孔集水海绵砖连接在一起,集水管汇集的雨水进入集水池中。
铬渣开孔空心微珠的制备:先将铬渣加工成粒径200~400µm实心微珠,粒径100~200µm高岭土和100~200µm无烟煤三者按重量百分比60~75wt%:15~35wt%:20~35wt%取样混合均匀,三种组分的重量百分比之和为100%,放入压坯机中做成毛坯并烘干,放入600~800℃硅钼棒中温炉烧结20~40min,在无氧的条件下,碳还原法,经脱毒处理,使六价铬转换为三价铬,达到废物利用,以防铬渣造成对环境危害,形成烧结块,高岭土是强粘结剂,含有氧化硅、氧化铝,粒径越小,比表面越大,经过高温烧结,形成改性的铬渣玻璃质材料,材料的组分不同,改性后材料的化学性质也不同,铬渣的主要成份为氧化硅、氧化铁、氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化镁,包含的矿物方镁石、硅酸钙矿物,是微晶玻璃组成相,提高了铬渣的抗压强度,将烧结块破碎,制成粒径150~350µm改性的铬渣实心微珠,按0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经800~950℃膨胀、1000~1500℃烧制、快速冷却,形成壁厚50~100µm、粒径100~250µm铬渣开孔空心微珠,铬渣再经1000℃以上的焙烧,矿渣中所含的重金属经过氧化还原反应,全部被固定。
活性碳采用粒径100~150µm,粒径越小比表面积越大,过滤型的活性碳指活性碳强大的吸附功能,活性碳具有吸附性和催化性能,对水中溶解的有机污染物如苯类化合酚类化合物、石油及石油产品等具有较强的吸附能力,有效去除水中的重金属及重金属离子的能力,还具有除去水中的异臭、异味,对细菌也有极好的过滤作用。
粉煤灰是强吸水剂,经过高温烧结,有较高的活性。
多孔集水海绵砖将蓄积的雨水一部分通过集水管汇集到集水池中,另一部分渗入到土壤中,增加土壤水分含量,在夏天高温季节,多孔集水海绵砖还能将表面的热量传导到土壤中,降低海绵砖地表面的温度,水的热容量大,既能吸热也能放热。
本发明具有以下优点。
1、制备海绵砖所用的材料无机环保材料,对环境不会造成危害,海绵砖可回收能多次使用。
2、制备海绵砖粉煤灰和聚乙烯醇高吸水的树脂纤维是强吸水剂,能吸收海绵砖表面的水分进入内部,达到一定数量时,受重力的作用下落进入集水管内。
3、在混合料中加入铝粉膏,形成多孔膨胀的浆液,降低了浆液的密度。
4、铬渣的主要成份为氧化硅、氧化铁、氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化镁,包含的矿物方镁石、硅酸钙矿物,是微晶玻璃组成相,提高了铬渣的抗压强度。
5、活性碳具有吸附性和催化性能,是对水中溶解的有机污染物如苯类化合酚类化合物、石油及石油产品等具有较强的吸附能力,有效去除水中的重金属及重金属离子的能力,还具有除去水中的异臭、异味,对细菌也有良好的过滤作用。
附图说明
图1 是本发明实施例的海面砖的轴测结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的海面砖的底视结构示意图。
图3 是本发明实施例的单块海绵砖由集水管连接在一起的结构示意图。
其中图中1、海绵砖 2、燕尾槽 3、集水管。
具体实施方式
实施例。
在如图1~3所示的实施例中,过滤型活性碳铬渣制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,第一步、先将铬渣加工成粒径200µm实心微珠,粒径100µm高岭土和150µm无烟煤三者按重量百分比60:20:20取样混合均匀,放入压坯机中做成毛坯并烘干,放入800℃硅钼棒中温炉烧结30min,形成烧结块,碳还原法,脱毒处理,使六价铬转换为三价铬,以防铬渣造成对环境危害,高岭土是强粘结剂,经过高温改性烧结,置换反应,经过高温改性烧结,将烧结块破碎,制成粒径150µm改性的铬渣实心微珠,按0.6的水灰比调浆,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经840℃膨胀、1350℃高温烧制、快速冷却,形成壁厚100µm、粒径200µm铬渣开孔空心陶瓷微珠。
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料:取水泥15wt%、粒径200µm铬渣开孔空心微珠55wt%、模数3.5的硅酸钠 10wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰3wt%和聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维2.0wt%和粒径150µm活性碳15wt%。
第三步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为200µm铬渣开孔空心微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将铬渣开孔空心微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.5的硅酸钠 均匀喷洒在铬渣开孔空心微珠的外表面,随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器,将混合料以0.55的水灰比调浆,再加入混合料总重量为0.4%的铝粉膏,水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水的浆液,降低海绵砖的重量,聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维具有极强的吸水性,吸水后的海绵砖抗压强度不变,过滤型的活性碳指活性碳强大的吸附功能,活性碳具有吸附性和催化性能,是对水中溶解的有机污染物如苯类化合酚类化合物、石油及石油产品等具有较强的吸附能力,有效去除水中的重金属及重金属离子的能力,除去水中的异臭、异味,对细菌也有良好的过滤作用,采用改性的活性碳,增强活性碳的性能。
第四步、过滤型多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,按1.6: 1的体积比压制,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成多孔集水海绵砖1,多孔集水海绵砖1的一个面呈燕尾槽2状,多孔集水海绵砖1吸收的水分进入燕尾槽2内,在燕尾槽2内安装着集水管3,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖1的汇集,进入燕尾槽2内,受重力的作用再流入集水管3,集水管3将单个多孔集水海绵砖1连接在一起,集水管3汇集的雨水进入集水池中,经过沉淀、过滤,再次使用。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明型的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明型技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.过滤型活性碳铬渣制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料:水泥10~20wt%、粒径100~250µm铬渣开孔空心微珠45~65wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰3~10wt%、聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维0.5~3.0wt%和粒径100~150µm活性碳10~30wt%,以上各组分的重量百分比之和为100%,铬渣开孔空心微珠的制备:先将铬渣加工成粒径200~400µm实心微珠,粒径100~200µm高岭土和100~200µm无烟煤三者按重量百分比60~75wt%:15~35wt%:20~35wt%取样混合均匀,三种组分的重量百分比之和为100%,放入压坯机中做成毛坯并烘干,放入600~800℃硅钼棒中温炉烧结20~40min,形成烧结块,将烧结块破碎,制成粒径150~350µm改性的铬渣实心微珠,按0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经800~950℃膨胀、1000~1500℃烧制、快速冷却,形成壁厚50~100µm、粒径100~250µm铬渣开孔空心微珠;
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为100~250µm铬渣开孔空心微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将铬渣开孔空心微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠均匀喷洒在铬渣开孔空心微珠的外表面,铬渣开孔空心微珠随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器内搅拌均匀,再将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,最后加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.0%的铝粉膏搅拌均匀,铝粉膏水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水的浆液;
第三步、多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成多孔集水海绵砖(1),多孔集水海绵砖(1)的一个面呈燕尾槽(2)状,集水管(3)嵌入燕尾槽(2)内,集水管(3)嵌入燕尾槽(2)内的一部分圆弧面为开口状,另一部分圆弧面为封闭状,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖(1)的汇集,进入燕尾槽(2)内,受重力的作用进入集水管(3),集水管(3)将单个多孔集水海绵砖(1)连接在一起,集水管(3)汇集的雨水进入集水池中。
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