CN106132738A - 制冷剂回路系统、尤其是热力泵回路系统 - Google Patents

制冷剂回路系统、尤其是热力泵回路系统 Download PDF

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CN106132738A
CN106132738A CN201580016165.0A CN201580016165A CN106132738A CN 106132738 A CN106132738 A CN 106132738A CN 201580016165 A CN201580016165 A CN 201580016165A CN 106132738 A CN106132738 A CN 106132738A
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refrigerant
heat exchanger
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cold
circuit systems
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CN106132738B (zh
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R·赫博尔茨海默
R·玛格
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3229—Cooling devices using compression characterised by constructional features, e.g. housings, mountings, conversion systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00961—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3286—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/3288—Additional heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator

Abstract

制冷剂回路系统(1)，该制冷剂回路系统在制冷剂的流动方向(2a、2b)上观察具有下列部件：压缩机(3)；冷凝器或气体冷却器(4)；作为再冷却器的第一制冷剂‑空气热交换器(5)，制冷剂经由该第一制冷剂‑空气热交换器散发热量；第一膨胀机构(6)；第一制冷剂‑空气热交换器(7)，制冷剂经由该制冷剂‑空气热交换器从周围环境空气(8)吸收热量；第二膨胀机构(9)；和第三制冷剂‑空气热交换器(10)，制冷剂经由该第三制冷剂‑空气热交换器从周围环境空气吸收热量。12表示在驱动发动机前面的热交换器配置系统，13表示行驶方向。应该将周围环境热交换器(7、10)的冻结危险降到最低。

Description

制冷剂回路系统、尤其是热力泵回路系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的具有两级蒸发的制冷剂回路系统、尤其是热力泵回路系统。
背景技术
在应用于车辆中的热力泵回路系统中，“周围环境热交换器”或蒸发器的冻结危险是主要的问题。应该防止周围环境热交换器冻结，因为否则热力泵的性能将会显著下降。
发明内容
本发明的任务是实现一种适合于在车辆中使用的制冷剂回路系统或热力泵回路系统，在其中将制冷剂回路系统的一个或多个周围环境热交换器的冻结危险降到最低。
该任务通过权利要求1的特征来解决。本发明的有利的构造方案和进一步改进方案可由从属权利要求得出。
本发明的出发点是一种用于车辆的制冷剂回路系统、尤其是用于车辆的热力泵回路系统，该制冷剂回路系统或热力泵回路系统在制冷剂的流动方向上观察具有下列部件：
——制冷剂压缩机，
——冷凝器或气体冷却器，
——作为再冷却器起作用的第一制冷剂-空气热交换器,制冷剂经由该第一制冷剂-空气热交换器将热量散发给周围环境空气，
——第一膨胀机构，
——第二制冷剂-空气热交换器，制冷剂经由该第二制冷剂-空气热交换器从周围环境空气吸收热量，
——第二膨胀机构，和
——第三制冷剂-空气热交换器，制冷剂经由该第三制冷剂-空气热交换器从周围环境空气吸收热量。
本发明的主要构思在于，尤其有冻结危险的第三制冷剂-空气热交换器(制冷剂应该经由该第三制冷剂-空气热交换器从周围环境吸收热量)这样关于第一制冷剂-空气热交换器布置，即，该第三制冷剂-空气热交换器由该第一制冷剂-空气热交换器保护以防冻结。为此，第一制冷剂-空气热交换器这样布置，使得从第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(再冷却器)流出的已加热的空气流入或流经或环绕流过有冻结危险的第三制冷剂-空气热交换器。
根据本发明的一种进一步改进方案，制冷剂回路系统布置在车辆中。在车辆的行驶方向上观察，第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(再冷却器)布置在尤其有冻结危险的第三制冷剂-空气热交换器前面。换句话说，尤其有冻结危险的第三制冷剂-空气热交换器关于周围环境空气(行车风)的流动方向布置在下游、即关于第一制冷剂-空气热交换器布置在下游，由此，如上面已经提及的那样，实现从第一制冷剂-空气热交换器流出的空气或者说行车风流入或流过第三制冷剂-空气热交换器。
根据本发明的一种进一步改进方案，第二制冷剂-空气热交换器在车辆的行驶方向上观察布置在第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(再冷却器)的前面。
因此，这三个制冷剂-空气热交换器在空气或者说行车风的流动方向上按顺序一个接一个地布置。
尤其可以规定，第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(再冷却器)和第二制冷剂-空气热交换器以及第三制冷剂-空气热交换器在车辆的行驶方向上观察布置在驱动发动机前面、尤其布置在处于车辆的发动机舱中的内燃机前面。
第一和/或第二膨胀机构可以是纯机械调节的、恒温的膨胀机构，该膨胀机构是成本非常有利的。这种纯机械调节的、恒温的膨胀机构“自动”调节，即，完全不需要电子控制装置等等。
对此备选地，第一和/或第二膨胀机构当然也可以构成为电子开环控制的或者闭环控制的膨胀机构。
冷凝器或气体冷却器可以是制冷剂-空气热交换器，即，可以是如下的热交换器，压缩的制冷剂经由该热交换器将热量散发给周围环境空气。
对此备选地，冷凝器或气体冷却器也可以是制冷剂-液体热交换器，制冷剂经由该制冷剂-液体热交换器将热量例如散发给车辆的冷却剂回路、尤其散发给内燃机的冷却剂回路。
附图说明
下面结合附图更详细地阐述本发明。唯一的图1以示意图示出根据本发明的制冷剂回路系统。
具体实施方式
图1示出制冷剂回路系统1，该制冷剂回路系统在制冷剂的流动方向上(通过箭头2a、2b表示)观察具有制冷剂压缩机3和冷凝器或气体冷却器4。冷凝器或气体冷却器4可以是制冷剂-空气热交换器、即可以是如下的热交换器，压缩的并且加热的制冷剂经由该热交换器将热量散发给空气用以加热(例如乘客舱)。
对此备选地，冷凝器或气体冷却器4也可以是制冷剂-液体热交换器，压缩的并且加热的制冷剂经由该制冷剂-液体热交换器将热量散发给车辆的液体回路。
在冷凝器或气体冷却器4中被冷却的压缩的制冷剂流过作为再冷却器起作用的第一制冷剂-空气热交换器5。制冷剂在该第一制冷剂-空气热交换器5中将热量散发给流经或环绕流过第一制冷剂-空气热交换器5的空气。因此，制冷剂进一步被冷却。然后，来自第一制冷剂-空气热交换器5的制冷剂在第一膨胀机构6中被减压至饱和蒸汽压，该饱和蒸汽压大致对应于空气的露点温度或者大致对应于比空气的露点温度高1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10K的温度。
在第一膨胀机构6中减压之后，在第二制冷剂-空气热交换器7中实现从周围环境空气或者说行车风8的吸热(非关键的吸热)。
在流过作为第一蒸发器起作用的第二制冷剂-空气热交换器7之后，制冷剂经由第二膨胀机构9进一步被减压并且接着流过第三制冷剂-空气热交换器10，制冷剂在该第三制冷剂-空气热交换器中从周围环境空气或者说行车风吸收热量。制冷剂从第三制冷剂-空气热交换器10经由收集器(低压收集器)11流回至制冷剂压缩机3的吸入侧。
备选于或补充于收集器11，在第一制冷剂-空气热交换器5后面可以布置有(高压)收集器(未示出)。
如已经提及的那样，在图1中所示的制冷剂回路系统1可以安装到车辆中。通过第一、第二和第三制冷剂-空气热交换器形成的配置系统12可以布置在车辆的驱动发动机(例如内燃机)前面。
如从图1可以看出的那样，在车辆的行驶方向13上观察，第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(再冷却器)5布置在第三制冷剂-空气热交换器10前面。因此实现从第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(再冷却器)5流出的空气流入或流过第三制冷剂-空气热交换器10。从第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(再冷却器)5流出的空气相对热并且因此防止第三制冷剂-空气热交换器10冻结。
如从图1可以看出的那样，第二制冷剂-空气热交换器7在车辆的行驶方向13上观察可以布置在第一制冷剂-空气热交换器5前面。该第二制冷剂-空气热交换器7从流过该第二制冷剂-空气热交换器的空气或者说行车风获取一定的热量。接着，来自第二制冷剂-空气热交换器7的已冷却的空气流过第一制冷剂-空气热交换器5。因为该空气被冷却，所以该空气可以很好地从第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(再冷却器)5吸收热量。

Claims (10)

1.制冷剂回路系统(1)，尤其是热力泵回路系统，该制冷剂回路系统或热力泵回路系统在制冷剂的流动方向(2a、2b)上观察具有下列部件：
——压缩机(3)，
——冷凝器或气体冷却器(4)，
——第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(5),制冷剂经由该第一制冷剂-空气热交换器散发热量，
——第一膨胀机构(6)，
——第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(7)，制冷剂经由该制冷剂-空气热交换器从周围环境空气(8)吸收热量，
——第二膨胀机构(9)和
——第三制冷剂-空气热交换器(10)，制冷剂经由该第三制冷剂-空气热交换器从周围环境空气吸收热量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，所述第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(5)布置成，使得从第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(5)流出的已加热的空气流入、流经或环绕流过第三制冷剂-空气热交换器(10)。
3.根据权利要求1或2之一所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，所述制冷剂回路系统(1)布置在车辆中，其中，在车辆的行驶方向(13)上观察，第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(5)布置在第三制冷剂-空气热交换器(10)前面。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，所述第二制冷剂-空气热交换器(7)在车辆的行驶方向(13)上观察布置在第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(5)前面。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，所述第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(5)和所述第二制冷剂-空气热交换器(7)以及所述第三制冷剂-空气热交换器(10)在车辆的行驶方向(13)上观察布置在车辆的驱动发动机前面、尤其在内燃机前面。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，所述第一和/或所述第二膨胀机构(6、9)是仅机械开环控制的或者闭环控制的、恒温的膨胀机构。
7.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，所述第一和/或所述第二膨胀机构(6、9)是电子开环控制的或者闭环控制的膨胀机构。
8.根据权利要求1至7之一所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，在所述第三制冷剂-空气热交换器(10)与所述压缩机(3)之间布置有收集器(11)，和/或在第一制冷剂-空气热交换器(5)后面布置有高压收集器。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，所述冷凝器或气体冷却器(4)是制冷剂-空气热交换器。
10.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的制冷剂回路系统，其特征在于，所述冷凝器或气体冷却器(4)是制冷剂-冷却剂热交换器。
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