CN106164372A - 用于纸张涂层的水性乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物分散体 - Google Patents
用于纸张涂层的水性乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物分散体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106164372A CN106164372A CN201480077494.1A CN201480077494A CN106164372A CN 106164372 A CN106164372 A CN 106164372A CN 201480077494 A CN201480077494 A CN 201480077494A CN 106164372 A CN106164372 A CN 106164372A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于纸张涂层组合物的聚合物分散体,在一种或多种聚合物乳化剂存在下,通过以下各项的自由基引发的水性乳液聚合可获得:a)按重量计60至97%的乙酸乙烯酯,b)按重量计2至30%的乙烯,c)按重量计0.5至5%的至少一种烯属不饱和硅烷单体,d)按重量计0.5至5%的至少一种烯属不饱和羧酸,在每种情况下基于用于聚合的单体的总重量,并且在每种情况下按重量计%的数据总和为按重量计100%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于纸张涂层的水性乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物分散体,以及包含乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物分散体的纸张涂层组合物。
背景技术
纸张涂层组合物用于造纸工业以为纸张提供各种物理性能。通常,纸张涂覆有纸张涂层以改善印刷适性,并且改善纸张表面的平滑性和光泽度,且特别地改善白度。这样的纸张涂层通常包含水性聚合物分散体、一种或多种颜料及其他通常用于纸张涂层制剂的添加剂。除了苯乙烯和丁二烯的共聚物以及苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯的共聚物之外,具有乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯(VAE)的共聚物的纸张涂层组合物已经变得重要。
在涂覆的纸张上的平板印刷(offset printing)过程期间,涂布层经历高强度的应力。这是由于油墨层失去其油类载体至涂层的孔隙结构中,由油墨层增强的黏着力增加导致的。当黏着力增强太迅速,或者涂层强度不足时,观察到“干粘(dry pick)”的现象,其中油墨会移除涂层的碎片。此外,在其中已经施加水性润版液(foundation solution)的印刷物的非图象区中,涂层被削弱并且随后使用油墨的印刷可能导致移除涂层的碎片,现象已知为“湿粘(wet pick)”。因此,除了上述的在纸张涂层中所要求的基本品质之外,纸张涂层组合物必须具有高填料负载能力和高耐水性。目前的基于乙酸乙烯酯乙烯乳胶分散体的粘合剂没有显示出期望的特性。
在EP 0 140 227 A2中公开了染色的纸张涂层组合物,其包含具有共聚的硅烷官能的共聚单体以及包括羧基官能的共聚单体或酰胺官能的共聚单体或多烯属不饱和共聚单体的组以外的至少一种共聚单体的乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物的聚合物水分散体。这些共聚物赋予改善的干粘强度。
EP 0 381 379 B1公开了平版胶印(offset lithographic printing)纸张的方法,其中,纸张涂覆有包含低级乙烯基酯、乙烯、α支化的单羧酸的乙烯基酯、和多不饱和共聚单体的共聚物的乳剂的涂层组合物。
WO 2012/012231 A1公开了用乳化剂稳定化并且用于纸张涂层组合物乙酸乙烯酯乙烯乳胶。该公开的目的是替换乙酸乙烯酯乙烯分散体中的烷基酚乙氧基化物乳化剂。该问题是使用在阴离子和/或非离子的乳化剂存在下聚合的包含乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯、烯属不饱和羧酸、和多烯属不饱和的共聚单体单元的互聚物解决的。
WO 2013/170411 A1公开了使用乙酸乙烯酯分散体代替苯乙烯丁二烯分散体用于在其应用期间避免臭味的发散。使用的乙酸乙烯酯分散体是在两种不同的聚乙烯醇和醇乙氧基化物乳化剂的混合物的存在下聚合的。
WO 2014/036740 A1描述了包含具有硅烷官能的共聚单体单元的乙烯基酯乙烯共聚物,以及具有磺酸基团、或膦酸基团或硫酸基团或磷酸基团的离子型共聚单体单元的纸张涂层组合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供赋予高填料负载能力和耐水性的改善的乙烯基酯乙烯乳胶分散体。
本发明涉及在一种或多种聚合物乳化剂存在下,通过以下各项的自由基引发的水性乳液聚合可获得的用于纸张涂层组合物的聚合物分散体
a)按重量计60至97%的乙酸乙烯酯,
b)按重量计2至30%的乙烯,
c)按重量计0.5至5%的至少一种烯属不饱和硅烷单体,
d)按重量计0.5至5%的至少一种烯属不饱和羧酸,
在每种情况下基于用于聚合的单体的总重量,并且在每种情况下按重量计%的数据总和为按重量计100%。
在每种情况下基于单体的总重量,通常以按重量计60%至97%、优选地按重量计75%至90%的量共聚乙酸乙烯酯单体a)。
在每种情况下基于单体的总重量,通常以按重量计2%至30%、优选地按重量计5%至20%的量共聚乙烯单体b)。
烯属不饱和硅烷单体c)的实例是通式R1SiR0-2(OR2)1-3的单体,其中R具有定义C1至C3烷基基团、C1至C3烷氧基基团或卤素(例如,Cl或Br),R1具有定义CH2=CR3-(CH2)0-1或CH2=CR3CO2(CH2)1-3,R2是具有1至12个C原子的非支链的或支链的、可选地取代的烷基基团或酰基基团,其可以可选地被醚基团间隔,并且R3代表H或CH3。给予优选的是,具有C1至C12烷氧基基团和可选地C1至C3烷基基团的3-丙烯酰基-和3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷、乙烯基烷基二烷氧基硅烷、和乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷,其中可以使用的C1至C12烷氧基基团的实例是甲氧基、乙氧基、甲氧基乙烯、乙氧基乙烯、甲氧基丙二醇醚和/或乙氧基丙二醇醚基团、以及α-硅烷。特别优选的是乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、乙烯基甲基二氯硅烷、乙烯基甲基二氯硅烷、乙烯基-三(2-甲氧基乙氧基硅烷)、三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷。最优选的烯属不饱和硅烷单体是乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
在每种情况下基于单体的总重量,烯属不饱和硅烷共聚单体的分数是按重量计0.5%至5%、更优选地按重量计0.5%至2%。
烯属不饱和羧酸共聚单体d)的实例是烯属不饱和单羧酸和二羧酸或者它们的盐或酸酐,优选地丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸、和马来酸酐。在每种情况下基于单体的总重量,烯属不饱和羧酸共聚单体的分数是按重量计0.5%至5%、更优选地按重量计0.5%至2%。
为了调节特定的聚合物性能,可以共聚另外的辅助共聚单体e)。实例是烯属不饱和磺酸和/或其盐,优选地乙烯基磺酸和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸和其盐。
在进一步优选的实施方式中,不共聚多烯属不饱和共聚单体如马来酸二烯丙酯或氰脲酸三烯丙酯。在进一步优选的实施方式中,不共聚烯属不饱和羧酸的N-烷醇酰胺或N-烷氧基烷基酰胺。
进行单体的选择和共聚单体的重量分数的选择,使得优选的结果是-10℃至+20℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg。可以以已知的方式,借助于差示扫描量热法(DSC)用10K每分钟的加热速率根据ASTM D3418-82测定聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg,作为中点温度。还可以使用Fox公式预先近似计算Tg。根据Fox T.G.,Bull.Am.Physics Soc.1,3第123页1956),如下:1/Tg=x1/Tg1+x2/Tg2+...+xn/Tgn,其中,xn代表单体n的质量分数(%按重量计/100),并且Tgn是单体n的均聚物的以开尔文计的玻璃化转变温度。在Polymer Handbook,第2版,J.Wiley&Sons,New York(1975)中列出了均聚物的Tg值。
通过水性、自由基引发的乳液聚合,使用常规的乳液聚合程序,生产乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物分散体。这种程序已经描述过多次并且对于技术人员是已知的,例如在Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering,第8卷(1987),John Wiley&Sons,第659至677页中,或者例如在EP 1916275A1中。通常,在50℃至120℃温度下在10至90巴绝对压力的压力下在压力反应器中发生聚合。
通常使用常用于乳液聚合的氧化还原引发剂组合物引发聚合。合适的氧化引发剂的实例是过二硫酸(peroxodisulfuric acid)的钠、钾、和铵盐,过氧化氢,叔丁基过氧化氢(t-butyl hydroperoxide),过氧化氢枯烯(cumene hydroperoxide),单过氧化氢异丙苯(isopropylbenzene monohydroperoxide)。给予优选的是过二硫酸的钠、钾和铵盐以及过氧化氢。基于单体的总重量,通常以按重量计0.01%至2.0%的量使用所述的引发剂。
所述的氧化剂,更具体地过二硫酸的盐,也可以独立地用作热引发剂。
合适的还原剂是碱金属和铵的亚硫酸盐和亚硫酸氢盐,如例如亚硫酸钠、次硫酸的衍生物如次硫酸锌,或者甲醛合次硫酸碱金属盐(alkali metal formaldehydesulfoxylate),如例如甲醛次硫酸钠(Bruggolit)、和(异)抗坏血酸。优选的是使用甲醛次硫酸钠和亚硫酸钠。基于单体的总重量,还原剂的量优选地是按重量计0.015%至3%。
为了控制分子量,可以在聚合过程中使用调节物质。如果使用调节剂,基于待聚合的单体的总重量,通常以按重量计0.01%至5.0%之间的量采用它们,并且单独或另外作为与反应组分的预混料计量。这种物质的实例是正十二烷基硫醇、叔十二烷基硫醇、巯基丙酸、巯基丙酸甲酯、异丙醇、和乙醛。优选的是不使用任何的调节物质。
用于制备聚合物分散体的乳液聚合是在一种或多种聚合物乳化剂的存在下进行的。聚合物乳化剂是指,该乳化剂具有带有至少3个氧化烯单元的聚氧化烯基团。使用的乳化剂优选地是具有至少一种非离子聚合物乳化剂的组合和具有至少一种阴离子聚合物乳化剂的组合,其中,非离子聚合物乳化剂和阴离子聚合物乳化剂两者均具有带有至少3个氧化烯单元的聚氧化烯单元,并且其中,该氧化烯单元是氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯单元。
合适的具有带有至少3个氧化烯单元的聚氧化烯单元的非离子聚合物乳化剂是,例如具有3至50个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度以及C4-至C12-烷基基团的乙氧基化的单-、二-、和三-烷基酚;以及具有3至80个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度以及C8-至C36-烷基基团的乙氧基化脂肪醇。合适的非离子乳化剂也是具有3至30个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度的C13-至C15-氧基处理的醇乙氧基化物,具有11至80个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度的C16-至C18-脂肪醇乙氧基化物,具有3至11个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度的C10-氧基处理的醇乙氧基化物,具有3至20个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度的C13-氧基处理的醇乙氧基化物,具有20个氧化乙烯基团的聚氧化乙烯山梨醇酐单油酸酯。另外的实例是具有最小含量为按重量计至少10%的氧化乙烯的氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的共聚物,具有4至20个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度的油醇的聚氧化乙烯醚,以及具有4至20个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度的壬基苯酚的聚氧化乙烯醚。
特别优选的是具有3至20个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度的C12-至C14-脂肪醇乙氧基化物,以及具有按重量计至少10%的氧化乙烯的最小含量的氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的共聚物。
合适的具有带有至少3个氧化烯单元的聚氧化烯单元的阴离子聚合物乳化剂的实例是与具有10至12个C原子的一元脂族醇的聚乙二醇醚的磺基琥珀酸4-酯的钠、钾、和铵盐,更具体是它们的二钠盐,以及与聚乙二醇壬基苯基醚的磺基琥珀酸4-酯的钠、钾、和铵盐,更具体是其二钠盐。另外的实例是被4至20个氧化乙烯单元乙氧基化的磷酸的C1-至C15-酯。
在每种情况下基于单体的总重量,乳化剂的量是按重量计3%至12.5%、优选地按重量计3%至7%。
优选地,不将保护胶体用作表面活性化合物。
可以在使用或不使用种子胶乳(seed latex)的情况下,用初始引入反应混合物的所有组分或单独组分,或用初始引入一部分且随后计量入反应混合物的组分或单独组分,或通过不用初始混合的计量方法,间断地或连续地进行聚合。优选地以特定组分的消耗速率进行所有计量。
例如,可以初始添加至少部分的表面活性剂以及至少部分的共聚单体a)、b)、c)、d)。加热反应混合物,并且通过计量入引发剂组分引发聚合。可以在聚合期间添加剩余部分的共聚单体。
在聚合结束之后,可以根据已知的方法,通常通过后聚合引发剂使用氧化还原催化剂,进行后聚合以去除剩余单体。还可以借助蒸馏,优选地在减压下去除挥发性的剩余单体,并且如果合适的话,使惰性输送气体如空气、氮气、或蒸汽通过反应混合物或从反应混合物上通过。
可以以这种方法获得的水性共聚物分散体具有按重量计30至75%,优选地按重量计50至60%的固体含量。
共聚物分散体的颗粒具有窄的粒径分布,具有小于1μm的平均粒径,通常在0.1至0.3μm的范围内。该粒径允许良好的纸张涂层流变性并且提供用于颜料至颜料的高表面积以及颜料至纸张的粘合强度。
本文中公开的具有粘合剂的纸张涂层的制备可以根据在本领域通常已知的配制原理。通常将在纸张涂层中的配制品组分的比例表示为相对于100份的颜料。合适的颜料包括聚合物颜料、铝硅酸盐(例如,粘土或高岭土)、碳酸钙、二氧化钛、滑石、硫酸钡、氧化锌、三水合铝、无定形二氧化硅和硅酸盐。优选高岭土和/或碳酸钙。聚合物粘合剂构成组合物中固体的按重量计1至50%,更通常地按重量计3至22%。颜料构成组合物中固体的按重量计50至99%,更通常地按重量计78至97%。
配制品的其他组分可以包括分散剂如聚丙烯酸钠、润滑剂如脂肪酸盐(例如,硬脂酸盐)、光学增白剂如二氨基芪二磺酸衍生物、粘合助剂(共粘剂,cobinder)、消泡剂、防腐剂和水。
为了制备纸张涂层组合物,将颜料作为水性颜料浆料添加,并且与粘合剂分散剂、其他添加剂和水混合。
可以用任何常规涂覆装置如刮板式涂布机、辊式涂布机、气刀涂布机、棒式涂布机和刮刀,完成将纸张涂层组合物至基板的施加。可以涂覆任何支撑材料,并且典型的合适的支撑材料包括纸张和纸板。
本发明的纸张涂层组合物通常用于整个覆盖纸页或纸幅的至少一侧,并且可以整个覆盖两侧,尽管覆盖整个表面不是必需的。组合物可以进一步包含不同于以上所描述的乙酸乙烯酯乙烯共聚物的聚合物分散体,例如,乙烯基丙烯酸类共聚物、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物、丙烯酸类聚合物、乙酸乙烯酯均聚物等。
具体实施方式
实施例:
比较例1:
在压力反应器中,将35g的磺基琥珀酸酯烷基二醇表面活性剂(HannongChemicals的HY-290PG)、2g的乙酸钠以及2g的乙酸溶解在3660g的水中,并且将该溶液的pH调节至pH=4-5。将溶解于3g水中的0.2g硫酸亚铁铵添加至该溶液。用氮气吹扫反应器,并且将1115g的乙酸乙烯酯和1048g的乙烯添加至反应器中。
在单独的步骤中,将870g的水、118g的非离子聚氧化乙烯聚氧化丙烯表面活性剂(HannongChemicals的Koremul-LPE-740-1)、78g的磷酸酯表面活性剂(Koremul-TP-170)、20g的氢氧化钠溶液(水中50%)、77g的2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸的钠盐混合,并且将pH调节至pH=3.7-4.3(溶液1)。
在单独的步骤中,将17g的过硫酸钠以及2g的碳酸钠溶解于282g的水中(Ox-溶液)。
在单独的步骤中,将11.3g的异抗坏血酸钠溶解于332g的水中(Red-溶液)。
在初始填料之后,在搅拌下使反应器至55℃。在达到该温度之后,为了引发聚合,开始同时进料Ox-溶液和Red-溶液,并且以80g/h的速度持续2小时。在开始引发剂进料的两分钟之后,以62g/min的速度开始连续进料乙酸乙烯酯单体90min。与乙酸乙烯酯进料同时,以12g/min的速率开始官能单体进料(溶液1)的连续进料90min。
在聚合停止之后,用在72g水中的14g叔丁基过氧化氢的溶液以及用在92g水中的8g异抗坏血酸钠进行后聚合。
在表1中列出了获得的产物的特性。
比较例2:
除了与溶液1一起添加另外的33g的丙烯酸之外,遵循比较例1的方法。
在表1中列出了获得的产物的特性。
比较例3:
除了与溶液1一起添加另外的66g的丙烯酸之外,遵循比较例1的方法。
在表1中列出了获得的产物的特性。
比较例4:
除了与溶液1一起添加另外的99g的丙烯酸之外,遵循比较例1的方法。
在表1中列出了获得的产物的特性。
实施例5:
除了与溶液1一起添加另外的22g的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷之外,遵循比较例3的方法。
在表1中列出了获得的产物的特性。
实施例6:
除了与溶液1一起添加另外的44g的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷之外,遵循比较例3的方法。
在表1中列出了获得的产物的特性。
实施例7:
除了与溶液1一起添加另外的66g的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷之外,遵循比较例3的方法。
在表1中列出了获得的产物的特性。
[表1]
涂覆的印刷纸的制备:
在以下纸张涂层组合物中,测试在实施例中和在比较例中所获得的分散体。
90重量份的CaCO3(OMYA的Hydrocarb 90)
10重量份的粘土(KaMin LLC的Hydragloss 91)
10重量份的聚合物分散体(50%固体)
添加水以调节约64至65%的固体含量。
使用压延机以13至15g/m2的涂层重量,将获得的纸张涂层组合物涂覆在白色纸板表面上,并且在烘箱中在140℃下干燥20秒。
测试:
光泽度:
用RI印刷装置的施胶辊,将具有10的粘性值的1.2g蓝色油墨施加于涂覆的纸张。干燥之后,在室温(约23℃)以及在40%至60%的湿度下持续一天。用BYK Gardner的光泽计Micro-Tri-Gloss以60°的角度,测定涂覆的印刷纸的表面的光泽度。
在表2中列出了结果。
干粘强度和湿粘强度:
为了测试干粘强度,用RI印刷装置的施胶辊将具有14的粘性值的1.3g的红色油墨施加至涂覆的印刷纸。
为了测试湿粘强度,用RI印刷装置的施胶辊将具有14的粘性值的0.5g的红色油墨施加至涂覆的印刷纸,在用湿棉辊印刷之前使其湿润。
在印刷之后测定作为干粘强度和作为湿粘强度的粘结强度。表2中列出的结果是通过肉眼在粘结的表面上质量评估的。5.0是最佳等级。等级越低,则越差。
[表2]
结果清楚地表明用本发明改善了共聚物分散体涂层质量。特别是,显著改善了湿粘强度。
Claims (10)
1.用于纸张涂层组合物的聚合物分散体,在一种或多种聚合物乳化剂存在下,通过以下各项的自由基引发的水性乳液聚合可获得
a)按重量计60至97%的乙酸乙烯酯,
b)按重量计2至30%的乙烯,
c)按重量计0.5至5%的至少一种烯属不饱和硅烷单体,
d)按重量计0.5至5%的至少一种烯属不饱和羧酸,
在每种情况下基于用于聚合的单体的总重量,并且在每种情况下按重量计%的数据总和为按重量计100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于纸张涂层的聚合物分散体,其中,所述烯属不饱和硅烷单体c)是通式R1SiR0-2(OR2)1-3的单体,其中R具有定义C1至C3烷基基团、C1至C3烷氧基基团或卤素,R1具有定义CH2=CR3-(CH2)0-1或CH2=CR3CO2(CH2)1-3,R2是可以可选地被醚基间隔的具有1至12个C原子的非支链或支链的可选取代的烷基基团或酰基基团,并且R3代表H或CH3。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于纸张涂层的聚合物分散体,其中,烯属不饱和羧酸共聚单体d)是烯属不饱和单羧酸和二羧酸或者它们的盐或酸酐。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于纸张涂层的聚合物分散体,其中,所述乳化剂是具有至少一种非离子聚合物乳化剂的组合和具有至少一种阴离子聚合物乳化剂的组合,其中,所述非离子聚合物乳化剂和所述阴离子聚合物乳化剂均具有带有至少3个氧化烯单元的聚氧化烯单元,并且其中所述氧化烯单元是氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯单元。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于纸张涂层的聚合物分散体,其中,所述非离子聚合物乳化剂选自具有3至20个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化程度的C12-至C14-脂肪醇乙氧基化物,以及具有最小含量为按重量计至少10%的氧化乙烯的氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的共聚物的组。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于纸张涂层的聚合物分散体,其中,阴离子乳化剂选自用4至20个氧化乙烯单元乙氧基化的磷酸的C1-至C15-酯。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于纸张涂层的聚合物分散体,其中,不将保护胶体用作表面活性化合物。
8.用于借助自由基引发的水性乳液聚合制备根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于纸张涂层的聚合物分散体的方法。
9.一种纸张涂层组合物,包含根据前述权利要求1至7中任一项所述的聚合物分散体。
10.一种纸张涂层组合物,包含按组合物中的固体重量计50至99%的一种或多种颜料,以及按组合物中的固体重量计1至50%的根据前述权利要求1至7中任一项所述的聚合物分散体形式的聚合物粘合剂。
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