CN106103061A - 用于制造由复合材料制成的部件的方法,部件包括形成力插入零件的至少一零件或局部厚度零件 - Google Patents

用于制造由复合材料制成的部件的方法,部件包括形成力插入零件的至少一零件或局部厚度零件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106103061A
CN106103061A CN201580012454.3A CN201580012454A CN106103061A CN 106103061 A CN106103061 A CN 106103061A CN 201580012454 A CN201580012454 A CN 201580012454A CN 106103061 A CN106103061 A CN 106103061A
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China
Prior art keywords
parts
main body
composite
prefabricated component
resin
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Pending
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CN201580012454.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
罗宾·曼德尔
帕特里克·邓利维
埃米莉·特鲁赛特
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Safran SA
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Safran SA
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Publication of CN106103061A publication Critical patent/CN106103061A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D29/00Power-plant nacelles, fairings, or cowlings
    • B64D29/06Attaching of nacelles, fairings or cowlings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/84Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524Joining profiled elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141Fibres of continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/74Moulding material on a relatively small portion of the preformed part, e.g. outsert moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0003Producing profiled members, e.g. beams
    • B29D99/0007Producing profiled members, e.g. beams having a variable cross-section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64FGROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F5/00Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • B64F5/10Manufacturing or assembling aircraft, e.g. jigs therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/48Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
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    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076Aircrafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于制造由复合材料制成的部件的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:将第一热固树脂和不连续长纤维的混合物预压制成预定形状,以形成第一预制件(220);预固化第一预制件(220),直到第一热固树脂的中间转换阶段对应于所述第一树脂凝固为止;移动第一预制件(220)朝向第二预制件(210),该第二预制件包括用第二热固树脂浸渍的连续纤维的纤维结构;第一和第二预制件(220、210)的聚合,以形成由复合材料制成的部件,该部件包括复合材料的主体,该主体包括由有机纤维加固的连续纤维的加强,该部件提供由复合材料制成的零件,该零件包括由有机基质加固的不连续长纤维制成的加强。

Description

用于制造由复合材料制成的部件的方法,部件包括形成力插 入零件的至少一零件或局部厚度零件
背景技术
本发明涉及由复合材料制成的部件的制造,该部件包括由基质致密的纤维加强,这些部件需要实现局部的力转移,像特别地航空器发动机机舱的前框架,机舱反向器梁和动力油缸支撑。
本发明应用的一些例子涉及特别地在部件主体的抗力平面的外侧上要局部地受到机械载荷的部件,以及要受到锻扁力(matting force)的部件,并且更通常地受到向附件进行力传递的部件。
图8示例了由复合材料制成的部件10的例子,该部件要受到局部地机械载荷,该部件10包括主体,这里对应于机翼外壳11和连接外壳11的T型支肋12。部件10的两个组件,也就是机翼外壳11和支肋12从由连续纤维制成的结构被分别地构建,例如,通过织物或2D编织获得该结构,该结构的纤维预浸渍有热固树脂。通过共固化实现支肋12和外壳11之间的连接,在炉或高压釜中固化期间,支肋和外壳的预浸渍纤维预制件彼此压靠。
然而,尽管外壳11和支肋12之间连接的实施,但是支肋对图8中箭头E所示的剥离力只有低的抗力。实际上,部件10在其支肋12和外壳11之间的连接处有弱化区域Zf,该弱化区域Zf对应于其中支肋12相对于它粘合的外壳11的表面具有高的曲率半径的区域。树脂丰富并且缺少纤维的该区域Zf弱化了支肋和外壳之间的连接,特别地对于在支肋上所施加的剥离力而言。
也需要有可行的方案,其可以通过组装组件而产生由复合材料制成的部件,该部件不包括在部件的组件之间的连接界面处的弱化区域。
发明内容
为此,根据本发明,提出了一种用于制造由复合材料制成的部件的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
-将第一热固树脂和不连续长纤维的混合物预压制成预定形状,以形成第一预制件;
-预固化第一预制件,直到第一热固树脂的中间转换阶段对应于所述第一树脂凝固为止;
-接触第一预制件和第二预制件,该第二预制件包括用第二热固树脂浸渍的连续纤维的纤维结构;
-第一和第二预制件的聚合,以形成由复合材料制成的部件,该部件包括由复合材料制成的主体,该主体包括由有机基质加固的连续纤维制成的加强,该部件提供由复合材料制成的零件,该零件包括由有机基质加固的不连续长纤维制成的加强。
因此,通过使用不连续长纤维和热固树脂的混合物,可以制造由复合材料制成的部件的一个或多个组件,该组件具有复杂的几何形状,完美地适合于由连续纤维制成的部件的其它组件的几何形状。通过这种方式,通过组装组件制造复合材料的部件,该部件具有在组件之间均质的连接界面。即使当其第一组件由不连续长纤维制成和受到来自于由连续纤维制成和连接第一组件的第二组件的抗力平面的不同方向上所施加的重复载荷时,所获得的部件具有增加的机械抗力。
根据本发明方法的一个特定方面,第一和第二树脂是相同的。在这种情况下,第一和第二树脂选自与预浸渍应用相容的环氧类型树脂,诸如Hexcel M21、Hexcel8552、HexcelM42、Cytec Cycom 977–B、Hexcel M77产品,氰酸盐酯类型树脂和聚双马来酰亚胺(BMI)类型树脂。
根据本发明的另一个特定的方面,第一和第二树脂是不同的。在这种情况下,它们可以特别地分别选自与预浸渍应用相容的至少环氧树脂,诸如Hexcel M21、Hexcel 8552、Hexcel M42、Cytec Cycom 977–B、Hexcel M77产品,氰酸盐酯类型树脂和聚双马来酰亚胺(BMI)类型树脂。
根据用于制造受到锻扁力的复合材料的部件的本发明的特定应用,该方法还包括钻孔由复合材料制成的部件的主体和零件以允许穿过附件螺钉的步骤。
本发明作为其目的也具有结构部件,其包括复合材料制成的主体和至少一个零件,该主体包括由第一有机基质致密的连续纤维制成的加强,该至少一个零件包括由第二有机基质致密的不连续长纤维制成的加强,所述零件包括与部件的主体连续接触的至少一个表面。
零件和主体之间的连接界面是均质和连续的(在两个组件之间的连续接触和界面处沿着界面整个长度,没有树脂丰富和缺少纤维的区域),零件可以受到机械载荷和锻扁力,并且将由这些载荷所引起的力转移给主体,不会有零件和主体之间连接破裂的风险,即使在不同于主体的抗力平面方向的方向上在部件上施加载荷时,由部件加强中连续纤维的方向限定该抗力平面。
根据本发明的一个特定方面,由相同热固树脂形成第一和第二有机基质。
根据本发明部件的另一个特定方面,由不同热固树脂形成第一和第二有机基质。
在部件必须实施局部力转移的情况下,零件可以形成引入力的零件。
可替代地,在受到锻扁力的由复合材料制成的部件的情况下,零件可以形成主体的局部增厚零件。该局部增厚零件由此允许局部地增加部件的横截面,以改进其对锻扁力的抗力,但是不增加结构的整体质量。
在这种情况下,主体和局部增厚零件可以分别提供有钻孔,该钻孔彼此对齐用于穿过附件螺钉。同样地,部件可以包括主体和两个部件增厚的零件,每个零件具有与部件主体的不同面连接接触的表面。
根据本发明的部件可以特别地对应于选自至少下列部件之一的航空器的结构部件:航空器发动机的机舱的前框架、反向器梁和动力油缸支撑。
附图说明
从非限制性实施例参考附图所给出的本发明特定实施方式的下面描述将揭示本发明的其它特征和描述。
图1是符合本发明的一个实施方式的由复合材料制成的结构部件的立体示意图。
图2是图1部件的引入力零件的预制件的立体图。
图3是图1部件的主体的预制件的立体图。
图4是立体分解图,表示图2的引入力零件的预制件与图3的主体的预制件的接触。
图5是在符合本发明一个实施方式的图1部件的制造方法中实施步骤的流程图。
图6是符合本发明另一个实施方式的复合材料制成的结构部件的立体图。
图7是根据变化实施方式,图6的结构部件的立体图。
图8是根据现有技术由复合材料制成的部件的剖面图。
具体实施方式
本发明通常地应用于由复合材料制成的部件的制造,该部件包括由有机基质致密的纤维加强,所述部件包括主体,主体上存在一个或多个零件,这些零件中的每个零件可用于将力局部地引入到部件中或者完成力传递到到另一个部件的附件。
图1示例了部件100,其对应于通常的结构部件,并且包括长形的主体100和零件120,这里该零件120形成引入力的零件。零件120特别地要局部地受到机械载荷,在主体的加强中连续纤维的方向所限定的不同于主体抗力平面方向的方向上可以施加该机械载荷。零件120可以特别地连接一种装置,例如动力油缸,或者另一个部件,该另一个部件在零件120将力局部地引入到部件100中.
这两个组件由复合材料制成,该组件包括有机基质致密的纤维加强。然而,根据本发明,并且如此后详述的,主体110的纤维加强包括连续纤维,而局部引入力零件120的纤维加强包括不连续长纤维。
部件100的制造开始于局部引入力零件120的预制件220的制造(图2)。通过预压制用热固树脂预浸渍的不连续长纤维,获得预制件120。不连续长纤维具有包括在8和100mm之间的长度。可以由下列材料之一制造纤维:玻璃、碳、金属、陶瓷。通过长丝的挤压或微拉挤成型切割成相同或随机长度的段,可以形成纤维。对于碳或陶瓷纤维,可以使用碳或陶瓷(纤维前体)的聚合物前体,根据期望获得的纤维长度,聚合物前体沉积在板上,并且通过已知方式热处理它以获得碳或陶瓷纤维。在金属或玻璃纤维的情况下,可以从一块材料切割这些。对于适合的纤维材料,可以通过单向网冲压或压制或者通过在冲床上电铸成形来形成这些。
可以单独地用热固树脂预浸渍不连续的长纤维,即,在它们的制造期间,或者一起浸渍预定量的干纤维与热固树脂。
一旦预浸渍,在模具中预压制不连续的长纤维,该模具具有对应于引入力零件120的最终形状的形状(步骤S1)。
预压制成形的纤维然后受到预固化处理(步骤S2)。使用“预固化”,这里其意指热固树脂的热处理,允许引起热固树脂到对应于树脂的预聚合的中间转换,其具有足以获得预制件220的固相,能够保持接近引入力零件120的最终几何形状的形状。通过加热树脂达到允许引发树脂聚合的温度以及经过允许不连续的长纤维维持在它们压制状态的时间期间,获得该预固化。可以获得足够刚性预制件的进展程度取决于部件的几何形状,并且可以通过在15%和50%之间的聚合度估算。
然后,进行预制件210的制造,该预制件210要后来形成部件100的主体110,这开始于要形成主体110的纤维加强的纤维结构的形成(步骤S3)。
在这里所述的实施例中,通过堆叠连续纤维层获得纤维结构,该连续纤维可以具有单向纤维层、织物、编带、编结、毛毡、网的形式或其它。例如,通过缝合,通过植入金属丝或刚性元件或通过针刺层可以将层链接在一起。
通过连续纤维的纱线之间的多层编织也可以获得纤维结构。通过提花机类型织机连续地完成该编织,在该织机上设置多层的经纱线或股的阵列,经纱线连接纬纱线。多层编织特别地可以是带有“联锁”编织的编织,即,一种编织法,其中每层纬纱线连接几层经纱线,同时一列纬纱的所有纱线在编织平面中具有相同的移动。可以使用其它已知类型的多层编织法,如特别地在文献WO 2006/136755中所述的这些编织法,其内容在这里并入为参考文献。
构成纤维结构的连续纤维特别地是耐火纤维,即,由陶瓷制成的纤维,例如碳化硅(SiC)纤维、碳纤维甚或由耐火氧化物制成的纤维,例如氧化铝(Al2O3)纤维。纤维也可以是玻璃或金属纤维。在这里所述的实施例中,纤维结构由碳纤维所制成的纤维层制成。
一旦结束,就用热固树脂浸渍纤维结构,然后压制成形,以调整它为主体的最终形状和增加其中纤维的含量(步骤S4,图3)。根据本发明方法的一个变化实施方式,要形成部件100的主体110的加强的纤维结构可以由已经浸渍有树脂的连续纤维制成,该树脂要形成主体的基质。
引入力的零件120的预制件220然后与主体110的预制件210接触(步骤S5,图4)。然后,进行组合件的聚合,即,预制件220的树脂的聚合的结束以及预制件210的完全聚合(步骤S6)。可以通过不同方式完成预制件的接触和聚合。
例如,在预制件210的压制模塑操作期间,预制件220可以压靠预制件210,例如在固化后炉中,在模具中或外面,完全地或部分地完成聚合。
根据一个变化实施方式,可以在要形成主体110的加强的纤维结构浸渍之前应用引入力的零件120的预制件220。在这种情况下,预制件210是所谓的“干”预制件,因为它还没有包含热固树脂,通过称为RTM(“树脂传递模塑”)的公知的传递模塑方法可完成预制件210的浸渍以及预制件210和220的聚合。根据RTM方法,干纤维预制件210放置在模具中,该模具具有待要被制造的主体的形状,具有特定的定位用于维持预制件220在合适位置。将热固树脂注射到包括预制件210的模具的内空间。在注射树脂的地方和释放后者的开口之间的该内空间中通常建立压力梯度,以通过树脂控制和优化预制件的浸渍。例如在固化后炉中,在模具中或外面,完全地或部分地完成预制件210和220的聚合。
使用“预制件的聚合”这里意指允许交联循环引发的热处理,该热处理允许硬化(共固化)预制件220的第一预固化树脂和预制件210的第二树脂,并且因此以形成部件100的复合材料的基质。在该交联循环期间,在第一和第二树脂之间界面处产生共价键,形成交联点的均质网络,使得该界面是机械抗性的。
然后,获得图1的部件100,包括由复合材料制成的主体110和由复合材料制成的局部引入力的零件120,该主体110包括第一有机基质致密的连续纤维的加强,该零件120包括不连续的长纤维,所谓的DLF和第二有机基质制成的加强。
零件120和主体110之间的连接界面是均质和连续的(在整个界面上两个组件之间的界面和连续接触处没有缺少纤维的树脂丰富的区域),零件120可以受到机械载荷,并且将由这些载荷引起的力转移给主体110,而不会有零件120和主体110之间连接破裂的风险,在不同于主体加强中连续纤维的方向限定的主体110的抗力平面方向的方向上,在零件120上施加载荷时,也是这样,
本发明的方法特别地适于由复合材料制成的部件的制造,该部件包括长形主体(连续纤维制成的加强,确保主体的长形平面中良好的机械抗性),其必须在引入力的零件处完成局部力转移。
步骤S1和S2,包括零件在与主体接触之前,零件120的制造,以及包括形成主体的预制件步骤S3和S4,当然地可以平行地实施。
根据本发明的一个方面,用于分别地形成局部引入力的元件和主体的热固树脂可以是相同的,并且特别地选自下列热固树脂:与预浸渍应用相容的环氧类型树脂,诸如Hexcel M21、Hexcel 8552、Hexcel M42、Cytec Cycom 977–B、Hexcel M77产品,氰酸盐酯类型树脂和聚双马来酰亚胺(BMI)树脂。
例如,在树脂Hexcel 8552的情况下,在180℃温度,在压力下进行预固化10分钟,在材料中施加包括在20和100巴之间的压力,以获得其最终状态。在预浸渍层压材料的正常聚合后,就是在通常包括在3和10巴之间压力下,在180℃,2小时,然后发生了共固化(例如,在高压釜中)。
根据本发明的另一个方面,用于分别地形成局部引入力的元件和主体的热固树脂可以是不同的。在这种情况下,所用树脂特别地可以选自上述树脂中的至少一种。
例如,在两种不同的环氧树脂的情况下,在位于120℃和180℃之间的温度,在压力下实施预固化包括在5和15分钟之间的时间期间,同时在材料上施加20和100巴之间的压力,以获得其最终状态。该范围根据树脂的性质以及预制件的几何形状。
在预浸渍层压材料的正常聚合循环后,就是在通常包括在3和10巴之间压力下,在120℃或180℃,约2小时,然后发生共固化(例如,在高压釜中)。优选地使用具有同等聚合温度的树脂。
图6示例了本发明的另一个实施方式,其中部件100’对应于受到锻扁力的结构部件。该部件包括基本平和长形形状的主体110’以及一个或多个零件120’,其在这里形成主体的局部增厚段
零件120’和主体特别地要有附件螺钉穿过它们(图6中未示)以连接部件100’与另一个部件,例如致动器或联结器,诸如在公开文献FR 2986212中描述的推力反向器系统中所用的那些。而且,零件120’受到对应于将力传递给附件的锻扁力。
这种部件100’的制造方法在所有点上都与之前描述的部件100的制造相同。特别地,所获得的部件100’包括由复合材料制成的主体110’以及由复合材料制成的一个或多个局部增厚零件120’,该主体110’包括由第一有机基质致密的连续纤维制造的加强,该零件120’每个都包括由不连续长纤维,所谓的DLF和第二有机基质致密的加强。
在制造方法结束时,制造穿过部件的零件120’和主体110’的钻孔130’,以允许附件螺钉穿过它们(图中未示),该零件120’形成局部增厚零件。一旦零件组装到主体,优选地机械加工这些钻孔130’,以确保应力均匀地分布。然而,可以在它们组装之前,完成对零件120’的更小尺寸的预钻孔,以方便它们定位在主体上。
图7示例了变化形式,其中部件100”具有两个零件120’,它们定位在部件的主体110’的两个相对面上,在其相同位置,以形成主体的双增厚零件。这些零件和主体在这里被钻孔以允许附件螺钉的穿过(未示出)。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于制造由复合材料制成的部件的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
-将第一热固树脂和不连续长纤维的混合物预压制成预定形状,以形成第一预制件(220);
-预固化第一预制件(220),直到第一热固树脂的中间转换阶段对应于所述第一树脂凝固为止;
-接触第一预制件(220)和第二预制件(210),该第二预制件包括用第二热固树脂浸渍的连续纤维的纤维结构;
-第一和第二预制件(220、210)的聚合,以形成由复合材料制成的部件(100、100’、100”),该部件包括由复合材料制成的主体(110、110’),该主体包括由有机基质加固的连续纤维制成的加强,该部件提供由复合材料制成的零件(120、120’),该零件包括由有机基质加固的不连续长纤维制成的加强。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于第一和第二树脂是相同的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于第一和第二树脂选自至少下列树脂:环氧类型树脂、氰酸盐酯类型树脂和聚双马来酰亚胺(BMI)类型树脂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于第一和第二树脂是不同的。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于它还包括钻孔由复合材料制成的部件的主体和零件以允许穿过附件螺钉的步骤。
6.一种结构部件(100、100’、100”),其包括由复合材料制成的主体(110、110’)和至少一个零件(120、120’),该主体包括由第一有机基质致密的连续纤维制成的加强,该至少一个零件包括由第二有机基质致密的不连续长纤维制成的加强,所述零件(120、120’)包括与部件的主体连续接触的至少一个表面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的部件,其特征在于第一和第二有机基质由相同的热固树脂形成。
8.根据权利要求6所述的部件,其特征在于第一和第二有机基质由不同的热固树脂形成。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一权利要求所述的部件(100),其特征在于零件形成引入力的零件(120)。
10.根据权利要求6至8中任一权利要求所述的部件(100’、100”),其特征在于零件形成主体的局部增厚的零件(120’)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的部件,其特征在于主体和局部增厚的零件分别地提供有钻孔(130’),这些钻孔彼此对齐以穿过附件螺钉。
12.根据权利要求10至11中任一权利要求所述的部件(100”),其特征在于它包括主体(110’)和两个局部增厚的零件(120’),每个零件具有与部件的主体的不同面连续接触的表面。
13.根据权利要求6至12中任一权利要求所述的部件,其特征在于它对应于选自下列部件中至少之一的航空器的结构部件:航空器发动机机舱的前框架、机舱的反向器梁和动力油缸支撑。
CN201580012454.3A 2014-07-07 2015-07-02 用于制造由复合材料制成的部件的方法,部件包括形成力插入零件的至少一零件或局部厚度零件 Pending CN106103061A (zh)

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