CN106179416B - 一种二维纳米光催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种二维纳米光催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无贵金属掺杂、成本低、制备简单、光催化活性高的光催化剂的制备方法。该方法在锰插层的二硫化钼纳米片上原位复合锰掺杂的二氧化钛纳米片材料,一锅法制备了二维纳米片状光催化剂Mn‑TiO2/MoS2。所制备的Mn‑TiO2/MoS2可应用于光催化水分解制氢、光催化降解有机污染物以及太阳能光伏电池制备等领域。本发明属于新型纳米功能材料与绿色能源技术领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二维纳米光催化剂的制备方法。属于新型纳米功能材料与绿色能源技术领域。
背景技术
光催化剂,是一种在光的照射下,自身不起变化,却可以促进化学反应的物质,如常见的叶绿素就是典型的光催化剂,它能够在植物的光合作用中促进空气中的二氧化碳和水合成为氧气和碳水化合物。光催化剂的催化作用就是在自然界中存在的光的照射下,将光能转换成为化学反应所需的能量。光催化剂可使周围的氧气及水分子激发成极具氧化力的自由负离子,从而分解所有对人体和环境有害的有机物质及部分无机物质,而且,光催化剂不仅能加速反应,亦能运用自然界的定侓,不造成资源浪费与附加污染形成。目前,能作为光催化剂的材料主要包括二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化锡、二氧化锆、硫化镉等多种氧化物硫化物半导体,其中二氧化钛(TiO2)因其氧化能力强,化学性质稳定无毒,成为世界上最当红的光催化剂材料。
然而,要充分发挥二氧化钛的实际应用水平,需要一方面通过调控其材料形貌以暴露更多高活性晶面来提高光催化活性,另一方面通过掺杂不同金属或金属氧化物调控光敏波长向可见光范围扩展来提高太阳光的利用率。由于二维二氧化钛纳米材料,如二氧化钛纳米片、二氧化钛纳米方块等,能够暴露更多的高活性晶面,具有更高的光催化活性,二氧化钛纳米片具有比纳米粒子更好地应用前景,对于二氧化钛纳米片的研究也备受关注。而单一的二氧化钛纳米材料的光敏波长一般在紫外区,而且由于分散性差、易堆叠而互相影响,从而降低光催化活性,不利于实际应用。因此,研发成本低、制备简单的高光催化活性的二氧化钛光催化剂具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。
二硫化钼(化学式为MoS2)纳米材料,具有二维层状结构,是应用最广泛的固体润滑剂之一。其剥离后的片状二维纳米材料,是性能优异的半导体纳米材料,除了具有大的比表面积,可以作为催化剂和生物抗体的载体,提高负载量,同时作为助催化剂也具有优良的电子传递性能。
目前,大多数的合成手段都是分开合成后,再将催化剂与载体进行复合,过程繁琐,产率不高。因此,对于原位复合制备具有优良催化性能的催化剂具有广泛的应用前景和重要的科学意义。
综上可知,在合适的载体上设计、制备高催化活性、高分散稳定性的二氧化钛纳米片是制备二氧化钛光催化剂的关键技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无贵金属掺杂、成本低、制备简单、光催化活性高的光催化剂。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
1.一种二维纳米光催化剂的制备方法,所述的二维纳米光催化剂为锰掺杂二氧化钛纳米方块原位复合二硫化钼的二维纳米复合材料Mn-TiO2/MoS2,其特征在于,所述的Mn-TiO2/MoS2的制备步骤为:
(1)由于二硫化钼为二维层状结构,可以利用锂离子对其进行插层处理,以达到利于剥离从而制备片状结构二硫化钼薄层二维纳米材料的目的,因此,本发明首先取0.6 g二硫化钼粉末和0.2 ~ 2.0 mmol锰盐共同加入到3~10 mL正丁基锂溶液中,在氮气保护和30~ 60 ℃下,搅拌12 ~ 48小时,该反应是利用半径较小锂离子和半径较大的锰离子相继插层到二硫化钼中,将二硫化钼块体材料层层分离,反应充分后,得到反应后的溶液;
(2)利用非极性溶剂洗涤步骤(1)中反应后的溶液,使用孔径为450 μm的滤膜进行过滤,将所得固体溶于乙醇水溶液中,然后在30 ~ 60 ℃下进行水浴超声处理,将锂离子和锰离子插层的二硫化钼进行超声剥离,处理完后,再利用乙醇洗涤处理后的溶液,将半径较小的锂离子洗涤去掉后,真空干燥,得到锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料,由于剥离后的二硫化钼片状二维薄层纳米材料,具有较大的比表面积,吸附了反应中的锰离子,因此所制得的锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料为吸附有锰离子的二硫化钼片状二维纳米材料;
(3)取10 ~ 500 mg步骤(2)制得的锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料加入到5 mL钛酸四丁酯中,搅拌1小时后,边搅拌边缓慢加入0.5 ~ 0.8 mL氢氟酸,然后160~180 ℃下在反应釜中反应18 ~ 20小时,使得二氧化钛纳米片在二硫化钼片状二维纳米材料上原位复合,形成复合纳米材料,由于二硫化钼片状二维纳米材料上吸附的锰离子在二氧化钛纳米片生长过程中,参与反应过程,得到了锰掺杂的二氧化钛纳米方块材料,并很好的分散在二硫化钼片状二维纳米材料上;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的反应产物,用超纯水和无水乙醇离心洗涤三次后,50 ℃下真空干燥,即制得Mn-TiO2/MoS2;
所述的正丁基锂溶液为正丁基锂的己烷溶液,浓度为1.6 mol/L;
所述的锰盐选自下列之一:硫酸锰、氯化锰、硝酸锰、乙酸锰;
所述的非极性溶剂选自下列之一:己烷、环己烷、四氯化碳、苯、甲苯;
所述的乙醇水溶液,该水溶液中乙醇和水的体积比为0.5~3(乙醇):1(水);
所述的水浴超声处理,处理时间为1小时。
本发明的有益成果
(1)本发明所述的光催化剂制备方法简单、快速,无贵金属掺杂、成本低,具有市场发展前景;
(2)本发明首次采用原位复合的方法制备了新型光催化剂Mn-TiO2/MoS2,该方法主要有三个优势:一是,由于锰在二氧化钛纳米方块上的原位生长而充分与二氧化钛纳米方块接触,利用锰的金属表面等离子体作用,有效阻止了光生电子-空穴对的复合,极大地提高了光催化活性,由于金属离子的作用,拓宽了光敏波长地范围,实现了在可见光区地光催化作用,极大地提高了太阳光地利用效率,解决了二维二氧化钛纳米材料虽然光催化效果好,但是在太阳光照射下光催化效果差的技术问题;二是,由于二硫化钼片状二维纳米材料的负载特性和二氧化钛纳米方块在其上的充分分散,极大地增大了二氧化钛纳米方块的光催化活性和解决了二维二氧化钛纳米材料不利于分散而降低光催化活性的技术问题;三是,由于锰离子在该过程中既作为插层材料又作为反应掺杂材料,最后采用原位复合的方法实现了该复合材料的一锅制备,不但节省了时间、材料损耗,而且使得制备的锰掺杂的二氧化钛纳米方块能够更好地均匀分散到二硫化钼片状二维纳米材料上面。因此,该材料的有效制备,具有重要的科学意义和应用价值;
(3)本发明制备的光催化剂Mn-TiO2/MoS2,由于光催化活性高、具有高效的光电转化效率,易于成膜,而且自身的生物相容性好、大的比表面积、高的表面介孔吸附特性,可以作为基质材料,制备各类传感器,如光电化学传感器、电致化学发光传感器、电化学传感器等,具有广泛的潜在使用价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1 Mn-TiO2/MoS2的制备
(1)取0.6 g二硫化钼粉末和0.2 mmol锰盐共同加入到3mL正丁基锂溶液中,在氮气保护和60 ℃下,搅拌12小时,得到反应后的溶液;
(2)利用非极性溶剂洗涤步骤(1)中反应后的溶液,然后在60 ℃下进行水浴超声处理,处理完后,再利用非极性溶剂洗涤处理后的溶液,真空干燥,得到锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料;
(3)取500 mg步骤(2)制得的锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料加入到5 mL钛酸四丁酯中,搅拌1小时后,边搅拌边缓慢加入0.5 mL氢氟酸,然后160 ℃下在反应釜中反应18小时;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的反应产物,用超纯水和无水乙醇离心洗涤三次后,50 ℃下真空干燥,即制得Mn-TiO2/MoS2;
所述的正丁基锂溶液为正丁基锂的己烷溶液,浓度为1.6 mol/L;
所述的锰盐为硫酸锰;
所述的非极性溶剂为己烷;
所述的水浴超声处理,处理时间为1小时。
实施例2 Mn-TiO2/MoS2的制备
(1)取0.6 g二硫化钼粉末和1.0 mmol锰盐共同加入到5 mL正丁基锂溶液中,在氮气保护和30 ℃下,搅拌24小时,得到反应后的溶液;
(2)利用非极性溶剂洗涤步骤(1)中反应后的溶液,然后在30 ℃下进行水浴超声处理,处理完后,再利用非极性溶剂洗涤处理后的溶液,真空干燥,得到锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料;
(3)取200 mg步骤(2)制得的锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料加入到5 mL钛酸四丁酯中,搅拌1小时后,边搅拌边缓慢加入0.6 mL氢氟酸,然后180 ℃下在反应釜中反应20小时;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的反应产物,用超纯水和无水乙醇离心洗涤三次后,50 ℃下真空干燥,即制得Mn-TiO2/MoS2;
所述的正丁基锂溶液为正丁基锂的己烷溶液,浓度为1.6 mol/L;
所述的锰盐为氯化锰;
所述的非极性溶剂为四氯化碳;
所述的水浴超声处理,处理时间为1小时。
实施例3 Mn-TiO2/MoS2的光催化活性测试
以 500 W 卤钨灯为光源,距离光催化反应器约 10 cm,光源与反应器之间置一滤光片,截掉波长小于 420 nm 的光。将 2 mg 实施例1制备的Mn-TiO2/MoS2加入到 50 mL 浓度为0.1 mmol/L 的甲基橙溶液中,超声分散 10 min,然后将料液置于暗室中搅拌 0.5 小时,确保样品表面吸附达到吸附-脱附平衡后,在光照下搅拌进行反应。每隔 10~20 min 取一次样,用孔径 0.45 µm 的滤膜过滤,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定滤液在波长为462 nm处的吸光度,根据溶液浓度与吸光度成正比计算不同反应时间的甲基橙溶液浓度和降解率,实验80 min 后脱色率达到 99 %以上,说明本发明所制备的Mn-TiO2/MoS2具有实际应用价值。
实施例4 Mn-TiO2/MoS2的光催化活性测试
以 500 W 卤钨灯为光源,距离光催化反应器约 10 cm,光源与反应器之间置一滤光片,截掉波长小于 420 nm 的光。将 2 mg 实施例2制备的Mn-TiO2/MoS2加入到 50 mL 浓度为0.1 mmol/L 的甲基橙溶液中,超声分散 10 min,然后将料液置于暗室中搅拌 0.5 小时,确保样品表面吸附达到吸附-脱附平衡后,在光照下搅拌进行反应。每隔 10~20 min 取一次样,用孔径 0.45 µm 的滤膜过滤,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定滤液在波长为462 nm处的吸光度,根据溶液浓度与吸光度成正比计算不同反应时间的甲基橙溶液浓度和降解率,实验80 min 后脱色率达到 99 %以上,说明本发明所制备的Mn-TiO2/MoS2具有实际应用价值。
Claims (1)
1.一种二维纳米光催化剂的制备方法,所述的二维纳米光催化剂为锰掺杂二氧化钛纳米方块原位复合二硫化钼的二维纳米复合材料Mn-TiO2/MoS2,其特征在于,所述的Mn-TiO2/MoS2的制备步骤为:
(1)取0.6 g二硫化钼粉末和0.2 ~ 2.0 mmol锰盐共同加入到3~10 mL正丁基锂溶液中,在氮气保护和30 ~ 60 ℃下,搅拌12 ~ 48小时,得到反应后的溶液;
(2)利用非极性溶剂洗涤步骤(1)中反应后的溶液,然后在30 ~ 60 ℃下进行水浴超声处理,处理完后,再利用非极性溶剂洗涤处理后的溶液,真空干燥,得到锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料;
(3)取10 ~ 500 mg步骤(2)制得的锰插层的二硫化钼纳米材料加入到5 mL钛酸四丁酯中,搅拌1小时后,边搅拌边缓慢加入0.5 ~ 0.8 mL氢氟酸,然后160~180 ℃下在反应釜中反应18 ~ 20小时;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的反应产物,用超纯水和无水乙醇离心洗涤三次后,50 ℃下真空干燥,即制得Mn-TiO2/MoS2;
所述的正丁基锂溶液为正丁基锂的己烷溶液,浓度为1.6 mol/L;
所述的锰盐选自下列之一:硫酸锰、氯化锰、硝酸锰、乙酸锰;
所述的非极性溶剂选自下列之一:己烷、环己烷、四氯化碳、苯、甲苯;
所述的水浴超声处理,处理时间为1小时。
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