CN106148847B - 一种hm1粉末钢及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009497 press forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010080 roll forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
本发明具体涉及一种HM1粉末钢及其制备工艺，属于钢铁材料制造领域，金属粉末质量分数：0.32－0.42%C，0.60－0.90%Si，1.20－1.80%Mn，2.80－3.30%Cr，2.50－3.00%Mo，0.80－1.20%V，1.20－2.80%W，P≤0.030%，S≤0.030%，其显微组织为马氏体+碳化物，经1000‑1150℃热等静压，经锻造后再次加热至700‑800℃保温4‑6小时，缓冷至650‑750℃，保温6‑10小时，缓冷至室温，然后再次加热至1000‑1150℃淬火，500‑650℃回火，调质处理两次，即可获得本发明所述的粉末钢。该粉末钢显微组织均匀细致，使用寿命显著延长，经济性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钢铁材料制造领域，具体涉及一种HM1粉末钢及其制备工艺。
背景技术
HM1模具钢具有良好的抗热疲惫性能、抗回火稳定性能和良好的冶炼、锻造、热处理及机械加工工艺性能，是高强韧性热作模具新钢种。适用于高温、高负荷、急热急冷条件下的压力机锻模、轴承热锻凹模、成型滚锻模、高强度和高热强钢的精密锻造、铝和铜合金压铸模、热挤压摸具等，在高温性能方面明显优于H13钢。从模具经济性方面考虑，使用粉末冶金（PM）模具钢大大降低了单件成本。尽管模具初始成本较高，但是延长模具寿命，减少停工时间，同样让使用者获益。从冶金学观点来看，根据特殊方法冶炼推出的粉末冶金模具钢比常规工具钢的寿命长。粉末冶金模具钢碳化物细小且分布均匀，形成的碳化物越硬，尺寸越小，分布越均匀，就越能提高模具寿命。粉末钢制备过程中，金属粉末的成分和性能对于粉末钢的性能影响最为显著。
发明内容
本发明钢含有的C、Si、Mn、Cr、Mo、W、V、P、S元素，其显微组织为马氏体+碳化物。
本发明提供一种HM1粉末钢的制备工艺及其金属粉末，粉末粒度50-100μm，其各元素的质量分数为：0.32－0.42%C，0.60－0.90%Si，1.20－1.80%Mn，2.80－3.30%Cr，2.50－3.00%Mo，0.80－1.20%V，1.20－2.80%W，P≤0.030%，S≤0.030%，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
其中，W优选2.4-2.8%。
W熔点高，比重大，W与碳形成碳化钨有很高的硬度和耐磨性，可显著提高红硬性和热强性，W在钢中除形成碳化物外，部分地溶入铁中形成固溶体。其作用与钼相似，按质量分数计算，一般效果不如钼显著。W在钢中的主要用途是增加回火稳定性、红硬性、热强性以及由于形成碳化物而增加的耐磨性。W形成难熔碳化物，在较高温度回火时，能延缓碳化物的聚集过程，保持较高的高温强度。W还可以降低钢的过热敏感性、增加淬透性。所以，优选W含量，对获得优良的高温性能具有重要意义。
本发明提供一种HM1粉末钢的制备方法为：热等静压温度1000-1150℃，压力100-160MPa，保温2小时，以0.01－0.15℃/s的速率冷却到700-800℃，保温1-4小时，缓冷至室温。
其中：热等静压温度优选1040℃，缓冷冷却速度优选0.01℃/s。
相比传统熔铸，热等静压工艺会获得更为均匀细致的显微组织。热等静压温度与压力的配合对样品的显微组织有着至关重要的作用，为获得性能优异的产品，微观组织需要最大程度的均匀致密，组织缺陷降到最低。若温度偏低，压力偏小，使合金粉末弥合度降低，会导致大量的组织缺陷，从而严重影响机械性能；若温度偏高，压力偏大，则会导致显微组织过分长大，粗化的微观组织力学性能较差，不能够达到性能的要求。
加热至1180℃，保温1小时，1125℃开始锻造，终锻温度900℃以上。
加热至700-800℃，保温2-6小时，缓冷至650-750℃，保温4-10小时，缓冷至室温。其中：第一次退火保温时间优选6小时，第二次退火保温时间优选10小时。
加热至1000-1150℃，保温1小时，油介质淬火，回火加热500-650℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温，二次回火加热500-650℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温。其中：回火及二次回火温度优选620℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
1.显微组织均匀细致，克服了现有技术中各种组织缺陷的形成，例如现有技术中没有尺寸如此细小的析出相。当具备上述条件时，钢的综合性能优异。
2. 使用寿命显著延长，维护费用低，性能优异，经济性强。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述，但不局限于下列实施例。实施例中粉末钢的化学成分如表1所示，粉末钢的制备工艺如表2所示，粉末钢及对比钢的抗拉强度性能如表3所示，粉末钢及对比钢的冲击韧性性能如表4所示。
表1 本发明钢实施例与对比钢的化学成分，wt%
表2 本发明钢实施例与对比钢的制备工艺
表3 本发明钢实施例与对比钢的抗拉强度对比
表4 本发明钢实施例与对比钢的冲击功对比
实施例1
热等静压温度1020℃，压力120MPa，保温3小时，以0.02℃/s的速率冷却到760℃，保温4小时，缓冷至室温。
加热至1150℃，保温1小时，1100℃开始锻造，终锻温度920℃。
加热至780℃，保温4小时，缓冷至740℃，保温6小时，缓冷至室温。
加热至1050℃，保温1小时，油介质淬火，回火加热620℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温，二次回火加热620℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温。
目标产物中各元素的质量分数如表1中实施例1所示。按表2发明钢1所示工艺制备本发明钢。发明钢1的抗拉强度性能如表3所示，发明钢1的冲击韧性性能如表4所示。
实施例2
热等静压温度1020℃，压力120MPa，保温3小时，以0.02℃/s的速率冷却到760℃，保温4小时，缓冷至室温。
加热至1150℃，保温1小时，1100℃开始锻造，终锻温度920℃。
加热至780℃，保温4小时，缓冷至740℃，保温6小时，缓冷至室温。
加热至1050℃，保温1小时，油介质淬火，回火加热620℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温，二次回火加热620℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温。
目标产物中各元素的质量分数如表1中实施例2所示。按表2发明钢2所示工艺制备本发明钢。发明钢2的抗拉强度性能如表3所示，发明钢2的冲击韧性性能如表4所示。
对比钢3
对钢钢采取传统熔铸工艺获得。
对比钢中各元素的质量分数如表1所示。按表2所示工艺制备对比钢。对比钢的抗拉强度性能如表3所示，对比钢的冲击韧性性能如表4所示。
Claims (7)
1.一种HM1粉末钢，其特征在于各元素的质量分数为：0.32－0.42%C，0.60－0.90%Si，1.20－1.80%Mn，2.80－3.30%Cr，2.50－3.00%Mo，0.80－1.20%V，2.49－2.80%W，P≤0.030%，S≤0.030%，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质；
其中，所述HM1粉末钢由以下方法制备：
加热至1180℃，保温1小时，1125℃开始锻造，终锻温度900℃以上；
加热至700-800℃，保温2-6小时，缓冷至650-750℃，保温4-10小时，缓冷至室温；
加热至1000-1150℃，保温1小时，油介质淬火，回火加热500-650℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温，二次回火加热500-650℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的HM1粉末钢，其特征在于：粉末粒度50-100μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的HM1粉末钢，其特征在于：该钢由马氏体加碳化物组成。
4.如权利要求1－3所述的HM1粉末钢的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法为：
加热至1180℃，保温1小时，1125℃开始锻造，终锻温度900℃以上；
加热至700-800℃，保温2-6小时，缓冷至650-750℃，保温4-10小时，缓冷至室温；
加热至1000-1150℃，保温1小时，油介质淬火，回火加热500-650℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温，二次回火加热500-650℃，保温2小时，空冷至室温。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于：其中：热等静压温度为1040℃，缓冷冷却速度为0.01℃/s。
6.如权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于：第一次退火保温时间为6小时，第二次退火保温时间为10小时。
7.如权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于回火及二次回火温度为620℃。
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