CN106133046A - 保湿剂 - Google Patents
保湿剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106133046A CN106133046A CN201580015611.6A CN201580015611A CN106133046A CN 106133046 A CN106133046 A CN 106133046A CN 201580015611 A CN201580015611 A CN 201580015611A CN 106133046 A CN106133046 A CN 106133046A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- carboxymethyl cellulose
- soil
- concentrated aqueous
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940048842 sodium xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 alkyl Sulfosuccinate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 21
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical group [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000008131 glucosides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical class C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 2,3-bis[[(z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGFPWHGISWUQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sec-butylphenol Chemical class CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O NGFPWHGISWUQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWYSSKOUATWAAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)C=1C(=C(C(=C(C1)O)C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)C=1C(=C(C(=C(C1)O)C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OWYSSKOUATWAAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150013553 CD40 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102100034275 Cx9C motif-containing protein 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001836 Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000711004 Homo sapiens Cx9C motif-containing protein 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000521257 Hydrops Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003350 Spectratech® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100040245 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000105 evaporative light scattering detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004712 monophosphates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012875 nonionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VILMUCRZVVVJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium glycolate Chemical compound [Na+].OCC([O-])=O VILMUCRZVVVJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B11/00—Preparation of cellulose ethers
- C08B11/02—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers
- C08B11/04—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals
- C08B11/10—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals substituted with acid radicals
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Abstract
可由包含以下组分的配方制备浓缩水性组合物:a.10‑30重量%(%wt)解聚的羧甲基纤维素,所述解聚的羧甲基纤维素的重均分子量为约10,000至约80,000道尔顿(Da);b.15‑50%增容剂,所述增容剂选自下组:甘油和二甲苯磺酸钠;和c.约0.5‑20重量%表面活性剂。可以使用所述浓缩的水性溶液制备可用于使土壤保湿的水性溶液。
Description
本发明涉及用于制备土壤保湿剂的水性浓缩组合物,其包含解聚的羧甲基纤维素、增容剂和至少一种表面活性剂。
本发明还涉及由所述组合物制备的水溶液和用于对土壤进行保湿的方法。
植物需要特定量的水分来使其萌芽、生长和保持活力。缺水和/或高蒸发/蒸腾作用的情况下,由于高温、低湿度、高风量和植物蒸腾作用,土壤迅速失水。土壤中的水分通过毛细作用被吸引至裸露的土壤表面,并蒸发进入空气而流失。同时,通过渗透由土壤吸引至植物根部纤维的水分通过植物茎干和叶片系统蒸腾,然后未通过光合作用转化的部分由叶片表面的孔蒸发而损失。在这样的条件下,土壤体积水含量会显著下降。
此外,施用于粗的沙质土壤的灌溉水由于沟道作用(定义为水快速移动向下通过大孔空间)并缺乏保持力(由于缺少能吸收可用水的有机物质导致)而移动通过植物根部区域。
斥水土壤也存在明显的水文和农学问题。由于它们的特征是具有阻碍或完全抑制水合作用的表面化学的变化,它们显示延缓水渗透进入土壤(导致流失、侵蚀和浸出)和对草坪草和多种农作物的常规生长和维护的很强的作用。
当白天和黑夜地表温度存在明显变化时,在夜间冷却(收缩)循环过程中大量空气吸入多孔土壤中,在白天受热时空气和水分呼出。这进一步加重了整体的蒸发产生的水分损失。
通常通过使用手动或自动手段,如洒水装置和滴灌系统浇水向土壤增加水分。然而,这种系统必须与昂贵且精细的灌溉导管和控制装置相连,这严重地限制其使用并且能耗高。
保持地面水分的另一个方法使用海绵状材料,所述海绵状材料预先与围绕植物根部的土壤混合,并且之后在灌溉浇水(无论天然或人工的)过程中用水浸透。这些材料通常是不可生物降解的,并污染插入这些材料的土壤。
很多方法使用保湿剂作为土壤添加剂来增加体积水含量。保湿剂通常是天然、半合成或合成来源的(共)聚合物的组合物。
这些聚合物组合物混合到水溶液或水性悬浮液中,并施用于土壤表面。可以多种方式完成施用,包括但不限于喷洒、抛洒(casting)、覆盖、耕作或其它方式结合至土壤的顶层。
适合用作保湿剂的一种聚合物是羧甲基纤维素(CMC)。当施加灌溉水时,羧甲基纤维素能吸收并保持水,并在灌溉间隔或干旱期时释放水。
例如,WO 2007/146055描述了一种与生物体相互作用时释放浸渍的水、气体和营养素的基材,所述基材包括平均分子量为90,000-700,000的羧甲基纤维素化合物的盐、水合金属盐、水、选自锌和锌盐的微量营养素、至少一种选自植物生长激素和植物生长调节剂的植物生长添加剂、至少一种防腐剂、表面活性剂和选自乙酸或乙酸盐的乙酸组分的混合物。
US 4,865,640要求保护一种与生物体相互作用时逐渐释放浸渍水和气体的基材,所述基材基本上包含以下组分的混合物:a)13重量%的纤维素化合物,其平均分子量为90,000-700,000,由式R--O--COOM表示,其中“M”是取代纤维素化合物的羧基上氢的金属,“R”是纤维素链;b)0.1-0.3重量%的水合金属盐;和c)97-99重量%的水。
有时,当需要对浇水方法进行生长条件优化时,在保湿剂存在下也可能发生局部干斑(“LDS”)。这可能是由于过度的茅草覆盖、密实的土壤、灌溉覆盖差、倾斜率急剧变化(水流失)、土壤盐度高、不正确地使用化学物质、昆虫、疾病和斥水性土壤导致的。LDS的特征是作物或草皮中有问题的不规则、分离的疏水区域。
可通过向保湿剂添加表面活性剂使由不均匀水分布导致的局部干斑的数量最小化。实际上,用作润湿剂的表面活性剂使得水水平地铺展,并通过土壤的小沟道和毛细管渗透至有用的深度,而不是被排斥或主要保持在表面上或特定的区域中。
WO 02/15687中描述了该方案,其涉及包含以下组分的土壤处理组合物:
A)选自水溶性或水分散性聚合物、表面活性剂和成分I和II的组合的活性成分;和B)余量的载体和其它添加成分。
所述水溶性或水分散性聚合物可以是多糖,其中所述多糖可以是羧甲基纤维素。在实施例中,使用三种分子量为90000至700000道尔顿的CMC。未描述分子量对性能的具体影响。
通常,保湿剂如CMC以在施用点制备的水溶液形式直接施用于土壤。重要的是保湿剂的所有组分正确地计量(dosed)并充分溶解以确保不发生土壤中剂量不足或超剂量的情况。
但是,在田间并以固体形式难以使用羧甲基纤维素,因为它需要长时间来溶解,即使在高剪切搅拌的情况下也是如此。
该问题的好的解决方案是制备羧甲基纤维素和表面活性剂的浓缩水性组合物,该组合物能容易地计量和均化。
不幸的是,很难将足量的羧甲基纤维素和表面活性剂以浓缩物形式合并和/或在所有情况下得到稳定的组合物。此外,表面活性剂的类型被限制为与羧甲基纤维素相容的那些。
因此,仍需要一种浓缩的羧甲基纤维素和表面活性剂的水性组合物,该组合物能容易地稀释和施用,具有对任何类型的土壤增加的功效并且能改进植物和草的水利用效率。
我们发现可以利用增容剂制备解聚的羧甲基纤维素(解聚的CMC)和表面活性剂的浓缩水性组合物。这些浓缩物可包含大量的羧甲基纤维素和表面活性剂,是稳定的、可倾倒的,在施用或混合位点处可容易地稀释,以制备即用型保湿剂。
所述保湿剂可以施用于土壤,并减少直接蒸发或沟道作用和流失(run-through)造成的水分损失,提高植物可及的土壤水分的比例,并且在某些情况下阻止或甚至逆转由于白天/黑夜多孔土壤进出移动的蒸发损失。同时,表面活性剂的存在使得水适当地与土壤水合。
据申请人所知,之前没有人描述过本公开的解聚CMC、表面活性剂和增容剂的具体组合。
根据本发明,术语“解聚的CMC”指通过化学、酶或物理处理或这些处理的组合使羧甲基纤维素的重均分子量减小至10,000-80,000道尔顿的羧甲基纤维素。
根据本发明,CMC的重均分子量通过用普鲁兰糖(pullulane)标样校准的凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)确定。
术语“取代度”(DS)表示纤维素的各含氢糖苷(hydroglycosidic)单元中羧甲基基团的平均数量。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供用于制备保湿剂的浓缩的水性组合物,其包含:
a.10-30重量%(wt.%)的解聚羧甲基纤维素(解聚CMC),其重均分子量为10,000-80,000道尔顿(Da);
b.15-50重量%的增容剂,所述增容剂选自甘油和二甲苯磺酸钠;
c.0.5-20重量%的至少一种表面活性剂。
另一方面,本发明涉及对土壤进行保湿的方法,所述方法包括i)制备即用型水溶液,其包含0.1-3.5重量%,更优选0.5-2重量%的所述浓缩水性组合物,和ii)将所述水溶液施用于土壤。
发明详述
根据本发明一个优选的方面,所述水性浓缩组合物包含:
a.12-25重量%的解聚CMC;
b.25-45重量%的增容剂;
c.0.5-10重量%的至少一种表面活性剂。
在本发明一个特别优选的实施方式中,所述水性浓缩组合物包含:
a.12-25重量%的解聚CMC;
b.32-45重量%的增容剂;
c.0.5-5重量%的至少一种表面活性剂。
根据本发明,优选的解聚CMC的重均分子量为15,000-50,000Da,更优选20,000-40,000Da。
较佳地,解聚CMC的取代度(DS)为0.4-1.6,更优选0.6-1.2。
所述解聚CMC在20rpm和20℃条件下在25重量%浓度的水溶液中测得的布氏粘度通常低于6500mPa*s,优选低于4000mPa*s。
通常,本发明的解聚CMC与碱金属离子,如钠或钾,或铵或季铵离子成盐。优选地,本发明的解聚羧甲基纤维素与钾或钠离子成盐,更优选与钾离子成盐。
用于进行羧甲基纤维素解聚的很多方法是已知的;我们引用以下文献报告的那些方法,例如,EP 382577,描述了纤维素衍生物的酶水解;GB 2,281,073,描述了通过溶解羧甲基纤维素和酶的固体混合物获得低粘度羧甲基纤维素溶液的过程;EP 465992,描述了纤维素醚与过氧化氢在水中解聚作用的过程;EP 708113,描述了通过辐射获得低分子量纤维素醚;
WO/2005/012540,描述了在水醇非均相介质中分散粉末形式的中等粘度羧甲基纤维素的酶解聚过程。
实际上,所有可用于制备解聚的CMC的方法都适用于本发明的组合物。由酶解聚方法获得的解聚CMC是优选的。
所述解聚方法可以同时施用于纯化的和工业级羧甲基纤维素。
较佳地,由具有55-75重量%活性物质含量(以干物质计)的工业级羧甲基纤维素获得解聚的CMC。工业级CMC在醚化反应之后不进行清洗,通常包含25-45重量%(以干物质计)的羧甲基化副产物。这些副产物主要是氯化物和乙醇酸盐,例如氯化钠和乙醇酸钠,这取决于CMC的成盐化。
优选地,在用于制备本公开的保湿剂的浓缩水性组合物中,增容剂是甘油。
阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型和两性表面活性剂及其混合物可用作表面活性剂c)。优选地,所述表面活性剂是阴离子表面活性剂。
合适的表面活性剂是,例如,非离子型乳化剂和分散剂,例如,聚烷氧基化的,优选聚乙氧基化的、饱和和不饱和脂族醇,其烷基基团具有8-24个碳原子,该烷基基团源自相应的脂肪酸或石化产物,并具有1-100个,优选4-40个环氧乙烷单元(EO);聚烷氧基化的,优选聚乙氧基化的芳基烷基苯酚,例如,平均乙氧基化度为8-80,优选16-40的三苯乙烯基苯酚;聚烷氧基化的,优选聚乙氧基化的具有一个或多个烷基基团的烷基苯酚,例如,壬基苯酚或三仲丁基苯酚,乙氧基化度为2-40,优选4-20;聚烷氧基化的,优选聚乙氧基化的羟基脂肪酸或羟基脂肪酸甘油酯,例如,乙氧基化度为10-80的蓖麻油;脂肪酸的去水山梨糖醇酯或山梨糖醇酯,或聚烷氧基化的,优选聚乙氧基化的去水山梨糖醇酯或山梨糖醇酯;聚烷氧基化的,优选聚乙氧基化的胺;二嵌段和三嵌段共聚物,例如环氧烷的二嵌段和三嵌段共聚物,例如环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的二嵌段和三嵌段共聚物,平均摩尔质量为200-8000克/摩尔,优选1000-4000克/摩尔;烷基聚糖苷或聚烷氧基化的,优选聚乙氧基化的烷基聚糖苷。
优选的非离子型表面活性剂是聚乙氧基化醇,优选来自可再生资源的聚乙氧基化醇,如乙氧基化的(4-8EO)C12-C14天然醇;羟基脂肪酸的聚乙氧基化的三糖苷和聚环氧乙烷/聚环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物。
阴离子型表面活性剂也是合适的,例如:
聚烷氧基化、优选聚乙氧基化的离子改性的表面活性剂,例如,离子改性通过将环氧烷嵌段的末端自由羟基功能转化为硫酸酯或磷酸酯来进行;
具有直链或支链烷基的烷基芳基磺酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐;
石蜡-磺酸和氯化石蜡-磺酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐;
聚合电解质,如木质磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐和甲醛缩聚物、聚苯乙烯磺酸盐或磺化的不饱和或芳族聚合物;
阴离子型烷基聚糖苷酯,如烷基聚糖苷磺基琥珀酸酯或柠檬酸酯;用直链或支链脂族、脂环族和/或芳族醇酯化一次或两次的磺基琥珀酸酯,或用醇的(聚)环氧烷加合物酯化一次或两次的磺基琥珀酸酯。
优选的阴离子表面活性剂是,例如,烷基磺基琥珀酸盐,例如二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠,和阴离子型烷基聚糖苷酯,特别是烷基聚糖苷柠檬酸酯。
阳离子型和两性表面活性剂的例子是季铵盐、烷基氨基酸和甜菜碱或咪唑啉两性剂(amphotenside)。
任选地,浓缩水性组合物还包括漂流抑制剂、润湿剂、腐蚀抑制剂、微生物抑制剂、pH调节剂、消泡剂或其混合物。
本发明的浓缩水性组合物可通过将多种组分和其它任选添加剂与水简单地混合来制备。由于解聚的CMC通常以浓缩液体溶液或分散体(20-45重量%)形式提供,通常所述增容剂、所述至少一种表面活性剂和其它添加剂可能与水一起加入解聚的CMC溶液或分散体中。
本发明的浓缩组合物的布氏粘度为100-800mPa*s,优选200-500mPa*s。
这些浓缩水性组合物可以在临使用前用水稀释,以提供可直接施用于土壤的水溶液。
优选地,本发明的水溶液包含1-2重量%的上述浓缩水性组合物。
本文公开的水溶液可由解聚CMC、增容剂和至少一种表面活性剂组成;它们也可以方便地包含农化活性成分,如杀虫剂、除草剂、稳定剂、佐剂、pH调节剂、消泡剂、植物营养素(包括肥料和重金属)等。优选的农化活性成分是植物营养素。
本发明的水溶液可包括约0.01-8重量%,优选约1-4重量%的农化活性成分。
合适的肥料的例子包括氮源、磷源、钾源及其混合物。可用的氮源的非限制性例子包括尿素、硝酸铵、硝酸钾及其混合物。可用的磷的例子包括磷酸铵、磷酸氢二铵、单磷酸二氢铵、磷酸钠、磷酸氢钠及其混合物。可用的钾源包括任意合适的水溶性钾盐。
重金属源的非限制性例子包括螯合铁(与EDTA螯合)、锰和锌。
本发明公开的水溶液可以通过例如以60-500l/ha、优选150-300l/ha的用量喷雾,或通过0.4-120l/小时每发射器的用量喷洒或滴灌来施用。
它们可施用于任何类型的土壤,但它们特别适合于美国农业部、美国政府出版办公室,华盛顿特区,20402(第三章),“土壤调查手册”(“Soil Survey Manual”UnitedStates Dept.of Agric.U.S.Government Printing Office,Washington,D.C.20402.(CHAPTER 3))限定的沙质土壤、肥土、沙质粘肥土、沙质粘土、砂土。
由于所述水性溶液的优选组分是可生物降解的,其可以周期性地重复施用。以下实验数据显示本发明的浓缩水性组合物的稳定性和功效。
实施例
表征方法
CMC溶液的布氏((BRK))粘度用DV-E布氏粘度计在20℃、20rpm的条件下测量。
羟甲基纤维的取代度(DS)根据ASTM标准测试方法D1439-03(醚化度)测量。
羟甲基纤维素的活性物质含量根据ASTM标准测试方法D1439-03(纯度)测量。
羟甲基纤维素的反应副产物含量通过干重和活性物质含量的差值计算。
通过以下方法使用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)确定重均分子量(Mw)。
通过以0.3%重量/体积的浓度将样品溶解在0.10M醋酸铵中来制备解聚CMC样品(“流动相溶液”)。
使用分子量为5900-788000Da的普鲁兰糖作为分子量标样。
将200微升的各溶液在0.45微米的过滤器上过滤,并注入配备蒸发光散射检测器的HPLC。
在60℃的温度下使用下述柱:色谱科(Supelco)Progel–TSK G3000PWXL、G5000PWXL,、G6000PWXL和Progel-TSK PWXL保护柱。把HPLC设定为流速0.8毫升/分钟,运行50分钟。
制备解聚CMC
根据以下方法解聚四种不同的CMC(其特性见表1)。
在130升的反应器中,在搅拌下将20Kg羧甲基纤维素分散在80Kg水/异丙醇混合物(含41重量%的异丙醇)中。
表1
用0.16Kg 50重量%的NaOH和9.1Kg 80重量%的乙酸将pH调节至6.4,混合物加热至40℃。然后加入100-300gSuper L(杰能科国际公司(Genencor International)出售的制备纤维素酶活性为2850GTU/g)。
将分散体搅拌合适的时间(30-180分钟);然后在真空下在40-45℃通过蒸馏去除醇,直至残留浓度为约0.5重量%(由气相色谱测定);加入NaOH将pH升至11.5,在67℃搅拌混合物60分钟。
将混合物冷却至50℃,加入0.6Kg 30重量%的过氧化氢水溶液,然后加热至65℃,搅拌30分钟。
加热300g Terminox 50Ultra(诺维泽姆公司(Novozymes)DK的过氧化氢酶),搅拌混合物10分钟。溶液冷却至30℃,加入75g Carbosan CD40(蓝宝迪有限公司(LambertiSpA)的杀生物剂)。
得到解聚的羧甲基纤维素的水溶液(见表2)。
表2
特性 | CMC11 | CMC22 | CMC33 | CMC44 | CMC53 |
抗衡离子 | K | K | Na | Na | Na |
DS | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 |
活性物质(%w/w) | 22 | 37 | 37 | 22 | 24 |
副产物(%w/w) | 15 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 1 |
BRK粘度(mPa*s) | 4360 | 5900 | 3500 | 4890 | 2420 |
Mw(Da) | 34000 | 38500 | 29500 | 35000 | 76000 |
1来自工业级钾CMC
2来自纯化级钾CMC
3来自纯化级钠CMC
4来自工业级钠CMC
实施例1-20
通过将表3,表4和表5所示的不同量的CMC1-CMC5、增容剂和椰油-烷基聚糖苷柠檬酸盐(APG-柠檬酸盐,以Eucarol AGE EC购自蓝宝迪有限公司)或二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠混合来制备根据本发明的浓缩水性组合物。
表3,表4和表5还报告了组合物的外观、布氏粘度和对54℃处理两周的稳定性。
表3
*比较例;OK=无相分离;PS=相分离
表4
*比较例;OK=无相分离;ND=未测定;PS=相分离
表5
*比较例
OK=无相分离
ND=未测定
PS=相分离
根据本发明制备的浓缩水性组合物与比较组合物相比更稳定和/或具有明显更低的粘度。
应用测试
用CIPAC D标准水稀释实施例2-3,5-8,12-15,17-19和21-22的浓缩组合物来制备水溶液。通过小心地装填土壤来制备填充有400克沙质土壤的土壤柱(直径5cm),以提供大于或等于约1.7kg/dm3的体积密度。该测试中使用的沙质土壤的组合物为90.75重量%砂、3.75重量%淤泥和5.5重量%粘土。
光谱技术公司(Spectrum Technologies)的水侦查水分传感器(WaterscoutMoisture Sensor)放置在柱中心并埋放在6cm深度,其中整个传感器用土壤覆盖。使用Watchdog 1400微型工作站滴灌仪(Watchdog 1400Microstation Drip irrigation)记录体积水含量(VWC%),实现在6小时时间内使用Metrohm的798MPT Titrino给予36mL水溶液。水传感器在48小时内每隔30分钟记录VWC%,以监测土壤润湿和水保持性。表6记录了浓缩组合物的浓度以及24小时和48小时之后的VWC%。
表6
成分 | %浓度 | VWC%24h | VWC%48h |
水 | - | 2.9 | 2.4 |
实施例2 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 3.5 |
实施例3 | 1.5 | 4.4 | 3.7 |
实施例5 | 1.5 | 5.1 | 3.8 |
实施例6 | 1.5 | 4.8 | 3.7 |
实施例7 | 1.5 | 4.4 | 3.7 |
实施例8 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 3.9 |
实施例12 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 4.1 |
实施例13 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 4.0 |
实施例14 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 3.6 |
实施例15 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 3,7 |
实施例17 | 1.5 | 5.0 | 3.8 |
实施例18 | 1.5 | 5.1 | 3.7 |
实施例19 | 1.5 | 6.2 | 5.0 |
实施例21* | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 |
实施例22* | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
*比较例
记录的数据证明施用稀释本发明的浓缩水性组合物制备的水溶液将土壤水保持力增加至显著程度。由包含解聚工业级CMC的浓缩水性组合物制备的水溶液是特别有效的。
Claims (12)
1.一种浓缩水性组合物,其包含:
a.10-30重量%(wt.%)的解聚羧甲基纤维素,所述解聚羧甲基纤维素的重均分子量为10,000-80,000道尔顿(Da);
b.15-50%的选自甘油和二甲苯磺酸钠的增容剂;和
c.0.5-20重量%的至少一种表面活性剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的浓缩水性组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包含:
a.12-25重量%的解聚羧甲基纤维素;
b.25-45重量%的增容剂;
c.0.5-10重量%的至少一种表面活性剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的浓缩水性组合物,其特征在于,所述解聚羧甲基纤维素的重均分子量为15,000-50,000Da。
4.如权利要求1所述的浓缩水性组合物,其特征在于,所述解聚羧甲基纤维素是钾盐。
5.如权利要求1所述的浓缩水性组合物,其特征在于,使用工业级羧甲基纤维素制备所述解聚羧甲基纤维素,所述工业级羧甲基纤维素具有,以干物质计,55-75重量%的活性物质含量和25-45重量%的羧甲基化副产物。
6.如权利要求1所述的浓缩水性组合物,其特征在于,所述增容剂是甘油。
7.如权利要求1所述的浓缩水性组合物,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自下组:烷基磺基琥珀酸盐和阴离子型烷基聚糖苷酯。
8.一种对土壤进行保湿的方法,该方法包括:
i)制备包含0.1-3.5重量%的浓缩水性组合物的水溶液,所述浓缩水性组合物包含:
a.10-30重量%的解聚羧甲基纤维素,所述解聚羧甲基纤维素的重均分子量为10,000-80,000道尔顿(Da);
b.15-50重量%的选自甘油和二甲苯磺酸钠的增容剂;和
c.0.5-20重量%的至少一种表面活性剂;
ii)和向所述土壤施加所述水溶液。
9.如权利要求8所述的对土壤进行保湿的方法,其特征在于,所述水溶液包括0.5-2重量%的所述浓缩水性组合物。
10.如权利要求8所述的对土壤进行保湿的方法,其特征在于,所述水溶液还包含约0.01-8重量%的农化活性成分。
11.如权利要求8所述的对土壤进行保湿的方法,其特征在于,所述增容剂是甘油。
12.如权利要求8所述的对土壤进行保湿的方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自下组:烷基磺基琥珀酸盐和阴离子型烷基聚糖苷酯。
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