CN1061078C

CN1061078C - Setting of soil water-retaining film

Info

Publication number: CN1061078C
Application number: CN98109070A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔湘浩
Original assignee: Jilin University
Current assignee: Jilin University
Priority date: 1998-06-03
Filing date: 1998-06-03
Publication date: 2001-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2018-06-03
Also published as: CN1201062A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technology of the setting of a soil water retaining film. A water retaining film of hybrid materials is compounded in a molecular level by natural nanometer materials and organic macromolecular materials. Once emulsion of film forming agents is spread on the soil, the emulsion automatically runs to a certain depth and generates a water retaining film. The present invention has the advantages of simple and convenient implementation, high film forming efficiency, low cost and no public harm, water can be saved and retained for many years only by one-off investment and one-off construction. The technology can be used for water saving and irrigation of sands, arid land and semiarid land, conversion of sands into paddy fields, tree planting, prairie repairing, leakage prevention of water reservoirs and water channels, groundwater pollution prevention, etc.

Description

The setting of soil water-retaining film

The invention belongs to the technology that is provided with of soil water-retaining film.

Human lives's the earth, 20% of land area is the desert, the land area of having cultivated only accounts for 8%.Along with Increase of population, human grain demand is also increasing day by day, and farming technique is all being improved in countries in the world at present, and breed improved seeds are increase the yield per unit area.If with semiarid, arid even desert area transformed, produce grain, will play important role to the mankind's sustainable development.China is semiarid, have 500,000,000 mu approximately to arid and desert, mainly is distributed in ground such as northeast, Inner Mongol, North China, northwest.The desert, arid and semi-arid lands's serious water shortage oozes under rainwater and irrigation water are a large amount of and is difficult to retain at upper soll layer.In order to address this problem, people have carried out multiple test, for example, at punja the back paving plastic film are dug out with 40 centimetres of degree of depth in the top layer, and are native in the backfill again, with following the oozing that prevents that water from dividing.Developed into afterwards pitch class petroleum product high pressure is injected soil layer, cooling forms difficult pervious bed, reaches the soil layer water conservation.But, these method complicated operations, the water conservation layer is airtight fully, and expense and labor capacity are all very big, are difficult to promote.See patent JP86-250085 recently, USP87-4637759, USP87-4690589 etc. utilize the water-sol of water-soluble polymer, water and spill in upper soll layer, generate the film technique of high-molecular gelization with the reaction of the solubility polyvalent cation in the soil.Though these patents have solved tedious problem, be to use a large amount of high molecular water-sols, and handy small amounts of inorganic material [Fe (OH) ₃, AI (OH) ₃Deng] as agent of film forming depth adjustment and strengthening agent.Its film forming is difficult, and cost is higher, and the big area of failing is promoted the use of.

The present invention utilizes inorganic nano material and organic polymer material, can be compounded to form the hybrid material water-retaining film by molecular level, in a single day the membrane-forming agent emulsion is watered and is spilt in soil, just generates water-retaining film to certain depth automatically, it is easy to implement, the film forming efficiency height, and starting material all are that pressed powder storing is convenient, easily metering, the cost of material is low, nuisanceless, only need one-time investment and one-off construction, just can economize on water for many years and water conservation.

Inorganic nano material used in the present invention is natural all kinds carclazyte, if you would take off soil, kaolin, lithium montmorillonite, polynary kaolin, halloysite, the anhydrous silicic acid aluminium ore, sepiolite and all kinds clay are as ceramic clay, Fuller's earth, fireclay, kaolinite clay, montmorillonitic clay, the hydromica clay, red clay, bauxite, diatomite etc.

They are mixed with weight percentage is that to add percentage ratio by weight after 0.01～0.7% the suspension be 0～0.5% alkali.

Macromolecular material used in the present invention is meant molecular-weight average 2,000～3,000,000 contain-OH ,-COOH ,-NH ₂Water-soluble polymer, mixture (ratio of mixture is 1: 100～0.001) as the vinylformic acid after polyacrylic acid, the alcoholysis and acetate ethylene copolymer (mole ratio is 1: 1～0.1), vinylformic acid and acrylamide copolymer (mole ratio is 1: 100～0.01), polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide, the mixture of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol (ratio of mixture is 1: 0.5～1) vinylformic acid, toxilic acid, fumaric acid, the multipolymer of unsaturated acid such as Ba Dousuan, propylenedicarboxylic acid etc.They are mixed with weight percentage is 0.01～0.8%.Water-soluble polymer must with the composite use of natural nano-material.

The weight ratio of natural nano and synthesized polymer material is 0.01～1.5 the two to be mixed and made into emulsion, water and spill in soil, just under form film naturally to certain depth when oozing.Also can add chemical fertilizer, the setting of not overslaugh water-retaining films such as agricultural chemicals or grass-seed, the seeds of trees as required.

The present technique wide application can be used for sand ground, arid, the water saving irrigation of half-dried nonirrigated farmland, sand ground and makes the paddy field into, plants trees, grassland reparation and reservoir, water channel leakproof and prevent groundwater pollution etc.

Embodiment 1

At first be that 2,600,000 polyacrylic acid is mixed with 0.1% water-sol 124ml and adds several polyacrylamides with relative molecular weight, again polynite is made the aqeous suspension 125ml of 0.1% concentration, add the NaOH aqueous solution 1ml of 1N, above-mentioned then solution is mixed into the 250ml emulsion, pours one meter long into, diameter is 5cm, be equipped with in the glass column of the high construction sand of 70cm and carry out film forming, behind the several minutes, pouring in the post again, water does not just down leak, and measuring its film forming degree of depth is 10cm.

Embodiment 2

Condition is with embodiment 1, and wherein NaOH changes into 3N ammoniacal liquor 1ml, and the film forming degree of depth is 19.5cm as a result.

Embodiment 3

Condition is with embodiment 2, and wherein changing ammonia concn is 6N, and vinylformic acid, makes into vinylformic acid and vinyl acetate between to for plastic copolymerization alcoholysate (copolymerization in 1: 1), and its film forming degree of depth is 59.8cm.

Embodiment 4

Condition is with embodiment 2, and wherein halloysite is changed in polynite, and the film forming degree of depth is 19.7cm as a result.

Embodiment 5

Condition is with embodiment 1, and a compound concentration is 0.2% polyacrylic acid water-sol 250ml, does not add inorganic nano material, and experimental result does not have film forming.

Embodiment 6

Condition makes sand in the glass column into general soil with embodiment 1, and the experimental result film forming degree of depth is 9.9cm.

Embodiment 7

Condition is only used the polymer water-sol 0.2% with embodiment 1,250ml, and whole peats that change the outfit on the glass column, and the result does not have film forming.At this moment pour in the peat with inorganic nano and polymer complex liquid 0.2% concentration 250ml, the result is in the 9.8cm film forming again.

Claims

1, a kind of method to set up of soil water-retaining film, it is characterized in that at first being natural various types of carclazytes and various types of clay with inorganic nano material, add alkali 0～0.5% after being mixed with 0.01～0.7% suspension, will contain-OH ,-COOH ,-NH ₂Water-soluble polymer, be mixed with 0.01～0.8% the aqueous solution, the composite weight ratio of natural nano-material and macromolecular material is 0.01～1.5, mixes, and waters to spill in soil just to generate molecule composite hybridization material water-retaining film to certain depth automatically.

2, as the method to set up of right 1 described soil water-retaining film, it is characterized in that natural clay is polynite or kaolin, hectorite, polynary kaolin, anhydrous silicic acid aluminium ore, sepiolite, clay is ceramic clay or Fuller's earth, fireclay, kaolinite clay, montmorillonitic clay, hydromica clay, red clay, bauxite, diatomite.

3,, it is characterized in that water-soluble polymer is the multipolymer of mixture, vinylformic acid and the toxilic acid of mixture, polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol of vinylformic acid after polyacrylic acid or the alcoholysis and acetate ethylene copolymer, vinylformic acid and acrylamide copolymer, polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide or fumaric acid, Ba Dousuan, propylenedicarboxylic acid as the method to set up of right 1 described soil water-retaining film.