CN106128912B - A kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide - Google Patents
A kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN106128912B CN106128912B CN201610746644.4A CN201610746644A CN106128912B CN 106128912 B CN106128912 B CN 106128912B CN 201610746644 A CN201610746644 A CN 201610746644A CN 106128912 B CN106128912 B CN 106128912B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/10—Wire waveguides, i.e. with a single solid longitudinal conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P9/00—Delay lines of the waveguide type
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, including at least two being sequentially communicated along Z-direction most shortwave to lead periodic structure and input and output waveguide.Twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide is made up of some U-bend waveguides, twisted waveguide section and straight wave guide.When applying in travelling-wave tubes isoline electromagnetic wave vacuum device, compared with traditional folded waveguide, during instant invention overcomes electron beam by traditional slow-wave structure it is existing due to U-bend waveguide belt come 180 degree difference, can be advantageously in the bandwidth of operation of broadening electromagnetic wave source.This directrix plane structure allows us that all electromagnetic wave structures are all arranged on base, is once completed using Numerical-control Milling Machines, to ensure machining accuracy and reduce processing cost.The twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide can realize the compact delay line of various waveguides, single ridged waveguides or double ridged waveguide, particularly slow-wave structure of compact travelling-wave tube amplifier etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electromagnetic transmission line.Specifically, it is to be related to one kind to be used for signal delay or electromagnetic wave source
Slow-wave structure compact twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide.
Background technology
First important application of folded transmission lines is as signal delay line, is prolonged in the systems such as radar for signal
Late.Second important application of folded transmission lines is to be used in travelling-wave tube amplifier as slow-wave structure.At this moment, electron beam edge
Certain straight line electron passage is propagated, and electromagnetic wave is then propagated along the transmission line of bending.Although propagated in bending transmission line
The phase velocity of electromagnetic wave quickly, can be close to the light velocity, the even greater than light velocity, but in the straight line electron passage, electron beam is experienced
The phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave arrived can be well below the light velocity.The beam energy of the travelling-wave tubes formed using quasi- folded waveguide can be big
It is big to reduce, be advantageous to the miniaturization of device.
Traditional folded transmission lines are typically formed using transmission line continuous bend.For example waveguide delay line folds waveguide bend
Put.Because too small bending curvature radius will cause the reflection of signal, the volume of this delay line is generally all bigger.Fold ripple
Common slow-wave structure in leading ing-wave amplifier is replaced respectively using rectangular waveguide section with U-shaped waveguide end to be connected and composed, together
Sample has bulky problem.Another problem existing for common folded waveguide travelling-wave tubes is bandwidth problem.In this travelling-wave tubes
The folded waveguide of use is generally two-dimensional structure, and waveguide is in a plane for crossing Z axis, such as continuous bend in XZ planes.At this
In kind folded waveguide, the electronics propagated along Z axis has two and electromagnetic wave phase interaction when by the folded waveguide of a cycle
Region.In the two interaction regions, the phase difference of the electromagnetic wave that the electron beam of transmission is experienced is except electromagnetic wave is along the folding
The bending approach of folded waveguide is transmitted outside determined phase difference, in addition to due to electromagnetism caused by the 180 degree bending ripple of transmission line
So-called " Shape-phase is poor " for the 180 degree that field direction is reversely determined.The presence of this Shape-phase difference so that along Z-direction
The electron beam of propagation with along folded waveguide propagate electromagnetic wave under the conditions of the speed sync along Z-direction, in same period
In two interaction regions, the active force meeting switching direction along Z-direction suffered by electron beam, cause electromagnetic wave from electron beam
The energy of acquisition is cancelled out each other.In order to solve this problem, speed of the electron beam along Z-direction being averaged along Z-direction with electromagnetic wave
Phase velocity must mismatch.Thus the serious limitation to the relative bandwidth of folded waveguide travelling-wave tubes is brought.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folding without Shape-phase difference
Waveguide.This scheme has the features such as simple in construction, easy to process, working frequency is wide, compact-sized.
To achieve these goals, our scheme is a kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide.
The twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide includes at least two for being sequentially communicated and repeating along Z-direction most
Shortwave leads periodic structure, and input and output waveguide is provided at both ends with twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide.
The friendship of periodic structure is led in the presence of straight line an AB, the straight line AB parallel with Z axis and any one of most shortwave
Collect for two continuous the line segment CD and line segment EF not being joined directly together mutually.
In the presence of at least one straight line electron beam passage parallel to Z axis；The straight line electron beam passage and the straight line AB
Overlap；The line segment CD leads the maximum amplitude point of the electric-field intensity of electromagnetic wave in periodic structure by the most shortwave.
The both ends of the surface that any most shortwave leads periodic structure are all parallel with YZ planes；The most shortwave leads periodic structure
Both ends of the surface are shaped as rectangular waveguide, single ridge rectangular waveguide or double ridge rectangular waveguides；Any most shortwave leads periodic structure
The broadside of both ends of the surface is all parallel with Y direction.When electromagnetic wave frequency close to the mode of operation of the folded waveguide cutoff frequency
During rate, the direction that Z axis leads the electric field of the electromagnetic wave at two common factors of periodic structure with any one of most shortwave is identical.
The most shortwave of the present invention, which leads periodic structure, 2 kinds of structures, and the first structure is：Adjacent 2 most shortwaves lead cycle knot
Structure is directly connected to, and each most shortwave leads the U-bend waveguide that periodic structure is located at YZ planes both sides including at least 2 respectively, U-shaped
Towards YZ planes, 2 U-bend waveguides that same most shortwave is led in periodic structure are connected the recess of waveguide bend using waveguide segment structure
Connect, connected between one end of U-bend waveguide and one end of another U-bend waveguide using waveguide segment structure, each institute
Stating waveguide segment structure includes a waveguide segment in Y-axis and 2 twisted waveguide sections for being located at waveguide segment both sides respectively, twisted waveguide
Gap location of the section between the end of U-bend waveguide and the end face of waveguide segment.
Second of structure be：Adjacent 2 most shortwaves are led periodic structure and are directly connected to；Each most shortwave leads periodic structure extremely
Include 2 U-bend waveguides for being located at YZ planes both sides respectively less, the recess of U-bend waveguide is led towards YZ planes, same most shortwave
2 U-bend waveguides in periodic structure are connected using waveguide segment structure, one end of a U-bend waveguide and another U-bend ripple
Connected between the one end led using waveguide segment structure, each described waveguide segment structure includes a waveguide segment in Y-axis
With 1 twisted waveguide section for being located at waveguide segment one end；Same most shortwave is led in periodic structure, one end of the U-bend waveguide of Y-axis side
Portion is directly connected with waveguide segment, and the one end of the U-bend waveguide of Y-axis opposite side is directly connected with twisted waveguide section, and whole torsional wave
Lead in combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, adjacent 2 twisted waveguide sections are located at Y-axis both sides respectively；The twisted waveguide
Section is linked together by 2 L-shaped waveguide segment overlappings and formed, and a L-shaped waveguide segment is in flip horizontal compared to another L-shaped waveguide segment
State.
At least one form parameter of at least one cross section is with the twisted waveguide combination type in all U-bend waveguides
The relative change of the center line of directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide is more than 10%；At least one cross section in all waveguide segments
At least one form parameter it is big with the relative change of the center line of the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide
In 10%.
Most shortwave is led in periodic structure described in each, and adjacent two twisted waveguide sections are not joined directly together mutually；The U
Shape waveguide bend is the U-bend waveguide of H faces.
The waveguide segment is rectangular waveguide.
The twisted waveguide section is L-shaped waveguide segment.
Straight line electron beam passage runs through all waveguide segments.
The U-bend waveguide is the U-bend waveguide of E faces.
The both ends of the surface that any most shortwave leads periodic structure are all parallel with YZ planes；The most shortwave leads periodic structure
Both ends of the surface are shaped as rectangle；The broadside for the both ends of the surface that any most shortwave leads periodic structure is all parallel with Y direction；It is described
The upper surface flush of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide；Here the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane square
Shape waveguide folded waveguide, including all U-bend waveguides, all waveguide segments, and all twisted waveguide sections.
For the ease of processing, the upper surface flush of the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide；Here
The twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, including all U-bend waveguides, all waveguide segments, and all
Twisted waveguide section.This directrix plane structure allows us that all electromagnetic wave structures are all arranged on base, using common number
Control milling machine is once completed, to ensure machining accuracy and reduce processing cost.
The present invention was proposed using rectangular waveguide, single ridged waveguides, double ridged waveguide or the various cycles of other shapes of waveguide
Property twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide.Merge in traditional twisted waveguide of existing folded waveguide travelling-wave tubes
On the basis of formula directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, solve well electron beam and electromagnetic wave that Shape-phase difference band comes it
Between broadband stationary problem.This directrix plane structure allows us that all electromagnetic wave structures are all arranged on base,
Once completed using Numerical-control Milling Machines, to ensure machining accuracy and reduce processing cost.The invention is also used as compact
Signal delay line., can using the interaction waveguide of the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide as travelling-wave tubes
Prestige substantially reduces high-frequency microwave, millimeter wave, or even the beam energy needed for THz devices and broadening its bandwidth of operation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the elevational schematic view of embodiment 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the most shortwave of embodiment 1 of the present invention leads periodic structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the twisted waveguide schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that the most shortwave of embodiment 2 of the present invention leads periodic structure schematic diagram；
Label corresponds to title in accompanying drawing：1- input and output waveguides, 2- waveguide segments, 4-U shape waveguide bends, 5- twisted waveguide sections, 7-
Straight line electron beam passage.
Embodiment 1
As Figure 1-4.
A kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, including be sequentially communicated and repeat along Z-direction
At least five most shortwave leads periodic structure and input and output waveguide 1.Adjacent 2 most shortwaves are led periodic structure and are directly connected to, each
Most shortwave leads the U-bend waveguides 4 that periodic structure is located at YZ planes both sides including at least 2 respectively, the recess of U-bend waveguide towards
YZ planes, 2 U-bend waveguides 4 that same most shortwave is led in periodic structure are connected using waveguide segment structure, a U-bend waveguide 4
One end and another U-bend waveguide 4 one end between connected using waveguide segment structure, each described waveguide segment structure includes
One waveguide segment 2 and 2 twisted waveguide sections 5 for being located at the both sides of waveguide segment 2 respectively, twisted waveguide section 5 in Y-axis is located at U-bend
Gap location between the end of waveguide 4 and the end face of waveguide segment 2.
The friendship of periodic structure is led in the presence of straight line an AB, the straight line AB parallel with Z axis and any one of most shortwave
Collect for two continuous the line segment CD and line segment EF not being joined directly together mutually.
In the presence of a straight line electron beam passage 7 parallel to Z axis；The straight line electron beam passage 7 and straight line AB weights
Close；The line segment CD leads the maximum amplitude point of the electric-field intensity of electromagnetic wave in periodic structure by the most shortwave.
The both ends of the surface that any most shortwave leads periodic structure are all parallel with YZ planes；The most shortwave leads periodic structure
Both ends of the surface are shaped as rectangular waveguide；The broadside for the both ends of the surface that any most shortwave leads periodic structure is all parallel with Y direction.
When electromagnetic wave frequency close to the mode of operation of the folded waveguide cut-off frequency when, the straight line AB with it is any
Two along Z-direction it is adjacent described in most shortwave lead the phase difference of the electromagnetic wave at the common factor of periodic structure and level off to zero.
Each most shortwave, which leads periodic structure, includes 2 U-bend waveguides 4 and 2 waveguide segments 2.Most shortwave leads week for each
Phase structure also includes 4 twisted waveguide sections 5.
The height of 2 U-bend waveguides 4 and the width of the 2 waveguide segments 2 twisted waveguide combination type of U-bend waveguide 4 are accurate flat
The relative change of the center line of face rectangular waveguide folded waveguide is more than 10% (not shown).
When electromagnetic wave frequency close to the mode of operation of the folded waveguide cut-off frequency when, Z axis and any one institute
The direction for stating the electric field that most shortwave leads electromagnetic wave at two common factors of periodic structure is identical.
Most shortwave is led in periodic structure described in each, and adjacent two twisted waveguides are not joined directly together mutually；The U-shaped
Waveguide bend 4 is H faces U-bend waveguide 4.
The upper surface flush of the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide；Here the twisted waveguide is closed
And formula directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, including all U-bend waveguides 4, all waveguide segments 2, and all twisted waveguide sections 5.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 5.
Compared with embodiment 1, it the difference is that only：
Here all U-bend waveguides 4 are E faces U-bend waveguide 4.During at each, most shortwave leads periodic structure, each two
Twisted waveguide is connected directly to each other one group of composition.It is not joined directly together mutually between two groups of twisted waveguides, specifically, adjacent 2 most shortwaves are led
Periodic structure is directly connected to；Each most shortwave leads the U-bend ripple that periodic structure is located at YZ planes both sides including at least 2 respectively
4 are led, for the recess of U-bend waveguide towards YZ planes, 2 U-bend waveguides 4 that same most shortwave is led in periodic structure use waveguide segment
Structure connects, and is connected between one end of U-bend waveguide 4 and one end of another U-bend waveguide 4 using waveguide segment structure,
Each described waveguide segment structure includes a waveguide segment 2 in Y-axis and 1 twisted waveguide section for being located at the one end of waveguide segment 2
5；Same most shortwave is led in periodic structure, and the one end of the U-bend waveguide 4 of Y-axis side is directly connected with waveguide segment 2, and Y-axis is another
The one end of the U-bend waveguide 4 of side is directly connected with twisted waveguide section 5, and whole twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folding
In folded waveguide, adjacent 2 twisted waveguide sections 5 are located at Y-axis both sides respectively；The twisted waveguide section 5 is connected by 2 L-shaped waveguide segment overlappings
Be connected together composition, and a L-shaped waveguide segment is in flip horizontal state compared to another L-shaped waveguide segment.
Several embodiments of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide are we illustrated above.At these
In example, in order to draw the convenience of schematic diagram, the periodicity of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide is 3-6
It is individual.In fact, in electromagnetic wave source, particularly in travelling-wave tubes, the week of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide
Issue can be with up to tens.Meanwhile in the embodiment more than, in order to process these twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangles
Waveguide folded waveguide is, it is necessary to take processing method, many interior angles such as wire cutting, number numerical-control turn-milling to need chamfered.These fall
Angle can have an impact to the performance of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, must be examined in Modeling Calculation
Consider.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, it is characterised in that set X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis to form
Rectangular coordinate system simultaneously meets the right-hand rule；O points are coordinate origin；The twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folds ripple
Lead at least two most shortwave including being sequentially communicated and repeating along Z-direction and lead periodic structure, most shortwave is led the cycle and referred in Z-direction
The length most short waveguide cycle；Adjacent 2 most shortwaves are led periodic structure and are directly connected to；Each most shortwave leads periodic structure at least
It is located at the U-bend waveguide (4) of YZ planes both sides respectively including 2；The recess of U-bend waveguide is towards YZ planes；Same most shortwave
The 2 U-bend waveguides (4) led in periodic structure are connected using waveguide segment structure；One end of one U-bend waveguide (4) with it is another
Connected between one end of individual U-bend waveguide (4) using waveguide segment structure；Each described waveguide segment structure is located at Y including one
Waveguide segment (2) and 1 twisted waveguide section (5) for being located at waveguide segment (2) side on axle；Same most shortwave is led in periodic structure, Y-axis
The one end of the U-bend waveguide (4) of side is directly connected with waveguide segment (2)；The one end of the U-bend waveguide (4) of Y-axis opposite side
Directly it is connected with twisted waveguide section (5)；And in whole twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, adjacent 2 torsions
Waveguide segment (5) is located at Y-axis both sides respectively；The twisted waveguide section (5) is linked together by 2 L-shaped waveguide segment overlappings and formed, one
L-shaped waveguide segment is in flip horizontal state compared to another L-shaped waveguide segment；Any most shortwave leads the both ends of the surface of periodic structure all
It is parallel with YZ planes；What the most shortwave led the both ends of the surface of periodic structure is shaped as rectangle；Any most shortwave leads cycle knot
The broadside of the both ends of the surface of structure is all parallel with Y direction；The upper table of the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide
Face flushes；Here the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide, including it is all U-bend waveguides (4), all
Waveguide segment (2), and all twisted waveguide sections (5).
2. a kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that deposit
The common factor that periodic structure is led in straight line an AB, the straight line AB parallel with Z axis and any one of most shortwave is mutual for two
Continuous the line segment CD and line segment EF not being joined directly together.
3. a kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide according to claim 2, it is characterised in that deposit
In at least one straight line electron beam passage (7) parallel to Z axis；The straight line electron beam passage (7) overlaps with the straight line AB；
The line segment CD and EF leads the maximum amplitude point of the electric-field intensity of electromagnetic wave in periodic structure by the most shortwave.
A kind of 4. twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide according to claim 2, when the frequency of electromagnetic wave
Rate close to the mode of operation of the folded waveguide cut-off frequency when, the straight line AB and any two are along the adjacent institute of Z-direction
State most shortwave and lead the phase difference of the electromagnetic wave at the common factor of periodic structure and level off to zero.
A kind of 5. twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
At least one form parameter of cross section at least one in all U-bend waveguides (4) is stated with the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane
The relative change of the center line of rectangular waveguide folded waveguide is more than 10%；At least one cross section in all waveguide segments (2)
At least one form parameter is more than with the relative change of the center line of the twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide
10%.
A kind of 6. twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
It is rectangular waveguide to state waveguide segment.
7. a kind of twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide according to claim 3, it is characterised in that straight
Line electron beam channel (7) runs through all waveguide segments (2).
A kind of 8. twisted waveguide combination type directrix plane rectangular waveguide folded waveguide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
It is E faces U-bend waveguide (4) to state U-bend waveguide (4).
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| CN101814657B (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2013-01-30 | 南京理工大学 | Low-loss microstrip patch frequency scanning antenna array capable of scanning by large angle in limited bandwidth |
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| CN103021770A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Internal-feedback-type terahertz traveling wave tube oscillator |
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