CN106186973B - 一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料及其涂覆工艺 - Google Patents
一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料及其涂覆工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料及其涂覆工艺。以硅酸三钙和铝酸三钙为基体材料,钽酸钾为光催化杀菌材料,并掺入砂子,与水混合,搅拌均匀得到杀菌防腐涂料。本发明具有原料来源广泛,成本较低,工艺简单,杀菌性能高效稳定等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防腐材料领域,具体涉及一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料及其涂覆工艺。
背景技术
进入21世纪,我国已经迈入了沿海经济大发展的时代,可以预见未来一段时期内将有大批海港码头、跨海桥梁、隧道、海上采油平台等使用混凝土结构。浪贱区的混凝土结构由于长期经受风吹,日晒和海浪的反复拍打,混凝土结构的表层容易积累大量的菌落和微生物。如何有效地阻止这些菌落和微生物对混凝土结构的腐蚀破坏,已逐渐引起广大科研工作者的重视,并成为学术界研究的重点之一。因此,开发和利用新材料、新技术解决混凝土结构的腐蚀问题是当前土木工程领域科技工作者面临的最紧迫的任务之一。
在生物腐蚀方面,T-硫氧化菌、硫杆菌X、噬硅菌造成的生物硫酸腐蚀是其中一种常见的混凝土腐蚀,其具体过程为:环境水体中的有机和无机悬浮物随着水体的流动而逐渐沉积于混凝土结构的表面成为附着物,附着物中的硫酸根离子被硫还原菌还原,生成硫化氢气体。同时,硫化氢气体通过复杂的生物化学反应,氧化生成酸性较强的硫酸,从而降低周围环境的pH值。硫酸溶解释放的氢离子通过扩散进入混凝土的内部,并与混凝土内部的钢筋结构相接触,从而发生混凝土和钢筋的腐蚀,严重威胁着混凝土建筑结构的安全。目前常用的杀菌材料是纳米二氧化钛,由于纳米二氧化钛能够进行“光催化反应”,其受到光激发后,产生化学能,利用产生的化学能来进行氧化还原反应。光催化的基本原理是利用纳米二氧化钛作为光催化材料,在特定波长的光辐射下,在纳米二氧化钛表面产生氧化性极强的空穴或反应性极高的羟基自由基。这些空穴或自由基可以有效地与有机污染物、病毒、细菌发生接触和复合而产生强烈的破坏作用,导致有机污染物被降解,病毒与细菌被杀灭,从而达到降解环境污染物,杀菌抑菌和防腐的目的。但纳米二氧化钛受制于其制备工艺和产能的影响以及对人体的潜在危害性,亟待开发一种新型的替代产品,应用于不适于使用纳米二氧化钛的混凝土防腐工艺中。
另外,目前的现有技术中已存在多的钢筋混凝土块防腐蚀的方法。如申请号为201310232855.2的发明专利公开了一种防腐蚀建筑混凝土,包括水泥和掺合物,还具有防腐剂和分散剂。该发明的防腐蚀建筑混凝土是通过使异丁基三乙氧基硅烷渗透到混凝土内部,与暴露在酸性或碱性环境中的空气及基底中的水分子发生化学反应,形成斥水处理层,从而抑制水分进入到基底中。其必须在制备混凝土砂浆时,即将防腐剂和分散剂加入原料中,而对于已成型的混凝土块无法使用。申请号为201510550106.3的发明专利公开了一种改性丙烯酸涂层混凝土防腐方法,包括如下步骤:涂层试验;脚手架搭设;混凝土的清理;混凝土的打磨;混凝土的修补找平;涂刷丙烯酸树脂封闭底漆;涂刷丙烯酸树脂面漆;养护。该发明本质是将丙烯酸树脂封闭底漆和面漆,在混凝土表面形成一道强有力的保护屏障,阻挡水和二氧化碳进入混凝土块。但该方法并不能对长期浸泡于水中的混凝土块其作用,因为其表面的细菌依然无法被杀灭,容易进入内部对钢筋造成侵蚀。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中存在的问题,并提供一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料及其涂覆工艺,以满足混凝土长期浸泡于海水中而带来的杀菌防腐要求。本发明所采用的具体技术方案如下:
一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料,其原料包含:钽酸钾10-20质量份,铝酸三钙2-6质量份,硅酸三钙25-40质量份,砂35-55质量份。
一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料的涂覆工艺,步骤如下:
将10-20质量份的钽酸钾、2-6质量份的铝酸三钙、25-40质量份的硅酸三钙搅拌、混合均匀后得到干拌料A;
在干拌料A中加入适量水,充分混合均匀得到混合物B;混合物B机械拌合后,继续一边搅拌,一边再把35-55质量份的砂和4-6质量份的水一起倒入混合物B中,继续拌合形成涂料C;
沾取涂料C,均匀涂覆于目标混凝土块表面并养护成型。
上述技术方案中,钽酸钾作为光催化材料,可以在特定波长的光辐射下,产生羟基自由基,从而达到杀菌抑菌和防腐的目的。而铝酸三钙、硅酸三钙和砂则起了粘合剂的作用,将钽酸钾涂覆于海洋钢筋混凝土表面,由此可以防止微生物造成的生物硫酸腐蚀,保持混凝土内部钢筋的结构安全性。
作为优选,所述的目标混凝土块在涂覆涂料之前洒水湿润,使涂覆材料能够稳定、长期固定在混凝土块外表面。
作为优选,所述的砂预先过80目筛网。另外,所述的干拌料A与水的重量比为(2-4):1。砂的目数和水的用量可以影响涂料的粘合性能,上述参数下其粘合性能较好。但针对具体的环境,可根据试验确定相应比例和参数。
作为优选,所述的养护成型具体为将涂覆后的混凝土块静置于常温空气中凝固成型。
本发明的光催化防腐涂料,钽酸钾作为光催化材料,可以通过抑制细菌的生长,明显提高混凝土构件的腐蚀电位,从而减缓生物硫酸对混凝土结构腐蚀和破坏。本发明中的硅酸三钙、铝酸三钙及砂作为粘结剂,与钽酸钾具有协同效应,进一步的抑制了细菌的生长。本发明具有原料来源广泛,成本较低,工艺简单,杀菌性能高效稳定等优点。本发明适合用于长期浸泡于海水中的海洋混凝土结构的杀菌防腐。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例4中空白对照组与实验组的自腐蚀电位随时间变化图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步阐述和说明。本发明中各个实施方式的技术特征在没有相互冲突的前提下,均可进行相应组合。
光催化抑菌防腐涂料的原料包含:钽酸钾10-20份,铝酸三钙2-6份,硅酸三钙25-40份,砂35-55份(均为质量份)。杀菌防腐涂料的涂覆工艺可采用如下具体方法:
预处理:砂过80目筛网,混凝土试块洒水湿润。
干混:将按前述组分比例称量的钽酸钾,铝酸三钙,硅酸三钙倒入容器,置于混料机中搅拌10分钟,混合均匀得到干拌料A。
湿混:在干拌料A中加入适量水,干拌料A与水的重量比为(2-4):1,置于混料机中充分混合均匀得到混合物B。机械拌合3分钟后,继续一边搅拌,一边再把称量好的砂和(4-6)份水一起倒入混合物B中,继续拌合2分钟,形成涂料C。
涂覆:把事先准备好的混凝土试块洒水湿润,用滚筒刷沾取涂料C,均匀涂覆于混凝土表面,形成试块D。
养护:试块D静置于常温空气中24小时候后凝固成型。
下述实施例1-4分别为杀菌涂料的制备:
实施例1
预处理:砂过80目筛网,混凝土试块洒水湿润。
干混:将称量的15份钽酸钾,4.4份铝酸三钙,25.6份硅酸三钙倒入容器,置于混料机中搅拌10分钟,得到干拌料A。
湿混:按照A:水=2:1的重量比,在干拌料A中加入水22.5份,置于混料机中充分混合均匀得到混合物B。机械拌合3分钟后,一边搅拌,一边再把称量好的43份砂和4份水一起倒入混合物B中,继续拌合2分钟,形成涂料C
涂覆:用滚筒刷沾取涂料C,均匀涂覆于混凝土表面。
养护:试块静置于常温空气中24小时后凝固成型。
实施例2
预处理:砂过80目筛网,混凝土试块洒水湿润。
干混:将称量的13份钽酸钾,3.9份铝酸三钙,31.1份硅酸三钙倒入容器,置于混料机中搅拌7分钟,得到干拌料A。
湿混:按照A:水=3:1的重量比,在干拌料A中加入水16份,置于混料机中充分混合均匀得到混合物B。机械拌合3分钟后,一边搅拌,一边再把称量好的52砂和4份水一起倒入混合物B中,继续拌合2分钟,形成涂料C
涂覆:用滚筒刷沾取涂料C,均匀涂覆于混凝土表面。
养护:试块静置于常温空气中24小时后凝固成型。
实施例3
预处理:砂过80目筛网,混凝土试块洒水湿润。
干混:将称量的17份钽酸钾,4.2份铝酸三钙,33.8份硅酸三钙倒入容器,置于混料机中搅拌7分钟,得到干拌料A。
湿混:按照A:水=3:1的重量比,在干拌料A中加入水18.3份,置于混料机中充分混合均匀得到混合物B。机械拌合3分钟后,一边搅拌,一边再把称量好的45砂和4份水一起倒入混合物B中,继续拌合2分钟,形成涂料C
涂覆:用滚筒刷沾取涂料C,均匀涂覆于混凝土表面。
养护:试块静置于常温空气中24小时后凝固成型。
实施例4
预处理:砂过80目筛网,混凝土试块洒水湿润。
干混:将称量的20份钽酸钾,3.7份铝酸三钙,29.3份硅酸三钙倒入容器,置于混料机中搅拌7分钟,得到干拌料A。
湿混:按照A:水=3.5:1的重量比,在干拌料A中加入水15.1份,置于混料机中充分混合均匀得到混合物B。机械拌合3分钟后,一边搅拌,一边再把称量好的47份砂和4份水一起倒入混合物B中,继续拌合2分钟,形成涂料C
涂覆:用滚筒刷沾取涂料C,均匀涂覆于混凝土表面。
养护:试块静置于常温空气中24小时后凝固成型。
为了验证本发明的涂料和涂覆方法的效果,进行了开路电位测试和光催化杀菌实验。上述实施例1-4所制备的混凝土块的测试结果基本相同,为了简明起见,下面以实施例4为例进行阐述。其具体方法和结果如下:
1)开路电位测试
分别取两个实验组,每组两个平行混凝土试块(40*40*40mm)。第一组作为空白对照组,两个试块没有涂覆本发明涂料(UC-01/02)。第二组作为实验组,两个试块均匀涂覆本发明的光催化防腐涂料(C-01/02)。每个试块单独放入四个密封杯中,并倒入400ml带有细菌(T-硫氧化菌、硫杆菌X、噬硅菌)的污水,并用日光灯进行照射。每天定时取出试块,用电化学工作站做开路电位测试。测试结果如图1所示。
众所周知,腐蚀电位越高,越不容易腐蚀。在浸泡于污水中的初始阶段,腐蚀电位波动很大,而且腐蚀电位往往朝着数值变小的方向(即腐蚀的方向)进行。随着浸泡时间越来越长,腐蚀电位的波动越来越小,最终腐蚀电位趋向于一个稳定的数值。
由测试图可以发现,涂覆有本发明的光催化防腐涂料的两个混凝土试件(C-01/02)腐蚀电位区间在-520—-600mV之间,明显高于没有涂覆本发明的光催化防腐涂料的两个混凝土试件(UC-01/02)腐蚀电位-680—-720mV,两者电位差达到100mV左右。所以本发明的光催化防腐涂料可以通过抑制细菌的生长,明显提高混凝土构件的腐蚀电位,从而减缓生物硫酸对混凝土结构腐蚀和破坏。
2)光催化杀菌实验
准备实验用试块:混凝土试块(40*40*5mm)分为两组,空白组混凝土试块不做处理,实验组混凝土试块表面(40*40mm)涂抹本发明涂料。
取实验用试块放置于培养皿中,40*40mm的面朝上,把事先配置好的带有菌落的营养液倒入试块上,使用紫外光线照射到带有菌落的液体上,过一段时间,取一定量带菌落液体滴落于无菌平板上,并在显微镜下计数。以菌落数量的多少来判断涂层杀菌能力的强弱。菌落数量越少,则代表杀菌能力越强。
补充说明:1、(由于紫外线本身就有很强的杀菌作用,如果使用能量较强的紫外灯,会掩盖本发明涂层试片的光催化杀菌作用,因此本实验选用中等激发波长365nm、中等功率20W的紫外光作为光催化激发光源)2、由于菌落种类数量众多,本实验选择了造成生物硫酸腐蚀的三种细菌作为实验菌:T-硫氧化菌、硫杆菌X、噬硅菌。
表1T-硫氧化菌培养液试验
表2硫杆菌X培养液试验
表3噬硅菌培养液试验
注:单位cfu/ml:指的是每毫升样品中含有的细菌群落总数
由上述表中数据可见在经过35分钟的紫外线照射后,四种涂层试块上的活菌菌量分别减少到0.63,0.50,0.72,只有原活菌菌量的39.1%,30.3%,43.9%,。然而作为对照的无涂层试块上的活菌菌量仍然维持在1.5-1.6。说明涂层试件能够有效的杀灭菌群。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案,然其并非用以限制本发明。有关技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型。因此凡采取等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料,其特征在于,原料组成为:钽酸钾10-20质量份,铝酸三钙2-6质量份,硅酸三钙25-40质量份,砂35-55质量份。
2.一种光催化抑菌防腐涂料的涂覆工艺,其特征在于,步骤如下:
将10-20质量份的钽酸钾、2-6质量份的铝酸三钙、25-40质量份的硅酸三钙搅拌、混合均匀后得到干拌料A;
在干拌料A中加入适量水,充分混合均匀得到混合物B;混合物B机械拌合后,继续一边搅拌,一边再把35-55质量份的砂和4-6质量份的水一起倒入混合物B中,继续拌合形成涂料C;
沾取涂料C,均匀涂覆于目标混凝土块表面并养护成型。
3.如权利要求2所述的涂覆工艺,其特征在于,所述的目标混凝土块在涂覆涂料之前洒水湿润。
4.如权利要求2所述的涂覆工艺,其特征在于,所述的砂预先过80目筛网。
5.如权利要求2所述的涂覆工艺,其特征在于,所述的干拌料A与水的重量比为(2-4):1。
6.如权利要求2所述的涂覆工艺,其特征在于,所述的养护成型具体为将涂覆后的混凝土块静置于常温空气中凝固成型。
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