CN106121811B - Method for detecting a structural change in a drive belt - Google Patents

Method for detecting a structural change in a drive belt Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106121811B
CN106121811B CN201610291400.1A CN201610291400A CN106121811B CN 106121811 B CN106121811 B CN 106121811B CN 201610291400 A CN201610291400 A CN 201610291400A CN 106121811 B CN106121811 B CN 106121811B
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belt
determined
internal combustion
combustion engine
drive belt
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CN106121811A (en
Inventor
T.特泽比托夫斯基
B.克莱因
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Sanger Automotive Germany GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Sanger Automotive Germany GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/08Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing being of friction type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/10Safety devices
    • F02N11/108Safety devices for diagnosis of the starter or its components
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/01Monitoring wear or stress of gearing elements, e.g. for triggering maintenance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/20Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
    • F02N2300/2011Control involving a delay; Control involving a waiting period before engine stop or engine start
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/01Monitoring wear or stress of gearing elements, e.g. for triggering maintenance
    • F16H2057/014Monitoring wear or stress of gearing elements, e.g. for triggering maintenance of friction elements in transmissions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members with belts; with V-belts

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for detecting a change in the design of a drive belt of an internal combustion engine having a belt-driven starter generator, wherein a time interval (Delta t) between the start of a rotational movement of the belt-driven starter generator and the start of a rotational movement of the internal combustion engine is determined, wherein the determined time interval (Delta t) and a reference value (Delta t)Ref) A comparison is made from which the structural change of the drive belt is deduced.

Description

Method for detecting a structural change in a drive belt
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting structural changes, in particular lengthening and/or wear, in a drive belt of a device formed by an internal combustion engine and a belt-driven starter generator.
Background
In motor vehicles, the electric machine can be used as a so-called starter generator in order, on the one hand, to start the internal combustion engine during electric operation of the electric machine and, on the other hand, to generate a current for charging the onboard electrical system and the vehicle battery during generator operation of the electric machine. An electric machine of this type can be connected to the internal combustion engine or to the crankshaft via a drive belt, for example via a cogged drive belt of the internal combustion engine (so-called belt-driven starter generator, RSG).
The unique properties of the drive belt, such as its length, are usually adapted precisely to the system consisting of the starter generator, the internal combustion engine and, if necessary, other components connected to the drive belt, such as the fan or the coolant pump. Wear and lengthening of the drive belt can lead to a limitation of the function of the system, for example to a reduction in the pretensioning and thus to a reduction in the transmissible torque.
DE 10112568 a1 discloses a method for detecting slip in a drive of a starter generator system. In this case, slip is detected in a comparison stage, into which input variables that are dependent on the rotational speed, in particular the rotational speed of the three-phase current generator and the rotational speed of the crankshaft, are fed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the invention, a method for detecting structural changes in a device consisting of an internal combustion engine and a belt-driven starter generator, in particular the lengthening and/or wear of the drive belt, is proposed.
The method is used to determine the time interval between the start of the rotational movement of the belt-driven starter generator (precisely the rotor) and the start of the rotational movement of the internal combustion engine (precisely the crankshaft) and to deduce from a comparison of this time interval and a reference value a structural change of the drive belt, in particular a lengthening and/or wear of the drive belt. A change in the structure of the drive belt, for example a lengthening (in particular by ageing of the tension cords) or wear (for example wear of the drive belt surface, in particular of the ribs, whereby the drive belt for the belt drive becomes longer, or a change in the modulus of elasticity) affects the measured duration, so that a change in the structure of the drive belt can be inferred.
Advantages of the invention
The invention provides a possible solution which makes it possible to detect early a structural change of the drive belt which exceeds the permissible amount. It is not necessary to replace the drive belt at fixed specified time intervals or after a fixed specified number of operating hours. This prevents the drive belt from being replaced, which is only slightly lengthened/worn and can still be used, without safety risks. As an alternative, it is suitable to change the drive belt accordingly only if a change in the drive belt has been detected. The cost can be reduced and the material can be saved. Time consumption for unnecessary maintenance can also be avoided. In addition, the method can also be carried out using components which are usually already present. No additional sensors or the like are required.
Advantageously, the time interval between the start of the rotary motion of the belt-driven starter generator and the start of the rotary motion of the internal combustion engine can be taken into account for checking the change of the drive belt. The reason for this is that, starting from a standstill, when there is no torque in the belt drive and the load-carrying branch and the idle branch have the same tension, the load-carrying branch is first shortened after the start of the rotary motion of the starter generator and the idle branch is lengthened until the internal combustion engine is started. The time required for shortening and lengthening depends on the structure of the drive belt, in particular on the length of the drive belt and the condition of the drive belt.
The reference value is in particular a value representing the time interval for a new, non-lengthened and non-closed reference belt.
Preferably, the permissible amount of structural change of the drive belt is detected when the difference between the determined time interval and the reference value reaches or exceeds a threshold value. The degree of change of the drive belt can be inferred from the difference in size.
The time interval is advantageously determined when starting (i.e. cranking) the internal combustion engine by means of the starter generator. In particular, the time interval is determined each time the internal combustion engine is started. Thus, in particular, a trend of the time interval over time can be determined. As long as the starter generator is in rotational motion, torque is transmitted to the internal combustion engine via the drive belt. As soon as the torque is sufficiently high, in particular when it reaches or exceeds the so-called starting torque of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine starts to rotate.
Instead, the time interval is determined at the start of the internal combustion engine, in particular only if the internal combustion engine is not operated for a specific time period before the respective start in order to ensure that the drive belt and the belt tensioner are in their respective rest positions.
Preferably a number of time intervals are determined. For this purpose, the time intervals are determined in each case, in particular by starting the internal combustion engine in large numbers. In particular, the change in the drive belt is deduced from a large number of time intervals. The time intervals may for example have deviations from the measurement based on environmental conditions, such as different temperatures, humidity, frost. In particular, the determination and evaluation of a large number of time intervals can prevent erroneous conclusions about a change in the drive belt by temporarily reaching a threshold value as a result of unfavorable environmental conditions. Only when the threshold value is permanently reached is a change in the drive belt inferred.
A statistical analysis is preferably performed on a number of time intervals and compared to a reference value. The statistical mean is advantageously determined from a large number of time intervals and compared with a reference value. Preferably instead of or in addition to time series analysis. In particular, a trend or trend line of the time interval can be determined in the process.
The first time stamp is advantageously determined or received when the belt-driven starter generator starts a rotational movement. The second time stamp is preferably determined or received at the beginning of the rotational movement of the internal combustion engine. In particular, the first or second time stamp is determined by the respective control unit of the starter generator or of the internal combustion engine.
A time interval is determined from the first time stamp and the second time stamp. The determination of the time interval and the analysis of the time interval may be performed in the controller of the starter generator and/or in the controller of the internal combustion engine and/or in a further third controller. The respective time stamp is sent from the remaining controllers to this controller and received by this controller, depending on the determination in which controller, respectively, was made.
The controllers are connected to each other in a data-transmitting manner, in particular via a field bus, for example a CAN bus. In particular, the respective time stamp can be determined and transmitted synchronously with the clock of the field bus (for example synchronously with a1 MHz bus clock, which corresponds to an increment of 1 μ s). In particular, a time stamp of the fieldbus communication can be used.
A fault record is preferably established in the fault memory when a change in the drive belt is identified. Alternatively or additionally, a visual and/or audible message can preferably be output, for example, a warning light in the region of a dashboard of the motor vehicle can be activated. This may indicate to the driver of the vehicle that the drive belt should be replaced.
The computing unit according to the invention, for example a control unit of a motor vehicle, is provided in particular in terms of programming for carrying out the method according to the invention.
The implementation of the method in the form of a computer program is also advantageous, since this can result in particularly low costs, in particular when the implemented controller can also be used for other tasks and is therefore already provided. Suitable data carriers for supplying the computer program are, in particular, magnetic, optical and electrical memories, such as a hard disk, flash memory, EEPROM, DVD, etc. Downloading of the program via a computer network (internet, ethernet, etc.) is also possible.
Further advantages and embodiments of the invention emerge from the description and the enclosed drawing.
The invention is described below with the aid of some embodiments in the figures and with reference to the figures.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the schematic illustration shows a belt drive of a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a belt-driven starter generator, which belt drive is provided as a preferred embodiment for carrying out the method according to the invention.
FIG. 2: the diagram shows a belt drive of a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and a belt-driven starter generator which is operated in motoring operation and in generating operation.
FIG. 3: a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is diagrammatically shown in block diagram form.
FIG. 4: the diagram shows a schematic representation of the time intervals of a starting process of an internal combustion engine, which can be determined in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
FIG. 5: the diagram shows a belt drive of a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a belt-driven starter generator, wherein the internal combustion engine is started by means of the belt-driven starter generator when starting the internal combustion engine.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a belt drive of a motor vehicle, designated by reference numeral 100.
The internal combustion engine 110 of the motor vehicle has a crankshaft, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a crankshaft drive wheel 150. The crankshaft drive wheel 150 is designed, for example, as a belt reel.
The internal combustion engine 110 is connected to a belt-driven starter generator 130 via a belt 120, for example a wedge belt, for transmitting torque. The drive belt 120 engages in particular in a force-and/or form-fitting manner into the crankshaft drive wheel 150 and the drive wheel 131 of the starter generator 130. The transmission wheel 131 is non-rotatably connected to the rotor of the starter generator 130. The engine 110 is connected to other components 160, such as a fan or coolant pump, via a belt 120.
A first controller 115 is provided, in particular for controlling the internal combustion engine 110, and a second controller 135 is designed, in particular, for controlling the starter generator 130. The controllers 115 and 135 are connected to one another by a field bus 170, for example by a CAN bus, for data transmission. In particular, the first controller 115 is provided as a preferred embodiment for carrying out the method according to the invention. It should be noted that the second controller 135 may alternatively or additionally also be provided as a preferred embodiment for carrying out the method according to the invention.
As is known, a starter generator can be operated both in a motor-driven manner and in an electrical-generating manner. The drive belt must therefore be able to transmit torque in both directions. The drive belt is designed, for example, as a wedge-ribbed drive belt. Depending on whether the starter generator 130 is in motoring or generating operation, the load and idle legs of the belt 120 are shifted. Furthermore, a corresponding belt tensioner 140 is provided in order to pre-tension the drive belt 120. The belt tensioner 140 can be designed, for example, as a pendulum belt tensioner comprising, for example, two pendulum arms 141a and 141b, which are connected to one another, in particular, by a spring mechanism 143. The axes of rotation of the two swing arms 141a and 141b are, for example, collinear with the axis of rotation 132 of the transmission wheel 131 of the starter generator 130. Other embodiments of the oscillating belt tensioner or dual arm tensioner may have a shaft that is not collinear with the axis of rotation of the starter generator. This axis of rotation 132 of the drive wheel 131 is therefore at the same time the axis of rotation of the oscillating belt tensioner 120. Each swing arm 141a or 141b is connected to a tensioner 142a or 142b, respectively.
In fig. 2, a belt drive 100 is shown, similarly to fig. 1. The starter generator 130 is shown in fig. 2a as being in motoring operation and in fig. 2b as being in generating operation.
According to fig. 2a, the drive wheel 131 of the starter generator 130 is, for example, motor-driven with a rotational speed ω about the axis of rotation 132. In which case torque is transmitted from the starter generator 130 to the internal combustion engine 110 via the drive belt 120. Generation of drive torque M by starter generator 130m. In this case, the belt section of the drive belt 120 between the drive wheel 131 and the crankshaft drive wheel 150 forms the carrying branch 122, and the belt section between the drive wheel 131 and the further component 160 forms the idle branch 121.
According to fig. 2b, the drive wheel 131 rotates, for example, at a rotational speed ω during the power generating operation. In which case torque is transmitted from the internal combustion engine 110 to the starter generator 130 via the drive belt 120. Now no drive torque M is generated from starter generator 130mBut rather generates a braking torque Mg. Compared to the motorized operation, the positions of the load branch 122 and the idle branch 121 are reversed.
The position of the oscillating belt tensioner 140 and of the drive belt 120 is changed depending on which torque is generated by the starter generator 130. In this case, the arm of the oscillating belt tensioner 140 is rotated about the axis of rotation 132 in the direction of the carrying branch 122.
The particular characteristics of the drive belt 120, in particular its length, are precisely adapted to the system consisting of the internal combustion engine 110, the starter generator 130 and the other components 160. Wear and lengthening of the drive belt can lead to a limitation of the function of the belt drive 100, for example to a reduction in the pretensioning and thus a reduction in the torque that can be transferred.
In order to detect early structural changes of the drive belt 120 that exceed the permissible amount, for example, a controller 135 is provided for carrying out a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a block diagram of which is schematically shown in fig. 3.
In step 201, the belt drive 100 is in a stationary position, and neither the internal combustion engine 110 nor the starter generator 130 is running. In this case, the oscillating drive belt tensioner 140 is not offset and is in its rest position or in an intermediate position. The belt 120 is also in its rest position and is not offset.
The internal combustion engine 110 is started by means of the starter generator 130, for which purpose the starter generator 130 is operated in motoring mode. In step 202, starter generator 130 is set in rotational motion.
According to step 203, a first time stamp is determined by the second controller 135 as soon as the second controller 135 detects that the starter-generator 130 starts such a rotational movement.
The oscillating belt tensioner 140 and the drive belt 120 are deflected out of their respective rest positions by the torque generated in the starter generator 130. The load bearing branch becomes shorter and the idle load branch becomes longer. In step 204, the internal combustion engine 110 is also in rotational motion as long as the load-bearing branch is sufficiently tight. Typically, the onset of such rotational movement is detected by the first controller 115, for example by monitoring the crankshaft launch wheel. According to step 205, the first controller 115 generates a second time stamp and informs the second controller 135 of this stamp via the CAN bus. According to step 206, a time interval between the start of the rotation of the starter generator 130 and the internal combustion engine 110 is determined in the second controller 135 using the first and second time stamps.
This determination of the time interval, which is denoted by reference numeral 207, is repeated, in particular by means of the starter generator 130, each time the internal combustion engine 110 is started. A number of time intervals are thus determined, which may be stored, for example, in the second controller 135.
These time intervals are analyzed with each newly determined time interval and compared with reference values. For this purpose, a statistical analysis is performed in step 208 on the stored large number of time intervals. In particular for time series analysis. The trend of the time intervals can be determined by means of time series analysis.
When the analysis result shows that: a specific number of starting processes of the internal combustion engine 110 (for example at least five starting processes) is followed by a structural change exceeding the permissible amount of the drive belt 120 being detected when the difference between the respective specific time interval and the reference value reaches a threshold value. According to step 209, when a change in the design of the drive belt 120 is detected, a warning lamp in the dashboard region of the vehicle is activated and/or a fault record is established in a fault memory, for example.
In fig. 4 a diagram shows a diagram that can be determined during a statistical analysis of a time interval. The individual time intervals Δ t are each plotted on the basis of the associated starting process X, in which the time intervals are correspondingly determined. The trend or trend curve 301 for a particular time interval is determined as a linear function by time series analysis.
When at the corresponding specific time interval Δ t and its quasi-value Δ tRefIf the difference between the two exceeds a threshold value, this situation corresponds in particular to exceeding the maximum value Δ t allowed for the specific trend curve 301max. When the trend curve 301 passes through a particular number of start-up procedures (e.g., during start-up procedure X)1And X2In between) exceeds a maximum value Δ tmaxIf so, a structural change of the drive belt is detected which exceeds the permissible amount.
The mathematical relationship between the time intervals and the geometry of the belt drive is explained below with the aid of fig. 5, in which fig. 5, analogously to fig. 1 and 2, a part of the belt drive is shown diagrammatically at the start of the internal combustion engine 110 with the aid of the starter generator 130.
In fig. 5a, the belt drive is shown in a schematic representation at rest and is designated by reference numeral 100 a. The oscillating drive belt tensioner 140a and drive belt 120a are each in their rest positions. The belt drive is shown in fig. 5b after a time interval Δ t after the start of the rotary movement of the starter generator 130 and is denoted by reference numeral 100 b. In this case, the oscillating belt tensioner 140b is deflected and the load bearing branch is sufficiently shortened in order to put the internal combustion engine 110 into rotational motion.
In FIG. 5c the oscillating drive belt tensioner is shown in its rest position (140 a) and its corresponding offset position (140 b.) the offset oscillating drive belt tensioner 140b is offset by an offset angle of α relative to its rest position 140 a.
In particular the inertia J of the starter generator 130, counteracts the deflection of the oscillating belt tensioner 140. The variations of the torque M of the starter generator 130, its inertia J and the rotational speed ω of the starter generator 130 or its drive pulley 131 are in the following relationship with each other:
the angle of rotation of the starter generator 130 or its drive wheel 131 is determined from the following relationship
Figure 401555DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The time interval Δ t between the start of rotation of the starter generator 130 and the internal combustion engine 110 is derived from the following equation:
Figure 796765DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 611137DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
erfindicating the rotational angle required for starting the internal combustion engine 110 the starting torque required for starting the internal combustion engine 110 specifies in particular the required offset angle α of the belt tensioner 140erfIn particular the offset angle and the angle of rotation of the starter-generator 130
Figure 433599DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
And (4) in proportion.
The reference value for the time interval Δ t for a new, unclosed drive belt is located, for example, in the low millisecond (ms) range, which may be, for example, approximately 16 ms. Structural changes beyond the permissible amount of the drive belt lead to smaller pretensioning and in particular to pendulum drivesChange in the rest position of the belt tensioner thereby increasing the required offset angle αerfAnd the time interval deltat is increased.

Claims (9)

1. Method for detecting a structural change in a drive belt (120) of an internal combustion engine (110) having a belt-driven starter generator (130),
-wherein a time interval (Δ t) between the start of the rotational movement of the belt driven starter generator (130) and the start of the rotational movement of the internal combustion engine (110) is determined (206),
-wherein the determined time interval (Δ t) and the reference value (Δ t) are comparedRef) A comparison is made and a structural change of the drive belt (120) is deduced therefrom.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time interval (Δ t) is determined (206) when starting the internal combustion engine (110) by means of the belt-driven starter-generator (130).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of time intervals (Δ t) are determined (207), wherein the plurality of time intervals (Δ t) are statistically analyzed (208) and compared with reference values.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein during the statistical analysis (208) a statistical mean is determined from a plurality of time intervals (Δ t) and/or a time series analysis is performed.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a first time stamp is determined or received (203) at the beginning of the rotational movement of the belt-driven starter generator (130), wherein a second time stamp is determined (205) or received at the beginning of the rotational movement of the internal combustion engine (110), and wherein the time interval (Δ t) is determined (206) from the first time stamp and the second time stamp.
6. Method according to claim 1, wherein upon recognition (209) of a change in the structure of the drive belt, a fault record is established in a fault memory and/or visual and/or acoustic information is output.
7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the determined time interval (Δ t) and the reference value (Δ t) are determined asRef) When the difference reaches a threshold value, a structural change of the drive belt (120) is identified.
8. A computing unit (115) arranged for performing the method according to any of the preceding claims.
9. A storage medium readable by a machine, the storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for triggering a computing unit (115) to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when the computer program is implemented on the computing unit (115).
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DE102018221590B4 (en) * 2018-12-13 2023-10-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for detecting elongation of a power-transmitting chain between a drive and an output of a vehicle

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