CN106159940B - The optimal points distributing methods of PMU based on network load specificity analysis - Google Patents
The optimal points distributing methods of PMU based on network load specificity analysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN106159940B CN106159940B CN201610515978.0A CN201610515978A CN106159940B CN 106159940 B CN106159940 B CN 106159940B CN 201610515978 A CN201610515978 A CN 201610515978A CN 106159940 B CN106159940 B CN 106159940B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to power system modelings and emulation field more particularly to a kind of optimal points distributing methods of PMU based on network load specificity analysis.It is characterized in that, carrying out load composition and specificity analysis to each Load Substation of regional power grid first, the CURE algorithms in application level clustering methodology cluster substation.Is chosen by substation progress PMU that is representative and can extracting more multiple faults and noisy data and is layouted based on the probability statistical analysis for carrying out fault data on the basis of protection information system for each grouping of substation after cluster.The method of the present invention can be reduced PMU installation numbers to the greatest extent, promote economy and be suitable for production practices on the basis of the load for fully taking into account each substation is formed with part throttle characteristics.
Description
Technical field
It is the invention belongs to power system modeling and emulation field, more particularly to a kind of based on network load specificity analysis
The optimal points distributing methods of PMU.
Background technology
Electric system simulation is Power System Planning, operation and the basis of research, and accurate model parameter ties emulation
The confidence level of fruit has great influence.For generator, transformer and transmission line of electricity, the model parameter phase of electric load
To coarse, the precision of emulation is seriously constrained.For the simulation analysis of electric system, load refers under 220kV substations
All electrical equipments, including low voltage power distribution network, reactive power compensator etc., composition is sufficiently complex.Establish big regional power grid
Load model is extremely difficult.
Power system load modeling method is divided into Component Based and Measurement-based approach.Component Based load by inquiry
The load of substation forms, and electrical equipment is constituted and electrical equipment average characteristics obtain load model, and this method physics is general
It is clear to read, but statistical data is huge, can not solve the problems, such as electrical equipment simultaneity factor, and is difficult often to carry out.Another method,
Measurement-based approach obtains the lower dynamic load characteristic data of disturbance, by distinguishing by installing part throttle characteristics measuring device in substation
Know and obtain load model parameters, this method is simple and practical, widely used in network load modeling.
Synchronous phasor measurement unit (Phasor Measurement Unit, PMU) is to rise nineteen nineties
Measuring device achievees the purpose that synchro measure by receiving GPS signal, has been widely used in the power system.
Currently, the substation of the 500kV main grid structures of the major regional power grid in China is assembled with PMU devices substantially, for detecting power grid electricity
Tolerance provides basis for stability analysis and control etc..There are also installed PMU devices for part 220kV substations, practice have shown that can profit
Measurement-based load modeling is carried out with PMU.The reason of considering economy, it is impossible to all 220kV substations installation PMU come into
Row load modeling, thus need to study the optimal points distributing methods of PMU for big regional power grid measurement-based load modeling.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical solution that the present invention takes is as follows：
The optimal points distributing methods of PMU based on network load specificity analysis, which is characterized in that the detailed process of the method is
Step 1 carries out investigation statistics to the part throttle characteristics of each Load Substation of regional power grid, and it is special to analyze each substation's load
Property composition, using substation's load structure percentage as feature vector；
Step 2, according to the CURE algorithms in Hierarchical Cluster to the load of substation composition situation to substation into
Row cluster；
Step 3 obtains each power transformation to each grouping of substation after cluster based on the logging data for protecting letter system
The fault data stood carries out failure probability analysis；
Step 4 sorts by size the probability of malfunction of each group, and failure rate is more than that 30%, voltage change ratio belongs to when being more than 3%
More effective load measurement data can be obtained in disturbing larger substation, more multiple faults and disturbance number can be extracted by choosing such
According to substation carry out PMU layout.
According to the CURE algorithms of hierarchical clustering method in the step 2, with Y ∈ Yn×mIt is original to describe substation's part throttle characteristics
Data matrix Y=[y1,…,yi,…,yn]T
Wherein:yi=[yi1,…,yij,…,yim], yiFor i-th of substation, i=1 ..., n, n is the number of substation,
yijIndicate that the composition j=1 ..., m, m of the jth type load of i-th of substation are the number of Overload Class；Initially, cluster
As soon as each is a class to data, n part throttle characteristics data are n class, and data n to be clustered is a, it is contemplated that cluster numbers be set as
k；
The distance between step 201, calculating each two class indicate the central point of class U for any one class U, u.mean,
U.rep indicates the representative point of class U；Belong to the data item p and data item q, dist (p, q) table of class U and class V for any two
Show the distance between p and q, the computational methods of distance are using Euclidean distance, manhatton distance or Lagrangian distance；It calculates
The distance between two clusters U, V dist (U, V)=min dist (p, q)；
Two minimum classes of distance are successively merged, a new classes of n ' are formed；
The central point of step 202, new class WWherein u, v indicate step
The number of contained data item in two classes U, V merged in rapid 1；V.mean indicates the central point of class V；
The representative point w.rep=p+ α * (w.mean-p) of step 203, new class, wherein α takes 0.5；W.mean indicates new class W
Central point, w.rep indicates the representative point of new class W；
If the number n ' of step 204, new class is more than expected cluster numbers k, return to step 1, until last n '≤k.
One kind is classified by hierarchical clustering method according to Load Characteristic Analysis, using substation's load structure percentage as
Feature vector.The realization process of CURE clustering procedures is divided into following steps:
(1) a random sample S is extracted from source data object.
(2) sample S is divided into one group of division.
(3) to each cluster for dividing part.
(4) isolated point is rejected by grab sample.As soon as if class growth is too slow, remove it.
(5) class of part is clustered.The representative point in each newly formed class is fallen according to user-defined one
Contraction factor shrinks or is moved to class center.These points represent and capture the shape of class.
(6) with corresponding class label come flag data.
Advantageous effect
The optimal points distributing methods of PMU that modeling and Load Characteristic Analysis are surveyed based on network load of the present invention can be abundant
In view of the load composition of each substation is on the basis of part throttle characteristics, PMU installation numbers are reduced to the greatest extent, promote warp
Ji property and be suitable for production practices.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the optimal points distributing methods of PMU based on network load specificity analysis.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it elaborates to the present invention.Fig. 1 is the optimal cloth of PMU based on network load specificity analysis
The flow chart of point methods.
By taking the load characteristics investigation statistical result that 101 220KV substations of somewhere power grid stand as an example, attached drawing pair is compareed
The present invention is further described.
(1) load composition and specificity analysis are carried out to each Load Substation of regional power grid, is clustered according to analysis result；
According to the CURE algorithms of hierarchical clustering method, Y ∈ Y are used heren×mTo describe substation's part throttle characteristics initial data square
Battle array:
Y=[y1,…,yi,…,yn]T
Wherein, yi=[yi1,…,yij,…,yim], yiFor i-th of substation, i=1 ..., n；N=111；yilIndicate i-th
The composition of i-th type load of a substation, l=1 ..., m；M=5；Respectively represent industry, agricultural, business, resident, other
Deng 5 type load ingredients.Initially, as soon as the data of cluster each be a class, therefore 101 part throttle characteristics data are 101
Class.Data 101 wherein to be clustered, and expected cluster numbers are set as 4 i.e. k=4.The first step calculate each two cluster between away from
From, dist (p, q) therein is calculated with Euclidean distance, it will successively merging apart from minimum.The central point of new class presses formula (1) institute
The formula shown calculates, and wherein u indicates the number of contained data item in cluster u.
The representative point calculating method of new class is shown in that formula (2), wherein α take 0.5, represents point and is indicated with rep.
W.rep=p+ α * (w.mean-p) (2)
After iterative calculation, when the number of class is more than the number of expected class, the between class distance for continuing to calculate each class is needed
And merge, until 111 class iteration are finally merged into 4 classes.It is calculated by many experiments, cluster result is as shown in table 1.
The cluster result of 1 CURE clustering algorithms of table
(2) probability statistical analysis is carried out to each substation of regional power grid
Protection information management and trouble analysis system can obtain online power system operating mode information and relay protected operation
Point information neatly considers and formulates the various rules of definite value assessment and on-line tuning comprehensively, realizes protection performance of relay setting
Online evaluation and on-line tuning, there is abundant standardization result output function, help relay protection personnel, dispatching of power netwoks people
Member, method of operation personnel grasp the operating status of relay protection in time, improve the reliability and system operation of relay protected operation
Safety.By the development of more than ten years, the utilization rate for protecting letter system in 220kV and the above substation in China reaches
90%, interior communication stipulations and protection communication protocol are increasingly unified and standard, are a set of systems having tended to be perfect, are with it
The application study that platform is carried out has stability and practicability, also avoids repeated construction.Power grid can be acquired by protecting letter system
Secondary device action message when failure, but the self-test that can collect the secondary devices such as protective relaying device, fault oscillograph is accused
Alert information.Protect letter system is to the basic application of substation relay protection device implementation repair based on condition of component：Collect data, analysis instead
It reflects, wherein it is the basis that entire repair based on condition of component work is implemented to collect data with data reflection is inquired.
By the clustering of step (1), substation is divided into 4 classes, based on the logging data for protecting letter system, is obtained each
The fault data and probability of malfunction of substation.Analysis is ranked up to the failure rate of each group, failure rate is more than 30%, voltage change
Rate, which is more than 3% substation, can obtain more effective load measurement data.
(3) carry out that PMU is optimal to layout according to Load Characteristic Analysis and substation fault probability analysis result；
In view of the economy problems that PMU layouts, PMU needs of layouting select most representative substation's installation, to reach
To highest efficiency.It can be obtained per the substation that in one kind substation, selection failure rate is higher and disturbance is larger more effective
Load measurement data, in terms of being applied to the engineering practices such as load modeling.It selects in 4 class substations, the higher substation of failure rate,
The four highest substations of class substation fault rate are respectively y9, y55, y30 and y26, carry out PMU cloth according to the needs of actual conditions
Point.Under the premise of ensureing economy, the prioritization scheme of layouting of this PMU both can guarantee that the part throttle characteristics layouted was representative
Can guarantee again can obtain enough data applications in production practices.
Claims (2)
1. the optimal points distributing methods of PMU based on network load specificity analysis, which is characterized in that the detailed process of the method is
Step 1 carries out investigation statistics to the part throttle characteristics of each substation of regional power grid, analyzes each substation's part throttle characteristics composition ratio
Example, using substation's load structure percentage as feature vector；
Step 2 clusters the load composition situation of substation according to the CURE algorithms in Hierarchical Cluster；
Step 3 obtains each change for each grouping of substation after cluster based on the logging data of protection information system
The fault data in power station carries out failure probability analysis；
Step 4 sorts by size the probability of malfunction of each group, and failure rate is more than to belong to disturb when 30%, voltage change ratio is more than 3%
Dynamic larger substation chooses the substation that such can extract more multiple faults and noisy data and carries out PMU and layouts.
2. the optimal points distributing methods of the PMU according to claim 1 based on network load specificity analysis, which is characterized in that institute
It states according to the CURE algorithms in Hierarchical Cluster in step 2, with Y ∈ Yn×mTo describe substation's part throttle characteristics initial data
Matrix Y=[y1,…,yi,…,yn]T
Wherein：yi=[yi1,…,yij,…,yim], yiFor i-th of substation, i=1 ..., n, n are the number of substation, yijTable
Show the composition of the jth type load of i-th of substation, j=1 ..., the number that m, m are Overload Class；Initially, the number of cluster
As soon as being a class according to each, n part throttle characteristics data are n class, and data n to be clustered is a, it is contemplated that cluster numbers be set as k；
The distance between step 201, calculating each two class indicate the central point of class U for any one class U, u.mean,
U.rep indicates the representative point of class U；Belong to the data item p and data item q, dist (p, q) table of class U and class V for any two
Show the distance between p and q, the computational methods of distance are using Euclidean distance, manhatton distance or Lagrangian distance；It calculates
The distance between two clusters U, V dist (U, V)=min dist (p, q)；
Two minimum classes of distance are successively merged, a new classes of n ' are formed；
The central point of step 202, new class WWherein u, v indicate step 201
The number of contained data item in two classes U, V of middle merging；V.mean indicates the central point of class V；
The representative point w.rep=p+ α * (w.mean-p) of step 203, new class W, wherein setting value α take 0.5；
If the number n ' of step 204, new class is more than expected cluster numbers k, return to step 201, until last n '≤k.
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| CN110165657A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-08-23 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司 | Consider substation's load characteristics clustering analysis method of user's industry attribute |
| WO2020232716A1 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | 西门子股份公司 | Method and device for assessing state of health of transformer, and storage medium |
| CN110676940B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-02-02 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Power distribution network PMU configuration method and system for improving parameter identification precision |
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