CN106129145A - 1064nm增强型Si‑PIN光电探测器及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种1064nm增强型Si‑PIN光电探测器,该光电探测器由N型衬底层、P+区、黑硅层、N+区、钝化膜、增透膜、P电极和N电极组成;本发明还公开了前述光电探测器的制作方法;本发明的有益技术效果是:该1064nm增强型Si‑PIN光电探测器在1064nm波长处的响应度达到0.6A/W,比普通器件响应度提高了一倍,同时还具有成本低、易于集成、响应速度快和响应度高、稳定可靠等特点,在大规模市场化方面具有显著的优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光电探测器,尤其涉及一种1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器及其制作方法。
背景技术
通常硅材料对长波光子的吸收系数小、穿透深度大,即使优化设计硅光电探测器耗尽区宽度和有源区增透膜,其对1064nm波长的响应度都小于0.30A/W。
黑硅层是一种对硅表面进行微结构化处理后获得的材料层,它对可见光及近红外光的吸收率可达到90%以上,且其光谱吸收范围覆盖了近紫外~近红外波段(0.25μm~2.5μm)。在现有“黑硅”技术中,一般是在Si-PIN光电探测器的光敏面形成黑硅层,然后再在黑硅层上形成P+区;发明人对前述现有技术进行了深入研究,并发现前述的现有技术存在如下问题:黑硅层表面钝化效果较差,器件暗电流控制较难,可靠性和稳定性较差,难以实现产品化生产。
发明内容
针对背景技术中的问题,本发明提出了一种1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器,其创新在于:所述1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器由N型衬底层、P+区、黑硅层、N+区、钝化膜、增透膜、P电极和N电极组成;
所述P+区形成于N型衬底层的正面;所述黑硅层形成于N型衬底层的背面;所述增透膜覆盖在P+区表面,增透膜上设置有P电极孔,P电极设置于P电极孔内并与P+区接触;所述N+区覆盖在黑硅层表面;所述钝化膜覆盖在N+区表面,钝化膜上设置有N电极孔,N电极设置于N电极孔内并与N+区接触;所述P+区形成有源区。
采用前述方案后,黑硅层形成于Si-PIN光电探测器的背面,提高了对可见光及近红外光的吸收率,解决了传统Si光电探测器对1064nm波长响应度较小等问题。经实验验证,相比于现有技术,本发明的器件具备如下优点:易于与现有标准工艺兼容,且制备工艺过程简单,“黑硅”表面损伤小,暗电流小、响应度高、稳定可靠,容易实现器件产品化生产。
优选地,所述P+区由N型衬底层表层经高温硼扩散掺杂而得,掺杂浓度范围为1×1019/cm3 ~ 5×1020/cm3,结深为2.0μm ~ 4.0μm。
优选地,所述黑硅层由N型衬底层背面经高能飞秒激光脉冲扫描、瞬态熔融N型衬底层表面而得,高能飞秒激光脉冲的激光波长为800nm,脉冲宽度为100fs,频率为1kHz。
优选地,所述N+区由黑硅层表层经高温磷扩散掺杂而得,掺杂浓度为1×1019 /cm3~ 5×1020 /cm3,结深为1.0μm ~ 3.0μm。
为了便于本领域技术人员实施,本发明还公开了一种1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器制作方法,其创新在于:所述方法的工艺步骤如下:1)提供N型衬底层;
2)在N型衬底层正面生长氧化层;
3)在氧化层上光刻出有源区;
4)对有源区进行掺杂处理,形成P+区;
5)在N型衬底层正面生长增透膜;
6)对N型衬底层背面进行减薄处理;
7)采用高能飞秒激光脉冲对N型衬底层背面进行扫描,使N型衬底层表面的硅瞬态熔融,获得黑硅层;
8)对黑硅层的表层进行掺杂处理,形成N+区;
9)在黑硅层表面生长钝化膜;
10)在增透膜和钝化膜上分别光刻出P电极孔和N电极孔;
11)在P电极孔和N电极孔内分别制作出P电极和N电极。
优选地,步骤4)中,采用高温硼扩散掺杂形成P+区,掺杂浓度范围为1×1019/cm3 ~5×1020/cm3,结深为2.0μm ~ 4.0μm。
优选地,步骤7)中,高能飞秒激光脉冲的激光波长为800nm,脉冲宽度为100fs,频率为1kHz。
优选地,步骤8)中,采用高温磷扩散掺杂形成N+区,掺杂浓度为1×1019 /cm3 ~ 5×1020 /cm3,结深为1.0μm ~ 3.0μm。
本发明的有益技术效果是:本发明的光电探测器在1064nm波长处的响应度可达0.6A/W,比普通器件响应度提高了一倍,同时,该光电探测器还具有成本低、易于集成、响应速度快和响应度高、稳定可靠等特点,在大规模市场化方面具有显著的优势。
附图说明
图1、本发明的结构示意图;
图中各个标记所对应的名称分别为:N型衬底层1、P+区2、黑硅层3、N+区4、钝化膜5、增透膜6、P电极7、N电极8。
具体实施方式
一种1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器,其创新在于:所述1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器由N型衬底层1、P+区2、黑硅层3、N+区4、钝化膜5、增透膜6、P电极7和N电极8组成;
所述P+区2形成于N型衬底层1的正面;所述黑硅层3形成于N型衬底层1的背面;所述增透膜6覆盖在P+区2表面,增透膜6上设置有P电极孔,P电极7设置于P电极孔内并与P+区2接触;所述N+区4覆盖在黑硅层3表面;所述钝化膜5覆盖在N+区4表面,钝化膜5上设置有N电极孔,N电极8设置于N电极孔内并与N+区4接触;所述P+区2形成有源区。
进一步地,所述P+区2由N型衬底层1表层经高温硼扩散掺杂而得,掺杂浓度范围为1×1019/cm3 ~ 5×1020/cm3,结深为2.0μm ~ 4.0μm。
进一步地,所述黑硅层3由N型衬底层1背面经高能飞秒激光脉冲扫描、瞬态熔融N型衬底层1表面而得,高能飞秒激光脉冲的激光波长为800nm,脉冲宽度为100fs,频率为1kHz。
进一步地,所述N+区4由黑硅层3表层经高温磷扩散掺杂而得,掺杂浓度为1×1019 /cm3 ~ 5×1020 /cm3,结深为1.0μm ~ 3.0μm。
一种1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器制作方法,其创新在于:所述方法的工艺步骤如下:1)提供N型衬底层1;
2)在N型衬底层1正面生长氧化层;
3)在氧化层上光刻出有源区;
4)对有源区进行掺杂处理,形成P+区2;
5)在N型衬底层1正面生长增透膜6;
6)对N型衬底层1背面进行减薄处理;
7)采用高能飞秒激光脉冲对N型衬底层1背面进行扫描,使N型衬底层1表面的硅瞬态熔融,获得黑硅层3;
8)对黑硅层3的表层进行掺杂处理,形成N+区4;
9)在黑硅层3表面生长钝化膜5;
10)在增透膜6和钝化膜5上分别光刻出P电极孔和N电极孔;
11)在P电极孔和N电极孔内分别制作出P电极7和N电极8。
进一步地,步骤4)中,采用高温硼扩散掺杂形成P+区2,掺杂浓度范围为1×1019/cm3 ~ 5×1020/cm3,结深为2.0μm ~ 4.0μm。
进一步地,步骤7)中,高能飞秒激光脉冲的激光波长为800nm,脉冲宽度为100fs,频率为1kHz。
进一步地,步骤8)中,采用高温磷扩散掺杂形成N+区4,掺杂浓度为1×1019 /cm3 ~5×1020 /cm3,结深为1.0μm ~ 3.0μm。
Claims (8)
1.一种1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器,其特征在于:所述1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器由N型衬底层(1)、P+区(2)、黑硅层(3)、N+区(4)、钝化膜(5)、增透膜(6)、P电极(7)和N电极(8)组成;
所述P+区(2)形成于N型衬底层(1)的正面;所述黑硅层(3)形成于N型衬底层(1)的背面;所述增透膜(6)覆盖在P+区(2)表面,增透膜(6)上设置有P电极孔,P电极(7)设置于P电极孔内并与P+区(2)接触;所述N+区(4)覆盖在黑硅层(3)表面;所述钝化膜(5)覆盖在N+区(4)表面,钝化膜(5)上设置有N电极孔,N电极(8)设置于N电极孔内并与N+区(4)接触;所述P+区(2)形成有源区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器,其特征在于:所述P+区(2)由N型衬底层(1)表层经高温硼扩散掺杂而得,掺杂浓度范围为1×1019/cm3 ~ 5×1020/cm3,结深为2.0μm ~ 4.0μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器,其特征在于:所述黑硅层(3)由N型衬底层(1)背面经高能飞秒激光脉冲扫描、瞬态熔融N型衬底层(1)表面而得,高能飞秒激光脉冲的激光波长为800nm,脉冲宽度为100fs,频率为1kHz。
4.根据权利要求1所述的1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器,其特征在于:所述N+区(4)由黑硅层(3)表层经高温磷扩散掺杂而得,掺杂浓度为1×1019 /cm3 ~ 5×1020 /cm3,结深为1.0μm ~ 3.0μm。
5.一种1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器制作方法,其特征在于:所述方法的工艺步骤如下:1)提供N型衬底层(1);
2)在N型衬底层(1)正面生长氧化层;
3)在氧化层上光刻出有源区;
4)对有源区进行掺杂处理,形成P+区(2);
5)在N型衬底层(1)正面生长增透膜(6);
6)对N型衬底层(1)背面进行减薄处理;
7)采用高能飞秒激光脉冲对N型衬底层(1)背面进行扫描,使N型衬底层(1)表面的硅瞬态熔融,获得黑硅层(3);
8)对黑硅层(3)的表层进行掺杂处理,形成N+区(4);
9)在黑硅层(3)表面生长钝化膜(5);
10)在增透膜(6)和钝化膜(5)上分别光刻出P电极孔和N电极孔;
11)在P电极孔和N电极孔内分别制作出P电极(7)和N电极(8)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器制作方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中,采用高温硼扩散掺杂形成P+区(2),掺杂浓度范围为1×1019/cm3 ~ 5×1020/cm3,结深为2.0μm ~ 4.0μm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器制作方法,其特征在于:步骤7)中,高能飞秒激光脉冲的激光波长为800nm,脉冲宽度为100fs,频率为1kHz。
8.根据权利要求5所述的1064nm增强型Si-PIN光电探测器制作方法,其特征在于:步骤8)中,采用高温磷扩散掺杂形成N+区(4),掺杂浓度为1×1019 /cm3 ~ 5×1020 /cm3,结深为1.0μm ~ 3.0μm。
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CN108281505A (zh) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-13 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | 基于硅微结构的1064nm增强型四象限光电探测器 |
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