CN106100770B - A kind of noise coefficient measuring method based on two kinds of detecting ways - Google Patents
A kind of noise coefficient measuring method based on two kinds of detecting ways Download PDFInfo
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- CN106100770B CN106100770B CN201610348415.7A CN201610348415A CN106100770B CN 106100770 B CN106100770 B CN 106100770B CN 201610348415 A CN201610348415 A CN 201610348415A CN 106100770 B CN106100770 B CN 106100770B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/318—Received signal strength
- H04B17/327—Received signal code power [RSCP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/336—Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of noise coefficient measuring methods based on two kinds of detecting ways, belong to technical field of measurement and test, the power that the present invention is obtained according to two kinds of detecting ways of average value and virtual value, calculate the noise power of vector network analyzer itself generation, according to noise power and the relation of noise coefficient, the noise coefficient of vector network analyzer is obtained；Then measured piece is connected, the total noise power of measured piece and vector network analyzer generation and the gain of measured piece is measured, calculates measured piece and the cascade noise coefficient of vector network analyzer；The noise coefficient of measured piece is finally calculated according to the cascading equations of noise coefficient.The measurement of the invention for being not required accurate scaled noise source that can realize noise coefficient, it is not necessary to configure Noise Factor Analyzer, can realize the high-precision of noise coefficient, quick scanning survey, save testing cost；And noise bandwidth can be offset in calculating process, overcome adverse effect of the bandwidth accuracy to measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of measurement and test, and in particular to a kind of noise-factor measurement side based on two kinds of detecting ways
Method.
Background technology
Noise coefficient is that characterization receiver and its building block handle small-signal energy in the presence of having thermal noise
One of key parameter of power.It is small that the bit error rate (BER) and noise coefficient (NF) in receiver system all characterize receiver processing
The ability of signal, wherein noise coefficient can not only characterize the performance of entire receiver system, can also be used to characterize receiver
The noiseproof feature of all parts (such as preamplifier, frequency mixer, intermediate frequency amplifier component) in system, therefore noise coefficient
It measures the research and development for product and manufactures all very crucial.
The most common method of noise-factor measurement at present is Y factor method (being also cold/heat source method).Y factor method uses one
The noise source of precision calibration, provides two known input noise level, by noise under noise source on and off two states
Power measurement can calculate the noise coefficient of measured piece.Noise Factor Analyzer uses Y factor method, when noise source has well
Source match and when can be directly connected to DUT, the high certainty of measurement of this method.
The another method of noise coefficient is known as low-temperature receiver method, and this method is suitable for vector network analyzer test noise coefficient,
Source calibration method of this method based on vector error collimation technique and PNA-X uniquenesses is combined, and can be obtained industry rs most
Noise-factor measurement precision.
Both the above method user must configure Noise Factor Analyzer and (or be built in the special of vector network analyzer and make an uproar
Acoustic receiver module) and the accurate noise source calibrated, testing cost height.
In the prior art with the most similar implementation of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, this method is based on signal generator and letter
Number analyzer carries out noise-factor measurement, need not accurate calibration noise source.
(1) measuring principle：
This method is input one 50 Ω matched load of termination in measured piece, measures the noise power of its output terminal
(No), according to the definition of noise coefficient, noise coefficient is calculated with following formula：
Wherein：The gain of G-measured piece；
K-Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10-23J/k)；
T0- standard noise temperature (290K)；
B-receiver bandwidth (unit Hz).
(2) measuring process：
1) such as Fig. 1 connecting test systems, and preheat abundant.The frequency of setting signal analyzer is Frequency point of concern,
The bandwidth of signal analyzer is reduced to 1kHz, connects matched load in the input port of signal analyzer, it is ensured that carry out enough surveys
Number is tried to obtain optimal mean values；
2) reading is converted into W from dBm, and divided by resolution bandwidth to obtain signal analyzer in respective frequencies point normalizing
The noise power spectral density numerical value of change, uses NsaIt represents, the receiving channel gain of signal analyzer is 1, the machine of signal analyzer
Noise coefficient is denoted as F2, then：
3) matched load is changed, connects the output of measured piece to signal analyzer；One is exported by signal generator
The input of low power pumping signal to measured piece (generally requires the amplitude of input signal should be lower than measured piece 1dB compression points
10dB), the amplitude output signal of measured piece is measured with signal analyzer, so as to obtain the gain G of measured pieceDUT；
4) driving source for removing measured piece input port is changed to matched load, obtains total output noise during connection measured piece
Power, by result divided by resolution bandwidth to obtain measured piece and the normalized total noise power spectrum density number of signal analyzer
Value, uses NmIt represents；Measured piece and the cascade noise coefficient of signal analyzer are denoted as F12, then：
5) by above-mentioned F2、F12And gain GDUTNumerical value brings the cascading equations of noise coefficient into, can obtain the noise coefficient of measured piece
FDUT：
The noise coefficient that measured piece is represented with dB can be obtained to the formula arrangement in step 5)：
With the implementation of the most similar Fig. 1 of the present invention, major defect：
1) can only point-frequency measurement, measuring speed is slow, and measurement process is complicated, and the manual operand of user is big；
2) the Measurement bandwidth accuracy of signal analyzer has a certain impact to measurement accuracy.
The content of the invention
For the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of making an uproar based on two kinds of detecting ways
Sound coefficient measuring method, design is reasonable, overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, measuring speed is fast, measurement process is succinct.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of noise coefficient measuring method based on two kinds of detecting ways, using vector network analyzer, including walking as follows
Suddenly：
Step 1：Vector network analyzer is preheated, and its ginseng including measurement frequency scope and bandwidth is set
Number；
Step 2：To the carry out source output power calibration of vector network analyzer and full two-port calibration；
Step 3：Start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer and average value detecting way, according to two kinds of detections
The measurement result of mode calculates the noise power N that vector network analyzer itself generatesVNA-add；
Step 4：According to formula (1), the noise coefficient of vector network analyzer is calculated, is denoted as FVNA；
NVNA-add=(FVNA-1)GVNAkT0B (1)；
Wherein, NVNA-addThe noise power generated for vector network analyzer itself；GVNAFor connecing for vector network analyzer
Receive the gain of passage；K is Boltzmann constant；T0For standard noise temperature；B is the band of the receiving channel of vector network analyzer
It is wide；
Step 5：Measured piece is accessed between the source output terminal mouth and receiving channel of vector network analyzer, starts S parameter
Thread is measured, measures the available gain G of measured pieceDUT；
Step 6：Start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer and average value detecting way, according to two kinds of detections
The measurement result of mode calculates the total noise power N that measured piece and vector network analyzer generateDUT+VNA；
Step 7：According to formula (2), measured piece and the cascade noise coefficient of vector network analyzer are calculated, is denoted as F12；
NDUT+VNA=(F12-1)GDUTGVNAkT0B (2)；
Wherein, NDUT+VNAThe total noise power generated when being cascaded for measured piece and vector network analyzer；F12For measured piece
With the cascade noise coefficient of vector network analyzer；GDUTFor the available gain of measured piece；GVNAFor connecing for vector network analyzer
Receive the gain of passage；K is Boltzmann constant；T0For standard noise temperature；B is the reception of measured piece and vector network analyzer
Bandwidth when passage cascades, in measurement, the band of requirement measured piece is wider than the bandwidth of the receiving channel of vector network analyzer,
Cascade the bandwidth that bandwidth depends on the receiving channel of vector network analyzer；
Step 8：By FVNA、GDUTAnd F12The cascading equations of noise coefficient are substituted into, calculate the noise coefficient of measured piece：
Wherein, FDUTFor the noise coefficient of measured piece.
Preferably, in step 3, specifically include
Step 3.1：Start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer and average value detecting way, vector network point
Frequency component before analyzer detection includes signal and noise two parts, is denoted as xi, then
xi=s+ni(3)；
Wherein：xiFor the amplitude summation of signal and noise；S is signal amplitude；niFor noise amplitude；
Step 3.2：Start the average value detection mode of vector network analyzer, can obtain：
Wherein, M is sampling number；
Step 3.3：Start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer, can obtain：
Step 3.4：Formula (4) and (5) are subtracted each other, can be obtained：
Step 3.5：By the formula (6) in step 3.4, the noise power N of vector network analyzer can be obtainedVNA-add：
Wherein, RLRepresent system impedance.
Measuring principle of the present invention is as follows：
The present invention carries out source output power calibration and full two-port calibration to vector network analyzer first, passes through the present invention
The power that two kinds of detecting ways of average value and virtual value of proposition obtain calculates the noise of vector network analyzer itself generation
Power according to noise power and the relation of noise coefficient, calculates the noise coefficient that vector network analyzer itself generates；Then
Measured piece is connected, the total noise power of measured piece and vector network analyzer generation and the available gain of measured piece is measured, calculates
Go out measured piece and the cascade noise coefficient of vector network analyzer；Finally measured piece is calculated according to the cascading equations of noise coefficient
Noise coefficient.
Advantageous effects caused by the present invention：
The present invention proposes a kind of noise coefficient measuring method based on two kinds of detecting ways, compared with prior art, this
Invention is suitable for vector network analyzer measurement noise coefficient, and the present invention is not required accurate scaled noise source that can realize and makes an uproar
The measurement of sonic system number, it is not necessary to configure Noise Factor Analyzer, can realize the high-precision of noise coefficient, quick scanning survey, save
About testing cost；And noise bandwidth can be offset in calculating process, overcome in the prior art with the most similar side of the present invention
Case is in power spectral density transfer process, influence of the signal analyzer bandwidth accuracy to measurement accuracy.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the hardware elementary diagram that most close noise coefficient existing and of the invention tests system.
Fig. 2 is the hardware elementary diagram that noise coefficient of the present invention tests system.
Fig. 3 is a kind of FB(flow block) of the noise coefficient measuring method based on two kinds of detecting ways of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is described in further detail the present invention：
Measuring principle of the present invention is as follows：
The principle of this method is the relation of noise power and noise coefficient based on Linear Network itself generation, it is necessary to accurate
Measure the noise power of gain and measured piece itself generation of measured piece.
Nadd=(F-1) GkT0B (8)
Wherein：NaddThe noise power that-measured piece itself generates；
The noise coefficient of F-measured piece；
The gain of G-measured piece；
K-Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10-23J/K)；
T0- standard noise temperature (290K)
B-receiver bandwidth.
The present invention is suitable for vector network analyzer, can be with by the advanced error correcting technology of vector network analyzer
Accurately measure the gain G of measured pieceDUT。
Computational methods of the invention for convenience of description are sweared with representatives such as wave filter, low-converter, the A/D in Fig. 2 dotted line frames
Network Analyzer receiver core cell is measured, can be regarded as unified entirety.Frequency component before detection includes signal
With noise two parts, x is denoted asi：
xi=s+ni(3)；
Wherein：xiFor the amplitude summation of signal and noise；S is signal amplitude；niFor noise amplitude；
By average value detection, can obtain：
Wherein, M is sampling number；
By virtual value detection, can obtain：
The difference of two kinds of wave detector square values can be drawn by formula (4) and (5)：
Section 1 represents the root-mean-square value of noise voltage on the right of equation (6), and Section 2 represents being averaged for average noise voltage
Value, from the regularity of distribution of the voltage of broadband noise, when average time M is enough, the second entry value is zero.
This makes it possible to obtain the noise power N of network building-outadd：
RLSystem impedance is represented, the additive noise power of measured piece can be accurately obtained by calibration of power technology.
The noise coefficient of measured piece can be obtained by formula (8) network building-out noise power, noise coefficient and gain relationship.
The noise coefficient measuring method (as shown in Figure 3) based on two kinds of detecting ways, includes the following steps：
Step 1：System is tested according to Fig. 2 connections noise coefficient, removes measured piece, vector network analyzer is carried out pre-
Heat, and its parameter including measurement frequency scope and bandwidth is set；
Step 2：Source output power calibration and full two-port calibration are carried out to vector network analyzer；
Step 3：Start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer and average value detecting way, according to two kinds of detections
The measurement result of mode calculates the noise power N that vector network analyzer itself generatesVNA-add；
Step 4：According to formula (1), the noise coefficient of vector network analyzer is calculated, is denoted as FVNA；
NVNA-add=(FVNA-1)GVNAkT0B (1)；
Wherein, NVNA-addThe noise power generated for vector network analyzer itself；GVNAFor connecing for vector network analyzer
Receive the gain of passage；K is Boltzmann constant；T0For standard noise temperature；B is the band of the receiving channel of vector network analyzer
It is wide；
Step 5：Measured piece is accessed between the source output terminal mouth and receiving channel of vector network analyzer, starts S parameter
Thread is measured, measures the available gain G of measured pieceDUT；
Step 6：Using the method as same step 3, start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer and be averaged
It is worth detecting way, according to the measurement result of two kinds of detecting ways, calculates the overall noise that measured piece and vector network analyzer generate
Power NDUT+VNA；
Step 7：According to formula (2), measured piece and the cascade noise coefficient of vector network analyzer are calculated, is denoted as F12；
NDUT+VNA=(F12-1)GDUTGVNAkT0B (2)；
Wherein, NDUT+VNAThe total noise power generated when being cascaded for measured piece and vector network analyzer；F12For measured piece
With the cascade noise coefficient of vector network analyzer；GDUTFor the available gain of measured piece；GVNAFor connecing for vector network analyzer
Receive the gain of passage；K is Boltzmann constant；T0For standard noise temperature；B is the reception of measured piece and vector network analyzer
Bandwidth when passage cascades, in measurement, the band of requirement measured piece is wider than the bandwidth of the receiving channel of vector network analyzer,
Cascade the bandwidth that bandwidth depends on the receiving channel of vector network analyzer；
Step 8：By FVNA、GDUTAnd F12Substitute into the cascading equations of noise coefficient：It calculates tested
The noise coefficient of part：
Wherein, FDUTFor the noise coefficient of measured piece.
The present invention carries out calculation process using two kinds of detecting ways of average value and virtual value, the noise without precision calibration
Source as long as providing continuous wave signal, by average value detection and virtual value detection to the difference of signal and noise response, is counted respectively
What the noise power and measured piece and vector network analyzer cascade that calculating vector network analyzer itself generates generated always makes an uproar
Acoustical power；Then according to noise power and the relation of noise coefficient, calculate respectively the noise coefficient of vector network analyzer with
And noise coefficient when measured piece and vector network analyzer cascade；Again line is measured by starting vector network analyzer S parameter
Journey measures the gain of measured piece；The noise coefficient of measured piece is finally calculated according to the cascading equations of noise coefficient.
The measurement of the invention for being not required accurate scaled noise source that can realize noise coefficient, it is not necessary to configure noise coefficient point
Analyzer can realize the high-precision of noise coefficient, quick scanning survey, save testing cost；And noise bandwidth is in calculating process
In can offset, overcome in the prior art with the most similar scheme of the present invention in power spectral density transfer process, signal point
Influence of the analyzer bandwidth accuracy to measurement accuracy.
Certainly, above description is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made in the essential scope of the present invention should also belong to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of noise coefficient measuring method based on two kinds of detecting ways, using vector network analyzer, it is characterised in that：Bag
Include following steps：
Step 1：Vector network analyzer is preheated, and its parameter including measurement frequency scope and bandwidth is set；
Step 2：Source output power calibration and full two-port calibration are carried out to vector network analyzer；
Step 3：Start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer and average value detecting way, and according to both detections
The detection of mode is as a result, calculate the noise power N that vector network analyzer itself generatesVNA-add；
Step 4：According to formula (1), the noise coefficient of vector network analyzer is calculated, is denoted as FVNA；
NVNA-add=(FVNA-1)GVNAkT0B (1)；
Wherein, NVNA-addThe noise power generated for vector network analyzer itself；GVNALead to for the reception of vector network analyzer
The gain in road；K is Boltzmann constant；T0For standard noise temperature；B is the bandwidth of the receiving channel of vector network analyzer；
Step 5：Measured piece is accessed between the source output terminal mouth and receiving channel of vector network analyzer, starts S parameter measurement
Thread measures the available gain G of measured pieceDUT；
Step 6：Start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer and average value detecting way, and according to both detections
The detection of mode is as a result, calculate the total noise power N that measured piece and vector network analyzer generateDUT+VNA；
Step 7：According to formula (2), measured piece and the cascade noise coefficient of vector network analyzer are calculated, is denoted as F12；
NDUT+VNA=(F12-1)GDUTGVNAkT0B (2)；
Wherein, NDUT+VNAThe total noise power generated when being cascaded for measured piece and vector network analyzer；F12For measured piece and arrow
Measure the cascade noise coefficient of Network Analyzer；GDUTFor the available gain of measured piece；GVNALead to for the reception of vector network analyzer
The gain in road；K is Boltzmann constant；T0For standard noise temperature；B is the receiving channel of measured piece and vector network analyzer
Bandwidth during cascade；
Step 8：By FVNA、GDUTAnd F12The cascading equations of noise coefficient are substituted into, calculate the noise coefficient of measured piece：
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2. the noise coefficient measuring method according to claim 1 based on two kinds of detecting ways, it is characterised in that：In step
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Step 3.2：Start the average value detection mode of vector network analyzer, can obtain：
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Step 3.3：Start the virtual value detecting way of vector network analyzer, can obtain：
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
</munderover>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>M</mi>
</mfrac>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Step 3.5：By the formula (6) in step 3.4, the noise power N of vector network analyzer can be obtainedVNA-add：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>L</mi>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msup>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
<mi>G</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, RLRepresent system impedance.
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| CN108828336B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-09-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | A kind of noise coefficient test method based on vector network analyzer and noise source |
| CN108508287B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-27 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Method for measuring noise coefficient based on vector network analyzer and power meter |
| US10761134B2 (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-09-01 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and measurement system for identifying the noise figure of a device under test |
| CN110441621B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2022-02-22 | 苏州华兴源创科技股份有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for measuring noise coefficient |
| CN112067915B (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2022-05-06 | 中电科思仪科技股份有限公司 | Noise source calibration system |
| CN112684264A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-04-20 | 北京航天测控技术有限公司 | Noise coefficient measuring method based on multi-channel frequency spectrograph |
| CN113376452B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-08-09 | 中电科思仪科技股份有限公司 | Noise source calibration system and calibration method based on vector network analyzer |
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