CN106146023A - 以镍渣为原料的泡沫陶瓷墙材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

以镍渣为原料的泡沫陶瓷墙材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106146023A
CN106146023A CN201610521770.XA CN201610521770A CN106146023A CN 106146023 A CN106146023 A CN 106146023A CN 201610521770 A CN201610521770 A CN 201610521770A CN 106146023 A CN106146023 A CN 106146023A
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foamed ceramics
nickel
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郭伟
蒋金海
刘甜甜
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Yancheng Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种以镍渣为原料的泡沫陶瓷墙材,其主要由以下重量份比例的原料所制成:24~56份镍渣、44~76份富铝废料,外加2~11份生物质材料、2~8份发泡剂;通过混合、球磨、成型,在1050℃~1280℃烧成制得,实现了在低温下制备泡沫陶瓷墙材。本发明制成的泡沫陶瓷墙材生产成本低、变废为宝,并且气孔之间不连贯,不吸水,且有闭气孔率高、吸水率低、抗压强度较高等特性,是一种性能优良的保温隔热墙材。

Description

以镍渣为原料的泡沫陶瓷墙材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于无机保温材料领域。具体涉及一种以镍渣为原料的泡沫陶瓷墙材及其制备方法。
背景技术
镍渣是指在镍金属冶炼过程中排放的一种工业废渣,即在冶炼镍过程中所形成的以FeO-SiO2为主要成分的熔融物经水淬后形成的粒化炉渣,镍渣的化学成分与高炉矿渣类似,但在含量上有较大的差异。我国的镍产量近几年增长迅速且镍渣产量巨大,2014年产生镍渣1000万吨左右。对其综合利用、使之变废为宝是可持续发展的要求。镍渣的利用主要在墙体材料方面,专利“一种镍渣泡沫玻璃及其制备方法”(201510781545.5),“一种镍渣砖及其制备方法”(201310230070.1)等;这些方法均可以回收利用镍渣,应用于建筑领域,降低能耗、减少生产成本实现绿色化生产。
随着我国建筑业的迅速发展,建筑节能产业已成为我国经济转型、结构性调整的重点工作,如何降低建筑能耗,提高节能比例已经成为我国建筑行业迫切解决的问题。闭孔泡沫陶瓷具有良好的保温、绝热、隔音、耐腐蚀、防水等性能,因此作为复合墙体材料,在建筑领域拥有非常广阔的前景。专利CN102718547B公开了一种发泡陶瓷材料,原料为二氧化硅含量在60%以上的尾矿、长石、发泡剂、发泡调节剂、助熔剂。专利CN105272342A公开了一种发泡陶瓷隔热保温板,原料配比:废弃钻井泥料30%~60%、硅质原料10~30%、粘土1%~10%、高温熔剂10%~30%、发泡剂0.05%~10%。专利CN104803706A将80%的铁尾矿与20%的复合稳定发泡剂均匀混合;用辊道窑在1030℃~1150℃下烧成6~8h制备了高强度微晶发泡陶瓷建筑材料。
目前国内有些科研机构和企业已意识到闭孔泡沫陶瓷对于建筑节能的重要意义,对闭孔泡沫陶瓷的产品研发得到越来越多的重视,其中只有发泡工艺是目前制备闭孔泡沫陶瓷的较成熟一种方法。与其他制备工艺相比,较易控制陶瓷制品的形状、孔隙率和容重,并且适合生产闭气孔的陶瓷材料。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中的存在的问题,本发明在原有的制备泡沫陶瓷的基础上,从生产成本考虑选用镍渣、富铝废料为主要原料,提供了一种闭孔率高结构分布均匀的闭孔泡沫陶瓷。
本发明另一目的在于提供一种在较低温度下制备得到所述闭孔率高结构分布均匀的闭孔泡沫陶瓷的方法,且操作简单,易于工艺控制。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种以镍渣为原料的泡沫陶瓷墙材,所述墙材气孔之间不连贯,不吸水,且有闭气孔率高、吸水率低、抗压强度较高等特性,是一种性能优良的保温隔热材料,其主要由以下重量份比例的原料所制成:24~56份镍渣、44~76份富铝废料,外加2~11份生物质材料、2~8份发泡剂;所述镍渣中各成分含量:SiO2为40.38~55.99%,MgO为17.19~28.31%、Fe2O3为4.89~10%、Al2O3为4.86~7.29%、CaO为0.92~4.02%和K、Na小于3%。
所述富铝废料为煤矸石、赤泥、污泥、流化床煤灰、增钙液态渣中的一种。其中煤矸石、赤泥、污泥塑性较好。
所述生物质原料为秸秆、稻壳中的一种。
所述发泡剂为三氧化二铁、碳酸钙、碳粉中的一种或几种混合。
所述泡沫陶瓷墙材的吸水率小于3%,抗压强度为5.40MPa~12.00MPa,闭气孔率为40~90%。
本发明还提供了上述泡沫陶瓷墙材的制备方法,其特征在于,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)镍渣破碎并粉磨0.5~4h,得到镍渣粉体;
(2)按配方称取镍渣24~56份、富铝废料44~76份,外加生物质材料2~11份、发泡剂2~8份混合、球磨得到混合粉料,装袋备用。球磨可以使发泡剂均匀分布在粉料中,这是得到泡径均匀的发泡陶瓷的必备条件。
(3)将步骤(2)制得的粉体加水或工业废液,混匀、成型,得到坯体。当塑性不够时优选加入工业废液,所述的工业废液,为纸浆废液、制糖废液、制革废液、酿酒废液中的一种。所述的成型方法采用挤出成型或模压成型。
(4)将生坯放在匣钵中,置于高温炉中,以一定的升温程序进行处理,即得。
所述步骤(4)中的升温程序为:以3~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至500℃,保温50~60min,再以4~7℃/min的升温速度升至1050℃~1280℃,保温120~180min。
本发明的一个最佳方案是:24份镍渣、76份富铝废料,外加2份生物质材料、8份发泡剂,烧成制度:20℃~500℃,升温96min,500℃保温1h,500℃-1280℃,升温120min,1280℃保温2h,自然冷却到室温。
所述最佳方案中优选的配方是:24份镍渣、76份煤矸石,外加2份稻壳、8份碳酸钙,其中稻壳加碳酸钙发泡效果最佳,能形成孔径分布均匀,闭孔率高的泡沫陶瓷墙材。
有益效果:(1)本发明研制出闭孔发泡陶瓷气孔之间不连贯,不吸水,且有闭气孔率高、吸水率低、抗压强度较高等特性,是一种性能优良的保温隔热材料,应用广泛。
(2)本发明所用原料主要为工业固体废弃物,生产成本低廉,同时能降低对环境的污染,提高对废渣的综合利用。
(3)本发明所用的生物质材料不但可以降低烧成温度而且可以作为一种造孔剂,同时提高了对农作物的综合利用。
(4)本发明所采用的发泡剂是三氧化二铁、碳酸钙、碳粉中的一种或者几种.三氧化二铁和碳粉在低温烧成过程中,氧化铁发生分解和还原反应生成CO2、CO、O2,引起物料发泡,氧化铁发泡过程缓慢,且不具有持续性发泡温度高,大致在1120℃左右,烧成坯体孔结构较规则,气孔独立性好,闭气孔率高,孔径分布均匀。碳酸钙在烧成过程中,碳酸钙分解释放出CO2,从而提高了气孔率;而CO2气体的逸出保证了气孔的开口性。随着烧成温度的提高,碳酸钙类除了起发泡剂的作用外,还起熔剂作用,增加了玻璃相量,促进了烧结,致使气孔体积趋于减小,使气孔率下降。碳粉作为发泡剂,碳粉在高温下反应,形成气体,有利于微孔的产生,提高发泡效果,可以控制制品的性能。
具体实施方式:
以下参照具体的实施例来说明本发明。本领域技术人员能够理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,其不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中所用的原料、试剂材料等,如无特殊说明,均为市售购买产品。
实施例1
本实施例所设计原料配比如表1所示。
表1实施例1原料配比
实施例1 镍渣:煤矸石 外加稻壳:碳酸钙
质量比 24:76 2:8
具体实施步骤如下:
球磨混料:将镍渣、煤矸石按质量比24:76称取,外加2份稻壳,8份碳酸钙,球磨2h,加水混匀;
成型:挤出成型,得到坯体;
烧成:20℃~500℃,升温96min,500℃保温1h,500℃-1280℃,升温120min,1280℃保温2h,自然冷却到室温。
性能测试:采用阿基米德定律测得泡沫陶瓷的闭气孔率为90%、吸水率1.3%,采用万能试验机测得其抗压强度为10.43MPa
实施例2
本实施例所设计原料配比如表2所示。
表2实施例2原料配比
实施例2 镍渣:流化床煤灰 外加秸秆:三氧化二铁
质量比 56:44 11:2
具体实施步骤如下:
球磨混料:将镍渣、流化床煤灰按质量比56:44称取,外加11份秸秆,2份三氧化二铁,球磨2h;
成型:外加纸浆废液作粘结剂,挤出成型,得到坯体;
烧成:20℃~500℃,升温96min,500℃保温1h,500℃-1050℃,升温120min,1050℃保温120min,自然冷却到室温。
性能测试:采用阿基米德定律测得泡沫陶瓷的闭气孔率为76%,采用万能试验机测得其抗压强度为12.00MPa,吸水率2.1%
实施例3
本实施例所设计原料配比如表3所示。
表3实施例3原料配比
实施例3 镍渣:增钙液态渣 外加秸秆:三氧化二铁:碳粉
质量比 40:60 6.5:3:2
具体实施步骤如下:
球磨混料:将镍渣、增钙液态渣按质量比40:60称取,外加6.5份秸秆,3份三氧化二铁和2份碳粉,球磨2h;
成型:外加制糖废液做粘结剂,挤出成型,得到坯体;
烧成:20℃~500℃,升温96min,500℃保温1h,500℃~1165℃,升温100min,1165℃保温120min,自然冷却到室温。
性能测试:采用阿基米德定律测得泡沫陶瓷的闭气孔率为40%,采用万能试验机测得其抗压强度为5.40MPa,吸水率2.98%
实施例4
本实施例所设计原料配比如表4所示。
表4实施例4原料配比
实施例4 镍渣:赤泥 外加稻壳:三氧化二铁:碳粉
质量比 30:70 2:2:1
具体实施步骤如下:
球磨混料:将镍渣、赤泥按质量比30:70称取,外加2份稻壳,2份三氧化二铁,1份碳粉,球磨2h,加水混匀;
成型:挤出成型,得到坯体;
烧成:20℃~500℃,升温96min,500℃保温50min,500℃~1100℃,升温100min,1100℃保温150min,自然冷却到室温。
性能测试:采用阿基米德定律测得具有泡沫陶瓷的闭气孔率为86.54%,采用万能试验机测得其抗压强度为8.15MPa,吸水率2.6%
实施例5
本实施例所设计原料配比如表5所示。
表5实施例5原料配比
实施例5 镍渣:污泥 外加稻壳:碳粉
质量比 65:35 5:1
具体实施步骤如下:
球磨混料:将镍渣、污泥按质量比65:35称取、外加5份稻壳,1份碳粉,球磨2h,加水混匀;
成型:在6MPa下模压成型,得到坯体;
烧成:20℃~500℃,升温96min,500℃保温1h,500℃~1200℃,升温120min,1200℃保温150min,自然冷却到室温。
性能测试:采用阿基米德定律测得具有泡沫陶瓷的闭气孔率为76.76%,采用万能试验机测得其抗压强度为10.43MPa,吸水率3.00%。

Claims (8)

1.一种以镍渣为原料的泡沫陶瓷墙材,其特征在于所述墙材,其主要由以下重量份比例的原料所制成:24~56份镍渣、44~76份富铝废料,外加2~11份生物质材料、2~8份发泡剂;所述镍渣中各成分含量:SiO2为40.38~55.99%、MgO为17.19~28.31%、Fe2O3为4.89~10%、Al2O3为4.86~7.29%、CaO为0.92~4.02%和K、Na小于3%。
2.如权利要求1中的泡沫陶瓷墙材,其特征在于所述富铝废料为煤矸石、赤泥、污泥、流化床煤灰、增钙液态渣中的一种。
3.如权利要求1中的泡沫陶瓷墙材,其特征在于所述生物质原料为秸秆、稻壳中的一种。
4.如权利要求1中的泡沫陶瓷墙材,其特征在于所述发泡剂为三氧化二铁、碳酸钙、碳粉中的一种或几种混合。
5.权利要求1所述泡沫陶瓷墙材的制备方法,其特征在于,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)镍渣破碎并粉磨0.5~4h,得到镍渣粉体;
(2)按配方称取镍渣24~56份、富铝废料44~76份,外加生物质材料2~11份、发泡剂2~8份混合、球磨得到混合粉料,装袋备用;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的粉体加水或工业废液,混匀、成型,得到坯体。
(4)将生坯放在匣钵中,置于高温炉中,在空气中以一定的升温程序进行处理,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中所述的工业废液为纸浆废液、制糖废液、制革废液、酿酒废液中的一种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中成型方法采用挤出成型或模压成型。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(4)中的升温程序为:以3~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至500℃,保温50~60min,再以4~7℃/min的升温速度升至1050℃~1280℃,保温120~180min。
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