CN106100412B - 一种基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载效率优化方法 - Google Patents

一种基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载效率优化方法 Download PDF

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CN106100412B
CN106100412B CN201610167746.0A CN201610167746A CN106100412B CN 106100412 B CN106100412 B CN 106100412B CN 201610167746 A CN201610167746 A CN 201610167746A CN 106100412 B CN106100412 B CN 106100412B
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voltage
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胡海兵
赵阳
于波
许亚坡
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器的轻载效率优化方法，属于电力电子变换器技术领域。电感电流临界连续控制策略实现了逆变器开关器件的软开通，变换器开关频率与输出功率和输入电压直接相关。在输入电压一定的情况下，变换器开关频率随着负载减少而提高，增加关断损耗，降低变换器轻载效率。为了提高轻载变换效率，本发明通过在轻载情况下降低输入电压的方法来降低开关频率减少开关损耗，从而提高轻载变换效率。

Description

一种基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载效率优化 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载效率优化方法，属于电力电 子变换器技术领域。
背景技术
并网逆变器在新能源发电和分布式发电等场合具有广泛的应用前景。提高逆变器开 关频率是并网逆变器设计的一个重要趋势，高开关频率可以减小无源元件的体积，进而可以 提高并网逆变器的功率密度。然而，提高开关频率不仅会增加开关损耗，还会带来较大的EMI 干扰。
软开关技术能在提高开关频率的同时，又能保证较高的效率和较低的EMI干扰。目前软开关技术主要包括无源软开关技术和有源软开关技术。然而，这些软开关技术都需要额 外的器件和辅助电路来实现，这不仅增加了并网逆变器的体积和成本，还使得控制变得更为 复杂。
专利《逆变器的控制软开关技术》中给出了一种基于电感电流临界连续控制策略，此控制策略可以实现开关管的ZVS，附图1给出了一种主电路拓扑以及该控制策略下的电感电流(Lf)波形示意图。附图1(a)所示为应用的主电路拓扑，即全桥逆变电路，未增加任何额外的器件和辅助电路。附图1(b)所示为该控制策略下的电感电流(Lf)波形示意图，电感(Lf)电流处于临界连续(BCM)工作模式，其“负”电流IB为开关管实现ZVS提供了条件，如 图2所示为各模态分析图，此控制方式实现开关管零电压开通的本质即为在开关管开通前， 电感中所控的“负”电流先从开关管的寄生体二极管中流过，使得开关管开通时，其DS两 端电压为零。其具体工作原理见文献[1～3]中，在此不在这做详细分析。
该控制策略的实现方式为通过计算开关管的开通时间ton和关断时间toff来实现控制 的，计算公式如式1、2所示(Lf为电感的感值)。
根据开关频率的表达式，附图3绘制了三组不同负载下，半个工频周期内开关频率变化图。从图中可以看出负载越轻，整个工频周期开关管开关频率越高，基于电感电流临界连续控制策略可以使得开关管实现零电压开通，基本没有开通损耗，但是无法避免关断损耗， 开关频率越高，关断损耗越大，则造成轻载下效率更低的结果。附图4为基于电感电流临界 连续控制策略逆变器实测效率曲线图，从效率曲线图中可以看出，10％轻载下相比较满载下， 逆变器效率降低了3.5％。
发明内容
本发明针对基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载时开关频率高，开关损耗大
本发明采用以下技术方案：
根据如上开关管开通时间表达式(1)，当输入母线电压幅值减小，则开通时间增大； 根据如上开关管关断时间表达式(2)，关断时间与输入母线电压无关，因而不受影响。则最终 开关周期随着输入母线电压幅值减小而增大，即开关频率随着母线电压幅值减小而降低。则 在一个工频开关周期(50Hz)内，开关次数减少，因而关断损耗降低，同时，开关次数降低后， 磁芯损耗也减少，最终可以提升轻载下逆变器效率。
本发明具有如下技术效果：
(1)在不增加额外的器件和辅助电路的情况下，通过控制手段实现全桥逆变开关管 的ZVS，进而可以提高并网逆变器的效率；
(2)仅仅通过改变控制参数，降低一定的直流母线电压幅值，不更改硬件电路，即可提升轻载下逆变器的效率。
附图说明
附图1是主电路拓扑以及基于电感电流临界连续控制策略下的电感(Lf)电流波形示意图；
附图2是全桥拓扑应用电感电流临界连续控制策略后实现零电压开通工作模态图；
附图3是不同负载下半个工频周期内开关频率变化图；
附图4应用本发明方法前基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器全攻略范围测试效 率曲线图；
附图5是应用了本发明方法前后轻载下测试效率对比图；
附图6是基于电感电流临界连续控制策略的全桥逆变器控制框图；
以上附图中的符号名称说明：Vdc为直流侧输入源；Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4为全桥逆变电 路的四个开关管；Lf为被控电感，Lo为输出滤波电感；Co为输出滤波电容；Vgrid为电网电压；iupper为电感电流的上限值，ilower为电感电流的下限值；Iref为并网电流的幅值；IB为电感(Lf) 电流的“负”电流值。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明方法进行详细说明。
附图3所示，为不同输出功率下，半个工频周期范围内，高频开关管的开关频率变化图，负载越轻，开关频率越高，因而关断损耗越大，导致轻载时效率偏低，附图4所示， 为逆变器整个负载范围的效率，可以看出轻载下，效率降低的很明显。针对电感电流临界连续控制策略，降低输入母线电压值可以降低开关频率，从而降低关断损耗，提高逆变器轻载效率。附图5为轻载下，阻性负载离网状态下，输入电压从380V降低330V的效率测试曲线图，从图中可知，输入电压越小，效率越高，且降低相同的输入电压幅值，负载越轻，效率 提升越明显。
附图6为在全桥拓扑上实施本方法的控制框图。通过检测电路检测逆变器的输出电 压和和输出电流，并将信号送入主控DSP中，可以计算得到输出电压和输出电流有效值，从 而得到输出功率，在程序中判断：当输出功率小于设定的轻载值时，直流母线电压给定值降 低至某一给定值，从而控制直流母线电压降低至合适的幅值，一定程度上提高轻载下逆变器 的效率。采样直流母线电压值与给定的直流母线电压参考值做差，得到的误差进行PI调节， 得到并网电流参考值，与锁相得到的锁相角度相乘，则可以得到瞬时电流参考值，运用(1) ～(4)公式计算得到开关的开关时间，并通过PWM发生器给出驱动信号。与此同时，采样 逆变器侧电感电流值，送入DSP中高速模拟比较器，进行实时复位，从而将逆变器侧电感电 流波形图控制如图1(b)所示。

Claims (3)

1.一种基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载效率优化方法，所述电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器是指其逆变器输出电感电流为临界连续模式，以实现逆变器开关器件零电压开通，其特征在于，所述基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载效率优化方法包括：
通过检测逆变器的输出电压和输出电流，并将输出电压和输出电流送入主控DSP中，根据输出电压和输出电流计算得到输出功率，当输出功率小于轻载功率设定值时，降低直流母线电压给定值至某一给定值，将采样直流母线电压值与直流母线电压给定值做差，得到的误差进行PI调节，得到并网电流参考值，与锁相得到的锁相角度相乘，则得到瞬时电流参考值，根据瞬时电流参考值运用(1)～(4)公式计算得到开关的开关时间，并通过PWM发生器给出驱动信号控制各开关管工作；
采样逆变器侧电感电流值，送入DSP中高速模拟比较器，进行实时复位；
其中，iupper为为电感电流的上限值，ilower为电感电流的下限值，Lf为电感的感值，ton为导通时间，toff为关断时间，Tperiod为开关周期，f为频率，ω为角频率，Vin为输入电压，V0为输出电压；
通过控制开关管的开通和关断，实现逆变器输出电流临界模式；在输出功率小于轻载功率设定值时，降低直流母线电压给定值至某一给定值，从而控制直流母线电压降低至合适的幅值，导致开关频率降低，减少关断损耗和磁芯损耗，提高轻载条件下逆变器的工作效率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载效率优化方法，其特征在于，电感电流临界连续控制策略实现方法采用单极性调制方式或者双极性调制方式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于电感电流临界连续控制策略逆变器轻载效率优化方法，其特征在于，主电路拓扑采用全桥逆变器、半桥逆变器或者其他能实现电感电流临界连续方式的任何逆变器拓扑。
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CN107276443B (zh) * 2017-06-01 2019-10-11 浙江大学 基于控制型软开关的改进式定频滞环电流控制方法和电路
CN110086368B (zh) * 2019-03-29 2024-04-02 南京航空航天大学 一种基于断续电流模式的全桥逆变器的轻载效率优化方案
CN112054678A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2020-12-08 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 一种基于输入电压对服务器电源进行优化的系统及方法
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