CN106145869B - 吸音型涤纶纤维铅锌矿石制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法 - Google Patents
吸音型涤纶纤维铅锌矿石制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
- E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
- E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
- E01C5/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of bricks
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Abstract
本发明提供吸音型涤纶纤维铅锌矿石制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,包括以下步骤:多孔集水海绵砖的配料:将水泥15~20wt%、粒径为200~450µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠45~65wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、粒径为100~200µm氧化钙3~5wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5~7wt%、高吸水树脂纤维0.5~5.0wt%和涤纶纤维15~30wt%混合均匀,将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,再加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.5%的铝粉膏,铝粉膏水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水浆液,将膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,经刮平、压制、脱模、晾干,制成海绵砖。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸音型涤纶纤维铅锌矿石制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,属于材料技术领。
背景技术
由于厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象,我国的气候出现极端的变化,降雨分布极不均匀,南北方旱涝不均,在同一个地区,一年中降雨量也极不均等,缺水已经制约经济的发展和人民生活,合理利用现有的降水,将小区路面、马路、公共休闲广场有效的降水合理收集、储存、利用,缓解干旱缺水季节的用水,意义重大。
发明内容
铅锌矿石中含有铅、锌、硫、氟、氯元素和氧化硅、氧化铁氧化物,涤纶纤维增加海绵砖的机械韧性,还能使海绵砖形成多个纵横交叉的微孔,微孔具有吸音的功能,以硅酸钠作为粘结剂,水泥为多孔集水海绵砖增加机械强度和粘结作用,聚乙烯醇高吸水的树脂纤维是强吸水剂,采用膨胀浆液,降低浆液的密度,制成的多孔集水海绵砖的一个面呈燕尾槽状,多孔集水海绵砖吸收的水分进入燕尾槽,受重力的作用再流入集水管,集水管将多孔集水海绵砖连接在一起,雨水汇集到集水池中。
其技术方案为:吸音型涤纶纤维铅锌矿石制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,第一步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料:水泥15~20wt%、粒径为200~450µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠45~65wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、粒径为100~200µm氧化钙3~5wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5~7wt%、高吸水树脂纤维0.5~5.0wt%和涤纶纤维15~30wt%,以上各组分的重量百分比之和为100%;
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为50~100µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将开孔空心微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠均匀喷洒在开孔空心微珠的外表面,随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器,硅酸钠是无机粘合剂,是亲水型的,粘结力强、强度较高,耐酸性、耐热性好,亲水性能不影响粘结性,混合料为水泥15~20wt%、粒径为200~450µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠45~65wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、粒径为100~200µm氧化钙3~5wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5~7wt%、高吸水树脂纤维0.5~5.0wt%和涤纶纤维15~30wt%,将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,灰为混合料,再加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.5%的铝粉膏或者硫酸铝中的一种,水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水的浆液,降低海绵砖的重量,聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维具有极强的吸水性,吸水后的海绵砖抗压强度不变;
第三步、多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,按1.2~2.0:1体积比压制,比例1.2~2.0为压制前的体积,比例1为压制后的体积,经刮平、压制、脱模,晾干,制成的多孔集水海绵砖的一个面呈燕尾槽状,多孔集水海绵砖吸收的水分进入燕尾槽内,集水管嵌入燕尾槽内,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖的汇集,进入燕尾槽内,受重力的作用再流入集水管,集水管将单个多孔集水海绵砖连接在一起,集水管汇集的雨水进入集水池中。
铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠的制备:先将铅锌矿石加工成粒径100~300µm球形实心微珠,粒径100~200µm高岭土两者按重量百分比70~85wt%:15~35wt%取样混合均匀,两种组分的重量百分比之和为100%,放入压坯机中做成毛坯并烘干,放入1000~1500℃硅钼棒高温炉烧结中保温烧结20~40min,形成烧结块,高岭土是强粘结剂,主要成分为氧化硅、氧化铝,粒径越小,比表面越大,经过高温烧结,形成改性的铅锌矿石材料,材料的组分不同,改性后材料的化学性质也不同,铅铅锌矿石中含有铅、锌、硫、氟、氯元素和氧化硅、氧化铁氧化物,将烧结块破碎,制成粒径150~250µm改性的铅锌矿石实心微珠,按0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经1000~1300℃高温烧制、膨胀、快速冷却,形成壁厚50~100µm、粒径200~450µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠,通过高温烧结,置换反应,矿石中的铅、锌、硫、氟、氯重金属元素被固定,制备的铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠流动性好。
涤纶纤维为中空状,能增加海绵砖的机械韧性,还能使海绵砖形成多个纵横交叉的微孔,微孔具有较强的吸音功能。
氧化钙水化反应,产生大量的热量,生成氢氧化钙呈胶凝状,与氧化硅、氧化铝生成硅酸钙,氧化钙是激活剂,激发水泥的活性。
多孔集水海绵砖将蓄积的雨水一部分通过集水管汇集到集水池中,另一部分渗入到土壤中,增加土壤水分含量,在夏天高温季节,多孔集水海绵砖还能将表面的热量传导到土壤中,降低海绵砖地表面的温度,水的热容量大,既能吸热也能放热。
粉煤灰是强吸水剂,经过高温烧结,有较高的活性。
本发明具有以下优点。
1、制备海绵砖所用的材料无机环保材料,对环境不会造成危害,海绵砖可回收能二次使用。
2、制备海绵砖粉煤灰和聚乙烯醇高吸水的树脂纤维是强吸水剂,能吸收海绵砖表面的水分进入内部,达到一定数量时,受重力的作用下落进入集水管内。
3、在混合料中加入铝粉膏,形成多孔膨胀的浆液,降低了浆液的密度。
4、铅铅锌矿石中含有铅、锌、硫、氟、氯元素和氧化硅、氧化铁氧化物,通过高温烧结,置换反应,铅锌矿石中的铅、锌、硫、氟、氯重金属元素被固定。
5、涤纶纤维为中空状,能增加海绵砖的机械韧性,还能使海绵砖形成多个纵横交叉的微孔,微孔具有较强的吸音功能。
附图说明
图1 是本发明实施例的海面砖的轴测结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的海面砖的底视结构示意图。
图3 是本发明实施例的单块海绵砖由集水管连接在一起的结构示意图。
其中图中1、海绵砖 2、燕尾槽 3、集水管。
具体实施方式
实施例。
在如图1~3所示的实施例中,吸音型涤纶纤维铅锌矿石制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,第一步、铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠的制备:先将铅锌矿石加工成粒径200µm球形实心微珠,粒径200µm高岭土两者按重量百分比80wt%:20wt%取样混合均匀,放入压坯机中做成毛坯并烘干,放入1300℃硅钼棒高温炉烧结中保温烧结30min,形成烧结块,高岭土是强粘结剂,主要成分为氧化硅、氧化铝,粒径越小,比表面越大,经过高温烧结,形成改性的铅锌矿石玻璃质材料,铅铅锌矿石中含有铅、锌、硫、氟、氯元素和氧化硅、氧化铁氧化物,通过高温烧结,置换反应,铅锌矿石中的铅、锌、硫、氟、氯重金属元素被固定,将烧结块破碎,制成粒径150µm改性的铅锌矿石实心微珠,按0.55的水灰比调浆,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经1000℃高温烧制、膨胀、快速冷却,形成壁厚70µm、粒径300µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠。
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料:水泥15wt%、粒径为300µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠45wt%、模数3.5的硅酸钠 10wt%、粒径为150µm氧化钙3wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5wt%、高吸水树脂纤维2.0wt%和涤纶纤维20wt%。
第三步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为300µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.5的硅酸钠 均匀喷洒在铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠的外表面,随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器,将混合料以0.6的水灰比调浆,再加入混合料总重量为1.0%的铝粉膏,水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀的浆液,降低海绵砖的重量,聚乙烯醇高吸水树脂纤维具有极强的吸水性,吸水后的海绵砖抗压强度不变,涤纶纤维增加海绵砖的机械韧性,还能使海绵砖形成多个纵横交叉的微孔,微孔具有吸音的功能。
第四步、多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,按1.8: 1的体积比压制,经刮平、压制、脱模,晾干,制成的多孔集水海绵砖1的一个面呈燕尾槽2状,多孔集水海绵砖1吸收的水分进入燕尾槽2内,在燕尾槽2内安装着集水管3,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖1的汇集,进入燕尾槽2内,受重力的作用再流入集水管3,集水管3将单个多孔集水海绵砖1连接在一起,集水管3汇集的雨水进入集水池中,经过沉淀、过滤,再次使用。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明型的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明型技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.吸音型涤纶纤维铅锌矿石制备多孔集水海绵砖的方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步、多孔集水海绵砖的配料:将水泥15~20wt%、粒径为200~450µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠45~65wt%、模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠 5~15wt%、粒径为100~200µm氧化钙3~5wt%、烧失量1.1%的粉煤灰5~7wt%、高吸水树脂纤维0.5~5.0wt%和涤纶纤维15~30wt%取样,以上各组分的重量百分比之和为100%,铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠的制备:先将铅锌矿石加工成粒径100~300µm的球形实心微珠和粒径100~200µm高岭土,两者按重量百分比70~85wt%:15~35wt%取样混合均匀,两种组分的重量百分比之和为100%,放入压坯机中做成毛坯并烘干,放入1000~1500℃硅钼棒高温炉烧结中保温烧结20~40min,形成烧结块,高岭土是强粘结剂,主要成分为氧化硅、氧化铝,经过高温烧结,形成改性的铅锌矿石材料,铅锌矿石中含有铅、锌、硫、氟、氯元素和氧化硅、氧化铁氧化物,将烧结块破碎,制成粒径150~250µm的铅锌矿石实心微珠,按0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,经过离心旋转高速喷射形成微珠,再经1000~1300℃高温烧制、膨胀、快速冷却,形成壁厚50~100µm、粒径200~450µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠;
第二步、多孔集水海绵砖膨胀吸水浆液的制备:按第一步的重量百分比取样,先将粒径为200~450µm铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠放入料仓中,由提升机送入布料器,布料器将铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠均匀分布在调速皮带秤上,喷淋器将模数3.2~3.5的硅酸钠均匀喷洒在铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠的外表面,铅锌矿石开孔空心微珠随调速皮带秤进入内螺旋滚筒搅拌器,将混合料以0.5~0.7的水灰比调浆,再加入混合料总重量为0.2~1.5%的铝粉膏搅拌均匀,铝粉膏水化反应生成气泡,形成多孔膨胀吸水的浆液;
第三步、多孔集水海绵砖的制备:将第二步制备的膨胀吸水浆液搅拌均匀倒入海绵砖压制机的试模中,经刮平、压制、脱模,晾干,制成的多孔集水海绵砖(1)的一个面呈燕尾槽(2)状,集水管(3)嵌入燕尾槽(2)内,雨水经过多孔集水海绵砖(1)的汇集,进入燕尾槽(2)内,再流入集水管(3),集水管(3)将单个多孔集水海绵砖(1)连接在一起,集水管(3)汇集的雨水进入集水池中。
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